Learn how to use some irregular Hindi verbs
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Ayesha: Namaste, I'm Ayesha. |
| Ryan: Welcome back to HindiPod101.com. I’m Ryan, and this is Upper Beginner, season 1, Lesson 20: Is There Trouble at your Indian Office? In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use irregular verbs. |
| Ayesha: This conversation takes place at a restaurant. |
| Ryan: The speakers are friends, Shyamli and Lakshmi. |
| Ayesha: Since they’re friends, they'll be using Familiar Hindi. |
| Ryan: Let’s listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| Ayesha - Shyamli |
| Neha - Lakshimi |
| Shyamli: बड़ी मुश्किल हो गयी है। |
| Lakshmi: क्यूँ क्या हुआ? |
| Shyamli: अरे मेरा बौस मुझे हमेशा डांटता रहता है! |
| Lakshmi: ऐसा क्युँ? |
| Shyamli: एक तो मैं उमर में सबसे छोटा हूँ, और उनको यकीन हो गया है कि मैं ध्यान नहीं देता। मैं तंग हो गया हूँ! |
| Lakshmi: तो क्या करोगे इसका? |
| Shyamli: मैं उनकी धारणा बदलने के लिए अब यह प्रोजेक्ट ले लिया ताकी अच्छा काम करके अपनी एक अच्छी छवी बनाउ। लेकिन मुझे कुछ सूझ नहीं रहा है कि इसको कैसे करूँ। |
| Lakshmi: घबराओ मत। मुझे बताओ, मैं तुम्हारी मदद करती हूँ। अभी बैठकर सोचेंगे तो ज़रूर कोई उपाय निकल आएगा। |
| Ryan: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| Shyamli: बड़ी मुश्किल हो गयी है। |
| Lakshmi: क्यूँ क्या हुआ? |
| Shyamli: अरे मेरा बौस मुझे हमेशा डांटता रहता है! |
| Lakshmi: ऐसा क्युँ? |
| Shyamli: एक तो मैं उमर में सबसे छोटा हूँ, और उनको यकीन हो गया है कि मैं ध्यान नहीं देता। मैं तंग हो गया हूँ! |
| Lakshmi: तो क्या करोगे इसका? |
| Shyamli: मैं उनकी धारणा बदलने के लिए अब यह प्रोजेक्ट ले लिया ताकी अच्छा काम करके अपनी एक अच्छी छवी बनाउ। लेकिन मुझे कुछ सूझ नहीं रहा है कि इसको कैसे करूँ। |
| Lakshmi: घबराओ मत। मुझे बताओ, मैं तुम्हारी मदद करती हूँ। अभी बैठकर सोचेंगे तो ज़रूर कोई उपाय निकल आएगा। |
| Ryan: Now let’s hear it with the English translation. |
| A: बड़ी मुश्किल हो गयी है। |
| Ryan: I'm in so much trouble. |
| B: क्यूँ क्या हुआ? |
| Ryan: Why, what happened? |
| A: अरे मेरा बौस मुझे हमेशा डांटता रहता है! |
| Ryan: My boss keeps badgering me! |
| B: ऐसा क्युँ? |
| Ryan: Why is that? |
| A: एक तो मैं उमर में सबसे छोटा हूँ, और उनको यकीन हो गया है कि मैं ध्यान नहीं देता। मैं तंग हो गया हूँ! |
| Ryan: For one thing, I'm the youngest person on the team, and to add to that he's convinced that I don't pay attention or put in enough effort. I'm fed up! |
| B: तो क्या करोगे इसका? |
| Ryan: So what will you do about it? |
| A: मैं उनकी धारणा बदलने के लिए अब यह प्रोजेक्ट ले लिया ताकी अच्छा काम करके अपनी एक अच्छी छवी बनाउ। लेकिन मुझे कुछ सूझ नहीं रहा है कि इसको कैसे करूँ। |
| Ryan: To change his opinion, I volunteered to do this project so that I could improve his impression of me. But I really can't figure out how to do it well! |
| B: घबराओ मत। मुझे बताओ, मैं तुम्हारी मदद करती हूँ। अभी बैठकर सोचेंगे तो ज़रूर कोई उपाय निकल आएगा। |
| Ryan: Don't worry. Tell me; I'll try to help you. If you sit and think about it, I'm sure we can come up with a good result. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Ayesha: Wow, Shyamli seems to be having a lot of trouble at work. |
| Ryan: Well, I’m sure everyone can relate to that! Of course, her troubles are mostly due to her boss, but also because she’s the youngest. |
| Ayesha: Yes, the seniority system is very prominent in Indian culture and society, and also in the workplace. |
| Ryan: Age isn’t just a number; it requires different treatment depending on the difference in ages between you and the other person. In the past, the seniority system was so strong that each person would be promoted in the order of seniority at the workplace. |
| Ayesha: And in schools and colleges too, there's a “senior - junior” divide. This is the same as the workplace. The older you are, the more you can tell people what to do, and how to be. |
| Ryan: That sounds like an interesting system. Okay, now let’s move on to the vocabulary. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Ryan: Let's review the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word is... |
| Ayesha: हमेशा [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: always, forever |
| Ayesha: हमेशा [slowly - broken down by syllable] हमेशा [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: डांटना [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: to scold |
| Ayesha: डांटना [slowly - broken down by syllable] डांटना [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: The next one is... |
| Ayesha: यकीन [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: belief |
| Ayesha: यकीन [slowly - broken down by syllable] यकीन [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: Next... |
| Ayesha: ध्यान [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: focus, concentration |
| Ayesha: ध्यान [slowly - broken down by syllable] ध्यान [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: धारणा [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: conception, idea, imagination |
| Ayesha: धारणा [slowly - broken down by syllable] धारणा [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: The next one is... |
| Ayesha: बदलना [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: to change |
| Ayesha: बदलना [slowly - broken down by syllable] बदलना [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: Next... |
| Ayesha: छवि [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: picture, image |
| Ayesha: छवि [slowly - broken down by syllable] छवि [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: Next we have... |
| Ayesha: सूझना [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: to occur to the mind |
| Ayesha: सूझना [slowly - broken down by syllable] सूझना [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: Next... |
| Ayesha: घबराना [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: to be nervous, to worry |
| Ayesha: घबराना [slowly - broken down by syllable] घबराना [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: And last we have... |
| Ayesha: उपाय [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: remedy, solution |
| Ayesha: उपाय [slowly - broken down by syllable] उपाय [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Ryan: Let’s take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Ayesha: The first word is yakiiN. |
| Ryan: This is a noun that means “belief.” |
| Ayesha: You can use it with possessive pronouns, such as meraa or uSkaa, for meraa yakiiN, meaning “my belief,” and uSkaa yakiiN, meaning “his or her belief.” |
| Ryan: But it's used as a participle with indirect objects to construct the phrases “I believe” or “I’m sure.” |
| Ayesha: In this way, you have to use the object marker ko or oblique pronouns. So for “I’m sure” or “I believe,” you say mujhe yakiiN hai. As you should know, mujhe is the combination of main and ko. |
| Ayesha: The next word is DHyaaN. This noun means “focus” or “concentration.” |
| Ryan: It also means “attention” and “care.” |
| Ayesha: DHyaaN DeNaa is often used to talk about devoting your mind and paying attention to something, especially for studies and education. |
| Ryan: It’s the opposite of being or getting distracted. It can mean just paying attention, or it can be really putting your mind to something. |
| Ayesha: Another common usage is the phrase DHyaaN Se. |
| Ryan: This means “carefully.” |
| Ayesha: For example, when you’re talking about fragile goods, you might hear uSe DHyaaN Se Le jaao. |
| Ryan: Which means, “Be careful moving that.” |
| Ryan: Okay, now on to the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
| Ryan: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use irregular verbs in Hindi that don’t follow the regular rules of conjugation. There are six irregular verbs in Hindi, and here we’ll look at three of them. |
| Ayesha: And those three are hoNaa, karNaa, and jaaNaa. hoNaa and karNaa are a transitive-intransitive pair. hoNaa means “to be” or “to happen.” This intransitive verb is one of the most used ones in Hindi. |
| Ryan: This verb doesn’t have a verb-root that stays the same in the different tenses, and it changes irregularly in the past tense. |
| Ayesha: As we know, the present tenses have the root ho, so in the simple present tense, it’s hoTaa and hoTii for the singular male and female, and hoTe in the plural form. It’s also hoTe in the singular Polite level. |
| Ryan: The verb reflects the gender and number of the direct objects in its conjugation. |
| Ayesha: For example, मैं दस बजे दफ्तर में होती हूँ। (main DaS baje DafTar mein hoTii huun.) |
| Ryan: Meaning, “I'm in the office at 10 o’clock.” |
| Ayesha: The root doesn’t change from ho in the present tenses. |
| Ryan: But in the past tense, it does change. |
| Ayesha: The singular past tense is huaa and huii for male and female objects, and hue for plural objects. |
| Ryan: In the past tense, the verb is conjugated according to the main object as well, and this is usually framed indirectly. For example, “I had a fever,” is stated indirectly as “A fever happened to me,” where the main object becomes “fever” and the indirect object is “me.” |
| Ayesha: So in Hindi this is मुझे बुखार हुई था। (mujhe bukhaar huaa THaa.) |
| Ryan: The imperative form is the other tense where the verb is conjugated differently. This is the command form. |
| Ayesha: In the Casual and Familiar levels it's ho, and in the Polite level it's hoiie. |
| Ryan: The next verb is also one of the most used verbs. It's a transitive verb though, and it means “to do.” Can you guess what it is? |
| Ayesha: It’s karNaa. You use karNaa with nouns to make verb phrases. In the present tense, it's simply karTaa, karTii, and karTe for the singular male, female, and plural. |
| Ryan: This verb also changes in the past tense, and doesn’t have a consistent verb-root. |
| Ayesha: In the singular masculine form, it's kiyaa; in the feminine, kii; and in the plural, kie. |
| Ryan: With transitive verbs in their past tense, the verb conjugation matches the subject, so the conjugation doesn’t change according to first person and second person. |
| Ayesha: Here's an example: उसने बहुत से फोन किए लेकिन एक भी लगा नहीं। (uSNe bahuT Se foN kie LekiN ek bhii Lagaa Nahiin) |
| Ryan: It means, “He called many times but no one picked up.” |
| Ayesha: The conjugation kie here matches the subject bahuT Se foN meaning “many calls,” rather than the main object. |
| Ryan: In the imperative tense, this verb is irregular too. |
| Ayesha: At the Casual level, it's kar; at the Familiar, it's karo; and at the Polite level it's karie or kiijie. kiijie is more polite. |
| Ryan: The third verb is… |
| Ayesha: jaaNaa. |
| Ryan: This verb is also intransitive, and has many different functions as auxiliaries. |
| Ayesha: jaaNaa means “to go,” and in the present tense it's conjugated as jaaTaa, jaaTii, and jaaTe, in the singular masculine, feminine, and plural tenses. |
| Ryan: Once again, the verb-root stays the same in the present tense and future tense, but changes completely in the past tense. |
| Ayesha: Right. The past tenses of the verb are gayaa in the singular masculine; gayii in the singular feminine; and gae in the plural or Polite level. |
| Ryan: This verb has a direct object in the past tense, so the conjugation matches the person or thing it modifies. |
Outro |
| Ryan: Well that’s all we have for this lesson. Thanks for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time. Bye! |
| Ayesha: Till next time! sukriyaa aur aLviDaa! |
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