Learn about using a certain auxiliary verb to make an invitation to a gathering
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Maya:“Namaste”, I’m Maya. Welcome to HindiPod101.com’s Beginner Series. This is Lesson 21- A Hindi Invitation, Part 2. |
| Udita:“Namaste”, I’m Udita. In this lesson you’ll learn about making an invitation to a gathering. |
| Maya:The conversation takes place in a suburban neighborhood, within a housing complex. |
| Udita:The conversation is between two neighbors. One is a young boy, and the other is an older woman |
| Maya:The speakers are well-acquainted and friendly, but since one is older, the other speaker will speak respectfully. They will be using Polite Hindi. |
| Udita:Let’s listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| A: नमस्ते आंटी, आप कल श्याम को फ्री हैं क्या? (NamaSTe aaNtii, aap kaL syaam ko frii hain kyaa?) |
| B: हाँ वैसे तो हम घर पे ही हैं, क्यूँ बेटा? (haan vaiSe To ham ghar pe hii hain, kyun betaa?) |
| A: कल मेरा जन्मदिन है तो हम श्याम को कुछ लोगों को घर पे बुला रहे हैं. आप आएंगी तो मुझे बहुत अच्छा लगेगा. (kaL meraa jaNmaDiN hai To ham syaam ko kuch Logon ko ghar pe buLaa rahe hain. aap aaeNgii To mujhe bahuT acchaa Lagegaa.) |
| B: मैं ज़रूर आउंगी बेटा. कुछ काम है जो छै बजे तक ख़तम हो जाएगा तो सात बजे तक हम ज़रूर पँहुच जाएंगे. (main zaruur aauNgii betaa. kuch kaam hai jo chai baje Tak khaTam ho jaaegaa To ham SaaT baje Tak ham zaruur panhuch jaaeNge.) |
| A: अच्छा आंटी. अंकल भी आएंगे ना? (acchaa aaNtii. aNkaL bhii aaeNge Naa?) |
| B: हाँ मैं उन्हे लेकर आउंगी. (haan main uNhe Lekar aauNgii.) |
| Maya: Now, let’s listen to the same conversation at a slow speed. |
| A: नमस्ते आंटी, आप कल श्याम को फ्री हैं क्या? (NamaSTe aaNtii, aap kaL syaam ko frii hain kyaa?) |
| B: हाँ वैसे तो हम घर पे ही हैं, क्यूँ बेटा? (haan vaiSe To ham ghar pe hii hain, kyun betaa?) |
| A: कल मेरा जन्मदिन है तो हम श्याम को कुछ लोगों को घर पे बुला रहे हैं. आप आएंगी तो मुझे बहुत अच्छा लगेगा. (kaL meraa jaNmaDiN hai To ham syaam ko kuch Logon ko ghar pe buLaa rahe hain. aap aaeNgii To mujhe bahuT acchaa Lagegaa.) |
| B: मैं ज़रूर आउंगी बेटा. कुछ काम है जो छै बजे तक ख़तम हो जाएगा तो सात बजे तक हम ज़रूर पँहुच जाएंगे. (main zaruur aauNgii betaa. kuch kaam hai jo chai baje Tak khaTam ho jaaegaa To ham SaaT baje Tak ham zaruur panhuch jaaeNge.) |
| A: अच्छा आंटी. अंकल भी आएंगे ना? (acchaa aaNtii. aNkaL bhii aaeNge Naa?) |
| B: हाँ मैं उन्हे लेकर आउंगी. (haan main uNhe Lekar aauNgii.) |
| Maya: Let’s now listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| A: नमस्ते आंटी, आप कल श्याम को फ्री हैं क्या? (NamaSTe aaNtii, aap kaL syaam ko frii hain kyaa?) |
| A: Hi, Aunty, are you free tomorrow evening? |
| B: हाँ वैसे तो हम घर पे ही हैं, क्यूँ बेटा? (haan vaiSe To ham ghar pe hii hain, kyun betaa?) |
| B: Yes, we'll just be at home. Why? |
| A: कल मेरा जन्मदिन है तो हम श्याम को कुछ लोगों को घर पे बुला रहे हैं. आप आएंगी तो मुझे बहुत अच्छा लगेगा. (kaL meraa jaNmaDiN hai To ham syaam ko kuch Logon ko ghar pe buLaa rahe hain. aap aaeNgii To mujhe bahuT acchaa Lagegaa.) |
| A: It's my birthday tomorrow, so we're inviting some people over to our house. I'd really like it if you could join. |
| B: मैं ज़रूर आउंगी बेटा. कुछ काम है जो छै बजे तक ख़तम हो जाएगा तो सात बजे तक हम ज़रूर पँहुच जाएंगे. (main zaruur aauNgii betaa. kuch kaam hai jo chai baje Tak khaTam ho jaaegaa To ham SaaT baje Tak ham zaruur panhuch jaaeNge.) |
| B: I'll definitely join. I have some work that will get done by six p.m., so I can definitely join by seven in the evening. |
| A: अच्छा आंटी. अंकल भी आएंगे ना? (acchaa aaNtii. aNkaL bhii aaeNge Naa?) |
| A: Okay, Aunty. Can Uncle come too? |
| B: हाँ मैं उन्हे लेकर आउंगी. (haan main uNhe Lekar aauNgii.) |
| B: Yes, I'll bring him too. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Maya:There are so many big festivals and family occasions per year in India, and many gatherings like this. |
| Udita:Yes and birthdays are a big family occasion too. |
| Maya:That’s true. But this is relatively new as a tradition to Indian families. |
| Udita:Right, birthdays have not always been so important and in fact, many people in earlier generations, and in rural India today don’t know the dates of their own birth. |
| Maya:Yes, birthday celebrations are a new phenomenon. In urban India today, birthdays and birthday parties have become like celebrations anywhere else - there are cakes, surprises, presents, and for adults, also drinks, dancing and other entertainment. |
| Udita:Yes, but it’s also done differently. In India of course you receive presents on your birthday, but you also have to treat everyone. Children take chocolates to school with them to treat all their classmates on their birthday. |
| Maya:That’s right! And when grown-ups party on their birthdays, the birthday girl or boy actually buys drinks for everyone who came to celebrate his or her birthday. |
| Udita:Yes, that’s important to keep in mind if your birthday comes up and you were expecting people to buy you drinks or treat you! |
| Maya:Now let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Udita: लोगों (Logon) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: people |
| Udita: लोगों (Logon) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: लोगों (Logon) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: घर पे बुलाना (ghar pe buLaaNaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: to invite home |
| Udita: घर पे बुलाना (ghar pe buLaaNaa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: घर पे बुलाना (ghar pe buLaaNaa) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: अच्छा लगना (acchaa LagNaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: to be pleased, to like |
| Udita: अच्छा लगना (acchaa LagNaa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: अच्छा लगना (acchaa LagNaa) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: बेटा (beTaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: son, child |
| Udita: बेटा (beTaa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: बेटा (beTaa) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: पहूँचना (pahuuncNaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: to reach |
| Udita: पहूँचना (pahuuncNaa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: पहूँचना (pahuuncNaa) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: लेकर आना (Lekar aanaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: to bring |
| Udita: लेकर आना (Lekar aanaa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: लेकर आना (Lekar aanaa) [natural native speed] |
| Udita: कल (kal) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: tomorrow or yesterday |
| Udita: कल (kal) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Udita: कल (kal) [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Udita:Let’s talk some more about some of the words and phrases that were used. |
| Maya:The first is ‘लोगों Logon’. This means “people” and is the oblique form of “लोग Log” for use with particles. |
| Udita:That’s right. On its own, it will be ‘लोग Log’ but when you are going to use “को” or “ने”, “से” which means ‘from’, ‘पर’ which means “on”, ‘का/की/के’ which means “of”, the oblique form “लोगों” has to be used. |
| Maya:Here is an example using “के लिए ke Lie” which means “for”. “इन लोगों के लिए कुर्सी ले आअो iN Logon ke Lie kurSii Le aao”. This means “Bring chairs for these people.” |
| Udita:Next is the verb “लेकर आना Lekar aanaa” meaning “to bring”. |
| Maya:“आना AaNaa” means “to come” as you know, and “लेना LeNaa” means “to take”. When used together it becomes “ले आना Le aaNaa” or “लेकर आना Lekar AaNaa”. Both mean “to bring” and while “Lekar aaNaa” is the proper way to combine the 2 verbs, “Le aaNaa” is used commonly in daily speech. |
| Udita:That’s right, this is a very specific usage, and the order is always constant - ‘लेना LeNaa” comes before “आना aaNaa” to make ‘ले आना Le aaNaa”. |
| Maya:We can use the same example here “इन लोगों के लिए कुर्सी ले आअो iN LogoN ke Lie kurSii Le aao”. ‘ले आअो Le aao’ is in imperative form, and that’s why this sentence is an order or direction. |
| Udita:Right. Now, let’s move on to the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Maya:In this lesson, you’ll learn about the auxiliary verb ‘जाना jaaNaa’. |
| Udita:You will have noticed this verb combines with other verbs on a lot of occasions. It has a separate meaning on its own, which is “to go”, but it also functions as an auxiliary to add meaning to other verb functions. |
| Maya:Yes, we saw that in the conversation where we hear “कुछ काम है जो छै बजे खतम जो जाएगा kuch kaam hai jo chai baje khaTam ho jaaegaa”. This means ‘I have some work that will get done by 6pm’. |
| Udita:“hoNaa” means “to happen”. Here adding “जाना jaaNaa” gives the meaning “to get” as in “to get done”. |
| Maya:To review, the simple present tense of “जाना jaaNaa” are ‘जाता jaaTaa’, ‘जाती jaaTii’ and ‘जाते jaaTe’. The first two are of course masculine and feminine, and the third is plural or the polite form. |
| Udita:The simple past tense is “गया gayaa”, “गयी gayii” or “गए gae”. The order is the same as earlier - masculine, feminine and then plural and also Polite Level. |
| Maya:In the same order again, the simple future tense gives “जाएगा jaaegaa, जाएगी jaaegii” and “जाएंगे jaaeNge”. This tense has different forms in the first person, which are “जाउंगा jaauNgaa” in the masculine and “जाउंगी jaauNgii”in the feminine. |
| Udita:Let’s try using it as an auxiliary now. |
| Maya:As an auxiliary verb, it comes second after the verb it combines with, and gives the meaning of completion, like in ‘get done’. |
| Udita:The first verb becomes a participle and “जाना jaaNaa” is conjugated to give the correct tense of the sentence. Let’s try it with the verb “होना hoNaa”. |
| Maya:The participle is “हो ho”, so “हो जाना ho jaaNaa” means “to get done”. |
| Udita:That is the most common use of ‘जाना jaaNaa’ as an auxiliary that you would come across in Hindi. |
| Maya:Other common pairings for example, are with ‘मरना marNaa’ wihich means “to die”. ‘मरना marNaa’ is most often used as “मर जाना mar jaaNaa” which means “to die”. Without the auxiliary, if people use ‘मरना marNaa’ it is usually just a manner of speech to talk about a difficult situation. |
| Udita:Right, you may often hear in Hindi movie songs lyrics like “हम तुम पे मरते हैं ham Tum pe marTe hain” taken literally this would mean “I die on you” but of course that’s not what it really means. The actual meaning is “I am completely devoted to you” in the sense that ‘I love you so much I dote on you” or something along those lines. |
| Maya:And to really mean a person passing away therefore it’s more common to say “मर जाना mar jaaNaa”. |
| Udita:Other occasions for using the auxiliary verb ‘जाना ’ are when some task is complete, such as “to fill up”, “to blow up”, “to get frightened”, “to become ready”. |
| Maya:“To fill” is “भरना bharNaa” and so to fill up is “भर जाना bhar jaaNaa”. For example if you wanted to know if a bucket is completely filled you would ask “क्या बालटी भर गया है? kyaa baaLti bhar gayaa hai?” This means “Is the bucket completely filled?” |
| Udita:That’s right, and “to get frightened” is “डर जाना dar jaaNaa”, using the verb “डरना darNaa” meaning “to be scared”. |
| Maya:One thing to note here is that ‘जाना’ only acts as the auxiliary for verbs in the intransitive form. So we use “jaaNaa” for when ‘something gets done’ with the verb “hoNaa” and not if ‘someone finished’ it - with the transitive verb “karNaa”. |
| Udita:Yes, as a general rule “जाना” goes with the intransitive verbs that we learned about earlier. In the pair verbs transitive and intransitive, “जाना” pairs with the intransitive as an auxiliary, and with transitive verbs “देना” which means ‘to give’ or “लेना” which means “to take” generally serve as the auxiliary, to give the same nuance of a complete action. |
| Maya:Here is a brief example. To say “it got done” you would say “हो गया” but to say “I finished it” you would say “कर दिया” for the same task and situation. |
Outro |
| Maya:Well that’s all we have for this lesson. Don’t forget to check the lesson notes for more examples and explanations! |
| Udita:We hope you enjoyed listening. Here’s an example you can try out in Hindi. How would you say “The cake is ready”? |
| Maya:Let us know how you would say this in Hindi with a comment on HindiPod101.com. |
| Udita:Until next time! |
| Maya:Sukriyaa aur phir miLeNge! |
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