Learn the oblique forms of pronouns
Now Playing: Lesson Audio
Get a breakdown of the dialogue and translations instantly with the Premium line-by-line Audio. Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account Now and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.
Get this lesson’s key vocab, their translations and pronunciations. Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account Now and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.
Unlock Lesson Notes and Transcripts for every single lesson. Sign Up for a Free Lifetime Account and Get 7 Days of Premium Access.
| INTRODUCTION |
| Maya: Namaste, I'm Maya. Welcome back to HindiPod101.com. This is Lower Beginner, Season 1, Lesson 14 - Learning the Oblique Forms of Hindi Pronouns. |
| Udita: Namaste, मैं हूं उदिता। (main Udita hoon). I'm Udita. In this lesson, you’ll learn how to change pronouns into their oblique forms. |
| Maya: The conversation takes place on the road. |
| Udita: It's between Kate and an autorickshaw driver |
| Maya: Since they are strangers, they will be using formal Hindi. |
| Udita: Let's listen to their conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| केट: भैया मैं लाजपत नगर जाना चाहती हूँ | (kaet: bhaiya main lajpat nagar jaana chahti hoon) |
| ऑटो चालक: बैठिये, लेकिन मुझे रास्ता नहीं पता (auto chaalak: baithiye, lekin mujhe raasta nahiin pata) |
| केट: मैं बता दूंगी | (kaet: chaliye, main bata doongi) |
| ऑटो चालक: ठीक है| (auto chaalak: theek hai) |
| Maya: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| केट: भैया मैं लाजपत नगर जाना चाहती हूँ | (kaet: bhaiya main lajpat nagar jaana chahti hoon) |
| ऑटो चालक: बैठिये, लेकिन मुझे रास्ता नहीं पता (auto chaalak: baithiye, lekin mujhe raasta nahiin pata) |
| केट: मैं बता दूंगी | (kaet: chaliye, main bata doongi) |
| ऑटो चालक: ठीक है| (auto chaalak: theek hai) |
| Maya: Now let's hear it with the English translation. |
| केट: भैया मैं लाजपत नगर जाना चाहती हूँ | (kaet: bhaiya main lajpat nagar jaana chahti hoon) |
| kate: Excuse me, I want to go to Lajpat Nagar. |
| ऑटो चालक: बैठिये, लेकिन मुझे रास्ता नहीं पता (auto chaalak: baithiye, lekin mujhe raasta nahiin pata) |
| Auto Driver: Please take a seat, but I don't know the way. |
| केट: मैं बता दूंगी | (kaet: chaliye, main bata doongi) |
| kate: Let’s go, I will tell you. |
| ऑटो चालक: ठीक है| (auto chaalak: theek hai) |
| auto driver: Okay. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Maya: Okay, let’s talk about transportation in India. Public transport in India is limited to local buses, metros, taxis, auto rickshaws, and cycle rickshaws. |
| Udita: Of these, the most convenient way to travel around the city is the auto rickshaw. |
| Maya: In case the listeners are wondering, what is an auto rickshaw? |
| Udita: Well, it’s a three-wheeler cabin cycle. You may think of it as a motorized version of the traditional pulled cycle rickshaw. |
| Udita: Auto rickshaws are convenient because they provide door to door service, and you don’t have to rely on a car! |
| Maya: Even the prices are reasonable, as long as you make sure you pay according to the meter of the rickshaw. |
| Udita: In small cities the metered rickshaws are a little rare, so you may need to bargain on the price before getting on it. |
| Maya: So keep those tips in mind! Okay, now let’s move onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Maya: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| The first word we shall see is... |
| Udita: भैया (bhaiyaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: brother |
| Udita: भैया (bhaiyaa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] भैया (bhaiyaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: Next |
| Udita: जाना (jaanaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: to go |
| Udita: जाना (jaanaa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] जाना (jaanaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: Next |
| Udita: चाहती (chahTii) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: want |
| Udita: चाहती (chahTii) [slowly - broken down by syllable] चाहती (chahTii) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: Next |
| Udita: बैठिये (baithiye) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: please sit |
| Udita: बैठिये (baithiye) [slowly - broken down by syllable] बैठिये (baithiye) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: Next |
| Udita: लेकिन (lekin) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: but |
| Udita: लेकिन (lekin) [slowly - broken down by syllable] लेकिन (lekin) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: Next |
| Udita: रास्ता (raasTa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: way |
| Udita: रास्ता (raasTa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] रास्ता (raasTa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: Next |
| Udita: पता (paTa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: know |
| Udita: पता (paTa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] पता (paTa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: Next |
| Udita: बता (baTa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: tell |
| Udita: बता (baTa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] बता (baTa) [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Maya: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Udita: First we have चाहती. |
| Maya: It comes from the verb chahna which means “to want”. chahti is used by feminine subjects, it becomes chahta for masculine singular subjects and chahte for masculine plural subjects. |
| Udita: hoon is the verb “to be”, and is used for first person singular subjects. |
| Maya: So together, it becomes chahti hoon said by a female speaker, and chahta hoon said by a male speaker. |
| Udita: Next is another verb. बैठिये comes from the verb baithna which means “to sit”. Do you remember the lesson on making requests and commands? Baithna becomes baithiye when making a request. |
| Maya: So baithiye means “please sit”. |
| Udita: Next we have mujh ko, meaning “to me”. |
| Maya: Whenever we use a postposition after a pronoun, generally the pronouns change into their oblique forms. |
| Udita: Here, mujh is the oblique form of the pronoun main as we are using the postposition ko. So together it becomes mujhko. People often say mujhe instead of mujhko. |
| Maya: Next बता comes from the verb batana which means “to tell.” Dungi comes from the verb dena which means “to give”. |
| Udita: But in this context it does not literally translate as giving something. When it follows a verb in the second person or third person form, it means doing that thing for somebody. |
| Maya: For example, if we say main tumhe khila dungi, it means “I will make you eat”. |
| Udita: So in our conversation, we have main tumhe bata dungi which means “I will make you tell” and translates as “I will tell you”. |
| Maya: Okay, now onto the grammar. |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Maya: In this lesson, you’re going to learn the oblique form of the Hindi pronouns. |
| Udita: There are situations when we must change the pronouns into a different form. These are called oblique forms of pronouns. One situation is when we are using a postposition. |
| Maya: Remember that postpositions are like prepositions in English: “in”, “at”, “to” etc. In Hindi, they’re called postpositions because they come after the noun or pronoun. |
| Udita: So when we need to use a postposition after a pronoun, the pronoun changes to the oblique form. |
| Maya: That’s right. Some of the pronouns are joined to the postposition, while other pronouns change so that the oblique form incorporates the postposition. |
| Udita: Let’s go over them, starting with first person singular, “I”. First person singular is main and it changes into mujhe in its oblique form. |
| Maya: First Person plural, “we”, is ham and it becomes “hame” in its oblique form |
| Udita: Next is second person singular, “you”, which is tum in its casual form. It changes to “tumhe” in the oblique form. |
| Maya: A very casual pronoun for Second Person Singular is तू . This should strictly be used in very informal situations as it may sound rude to some people. The oblique form of tu is tujhe. |
| Udita: The second person plural, “you all”, in formal situations is आप . aap, remains the same in the oblique, and is joined with “ko” to get “aapko” |
| Maya: Next let’s look at third Person Singular which is yah, and is used for “He”/”She”/”It” for people or things that are close. yah becomes इस in its oblique form. |
| Udita: वह is used for “He” / “She” / “It” / “That” for people or things that are Far. It becomes उस us in the oblique form. |
| Maya: For third Person Plural, ये ye meaning these becomes इन is the oblique form and वे meaning those becomes उन in its oblique form. |
| Udita: Let’s practice with an example. To say “I want a car” we’d say mujhe gaadi chaahiye. |
| Maya: We did not say main for the Pronoun “I” here. In this sentence for a noun we would use the postposition ko. For the pronoun “main”, there is no ‘ko’ used but it changes to mujhe. |
| Udita: Let’s try another one. To say, “He received a letter” we’d say ‘uSko ek chitthi milaa’. |
| Maya: Here the third person pronoun vah goes into its oblique form, as we are using the postposition ko. |
| Udita: The third person pronouns use two oblique forms when using the postposition “ko”. One includes ‘ko’ - “isko, usko, iNko, uNko”, which is more colloquial. The other, more polite form is “ise, uSe, inhe, unhe”. This is the more proper oblique form, that is used in literature. |
| Maya: Don’t worry about the postpositions for now. We’ll be looking at them in detail in the last few lessons of this series. |
| Maya: Let's see how the grammar point was used in the dialogue. |
| Udita: Kate says : भैया मैं लाजपत नगर जाना चाहती हूँ | bhaiya main laajpaT nagar jaana chahTii hoon which means “Excuse me, I want to go to Lajpat Nagar.” |
| Maya: And to this, the autodriver replies: बैठिये, लेकिन मुझे रास्ता नहीं पता| baithiye, lekin mujhe raasTa nahiin paTa which means “please sit, but I don’t know the way.” |
Outro |
|---|
| Udita: Well, that's all for our lesson. Make sure to read the lesson notes for more examples! |
| Maya: Listeners, can you say “I have to go” in Hindi? If you can, please leave us a comment saying it at HindiPod101.com. Thank you for listening. Until next time! |
| Udita: "Shukriyaa aur fir milenge!" |
Comments
Hide