Dialogue

Vocabulary

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Lesson Notes

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Lesson Transcript

INTRODUCTION
Neha: "Namaste," I'm Neha, and welcome to the Absolute Beginner Series, Lesson 17, Days of the Week.
Maya: "Namaste," I'm Maya. In this lesson you'll learn how to say the days of the week in Hindi.
Neha: The conversation takes place in a school dorm.
Maya: It is between two friends, Sonal and Caroline.
Neha: They know each other very well so they will be speaking informal Hindi.
Maya: Let's listen to their conversation.

Lesson conversation

सोनल (SoNaL): आज कौन सा दिन है? (aaj kauN Saa DiN hai?)
कैरोलाइन (kairoLaaiN): आज मंगलवार है। (aaj mangaLavaar hai.)
सोनल (SoNaL): मैंने सोचा था कि आज बुधवार था। (mainNe Socaa THaa ki aaj buDHavaar THaa.)
कैरोलाइन (kairoLaaiN): वह कल है। (vah kaL hai.)
Let's listen to the conversation one time slowly.
सोनल (SoNaL): आज कौन सा दिन है? (aaj kauN Saa DiN hai?)
कैरोलाइन (kairoLaaiN): आज मंगलवार है। (aaj mangaLavaar hai.)
सोनल (SoNaL): मैंने सोचा था कि आज बुधवार था। (mainNe Socaa THaa ki aaj buDHavaar THaa.)
कैरोलाइन (kairoLaaiN): वह कल है। (vah kaL hai.)
Let's listen to the conversation with English translation.
सोनल (SoNaL): आज कौन सा दिन है? (aaj kauN Saa DiN hai?)
Maya: What day is today?
कैरोलाइन (kairoLaaiN): आज मंगलवार है। (aaj mangaLavaar hai.)
Maya: Today is Tuesday.
सोनल (SoNaL): मैंने सोचा था कि आज बुधवार था। (mainNe Socaa THaa ki aaj buDHavaar THaa.)
Maya: I thought today was Wednesday.
कैरोलाइन (kairoLaaiN): वह कल है। (vah kaL hai.)
Maya: That's tomorrow.
POST CONVERSATION BANTER
Maya: Listeners, did you know that India has its own calendar?
Neha: That's right! Not only does it have one, but it actually has many regional calendars that are slightly different from one another.
Maya: It must be pretty confusing then.
Neha: I guess in a way it is, but then there is an official calendar that everyone follows, one that is based on the lunar year.
Maya: They also have the international Gregorian calendar right, the one that is used in most of the world today?
Neha: Yes, of course. Anyway, the Indian New Year celebration varies from region to region with different forms of rituals.
Maya: But most celebrate spring and good harvest since it falls around March and April.
Neha: And since it follows the lunar year the dates are not always in sync with the Gregorian calendar.
VOCAB LIST
Maya: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word we shall see is...
Neha: आज (aaj).
Maya: today.
Neha: आज (aaj), आज (aaj).
Maya: Next is...
Neha: कौन सा (kauN Saa).
Maya: which.
Neha: कौन सा (kauN Saa), कौन सा (kauN Saa).
Maya: Next is...
Neha: दिन (DiN).
Maya: day.
Neha: दिन (DiN), दिन (DiN).
Maya: Next is...
Neha: मंगलवार (mangaLavaar).
Maya: Tuesday.
Neha: मंगलवार (mangaLavaar), मंगलवार (mangaLavaar).
Maya: Next is...
Neha: सोचा था (Socaa THaa).
Maya: thought.
Neha: सोचा था (Socaa THaa), सोचा था (Socaa THaa).
Maya: Next is...
Neha: कि (ki).
Maya: that.
Neha: कि (ki), कि (ki).
Maya: Next is...
Neha: बुधवार (buDHavaar).
Maya: Wednesday.
Neha: बुधवार (buDHavaar), बुधवार (buDHavaar).
Maya: Next is...
Neha: वह (vah).
Maya: that.
Neha: वह (vah), वह (vah).
Maya: Last we have is...
Neha: कल (kaL).
Maya: yesterday.
Neha: कल (kaL), कल (kaL).
KEY VOCABULARY AND PHRASES
Maya: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson.
Neha: In Hindi, you always have to take notice of the gender, not only of the speaker, which is you, but also of nouns, for example, whether they are masculine or feminine.
Maya: Yes, and in addition you need to take note of the number, for example, whether they are singular or plural.
Neha: You must obviously know this very well by now.
Maya: So this is the case, even for the word "which."
Neha: कौन सा (kauN Saa) is used for singular masculine nouns, कौन से (kauN Se) for plural masculine nouns, and कौन सी (kauN Sii) for singular and plural feminine nouns.
Maya: The rule is that you end with a -आ (-aa) for singular masculine nouns, -ए (-e) for plural masculine nouns, and -ई (-ii) for singular and plural feminine nouns.
Neha: Next, we have the verb "to think," or सोच (Soc), which comes from the verb सोचना (SocaNaa).
Maya: So, irrespective of masculine or feminine, you'd add -आ (-aa) and therefore it becomes...
Neha: सोचा (Socaa).
Maya: So, if you want to say "I thought", you'd say...
Neha: मैंने सोचा था। (mainNe Socaa THaa.)
Maya: If you are a group of people and you want to say "We thought", you'd say...
Neha: हमने सोचा था। (hamaNe Socaa THaa.)
Maya: Okay, now let's move onto the grammar.

Lesson focus

Maya: Okay, moving on to the main focus of this lesson. Today we’re going to learn about
Neha: सप्ताह के दिन (SapTaah ke DiN).
Maya: "Days of the week!"
Neha: We'll first say the words in English, then in Hindi, then a bit slower so that you can hear every syllable.
Maya: The first day of the week is "Sunday," which is...
Neha: रविवार (ravivaar), र-वि-वार (ra-vi-vaar), रविवार (ravivaar).
Maya: Monday is...
Neha: सोमवार (Somavaar), सोमवार (Somavaar), सोमवार (Somavaar).
Maya: Tuesday is...
Neha: मंगलवार (mangaLavaar), मं-गल-वार (man-gaL-vaar), मंगलवार (mangaLavaar).
Maya: Wednesday is…
Neha: बुधवार (buDHavaar), बुधवार (bu-DH-vaar), बुधवार (buDHavaar).
Maya: Thursday is...
Neha: गुरुवार (guruvaar), गु-रु-वार (gu-ru-vaar), गुरुवार (guruvaar).
Maya: Friday is...
Neha: शुक्रवार (sukravaar), शु-क्र-वार (su-kra-vaar), शुक्रवार (sukravaar).
Maya: And finally "Saturday" is...
Neha: शनिवार (saNivaar), श-नि-वार (sa-Ni-vaar), शनिवार (saNivaar).
Maya: Great. Now let's also practice how to say "What day is today?" in Hindi.
Neha: आज कौन सा दिन है? (aaj kauN Saa DiN hai?)
Maya: Here आज (aaj) means "today," कौन सा (kauN Saa) means "which," दिन (DiN) means "day," and है (hai) means "is."
Neha: So, you are literally asking, "Today which day is?"
Maya: Listeners, please repeat. What day is today?
Neha: आज कौन सा दिन है? (aaj kauN Saa DiN hai?)
Maya: Now to answer this question, for example, if you wanted to say, "Today is Tuesday," you simply say...
Neha: आज मंगलवार है। (aaj mangaLavaar hai.) where आज (aaj) means "today," मंगलवार (mangaLavaar) means "Tuesday," and है (hai) means "is."
Maya: All you need to do is replace मंगलवार (mangaLavaar) with other days of the week. So how would you say, "Today is Sunday"?
Neha: आज रविवार है। (aaj ravivaar hai.)
Maya: Listeners, now it's your turn to say them. Today is Tuesday.
Neha: आज मंगलवार है। (aaj mangaLavaar hai.)
Maya: Great, now, today is Sunday.
Neha: आज रविवार है। (aaj ravivaar hai.)
Maya: Okay, now before we go, let's review a few more useful words from the lesson notes.
Neha: Sounds good! What should we go over?
Maya: Well, the one that can be quite confusing is the word for "yesterday" and "tomorrow."
Neha: Oh, yes, in Hindi, the same word कल (kaL) is used for both "yesterday" and "tomorrow."
Maya: And we differentiate it by looking at how the sentence is structured, for example, the context and the tense.
Neha: Remember, we talked about the verb था (THaa), which indicates past tense? Well, if you say कल गुरुवार था। (kaL guruvaar THaa.)
Maya: Then it means "Yesterday was Thursday."
Neha: But if you say कल गुरुवार है। (kaL guruvaar hai.) then it means "Tomorrow is Thursday."
Maya: Okay then, that's all for our lesson. Be sure to let us know if you have any questions.
Neha: Thank you for listening everyone!
Maya: Until next time!
Neha: शुक्रिया और फिर मिलेंगे! (sukriyaa aur phir miLenge!)

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