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| INTRODUCTION |
| Maya: Namaste, I'm Maya. Welcome back to HindiPod101.com. This is Lower Beginner, Season 1, Lesson 15 - Learning Aggregation in Hindi. |
| Udita: Namaste, मैं हूं उदिता। (main Udita hoon). I'm Udita. In this lesson, you’ll learn aggregation in Hindi. |
| Maya: The conversation takes place on a street. |
| Udita: It's between Kate and the fruit seller. |
| Maya: Since they are strangers, they will be using formal Hindi. |
| Udita: Let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| केट: यह सेब कितने का है? (Kaet: yah seb kiTne kaa hai?) |
| फल वाला: 10 रुपए (fal vaala: 10 rupye) |
| केट: मुझे पाँचों चाहियें | थोड़ा कम लगा लो | (Kaet: mujhe paanchon chahiyen. thoda kam laga lo) |
| फल वाला : ठीक है पचास रूपये में दे दूंगा| (fal vaala: THeek hai. 50 rupye mein de dunga.) |
| Maya: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| केट: यह सेब कितने का है? (Kaet: yah seb kiTne kaa hai?) |
| फल वाला: 10 रुपए (fal vaala: 10 rupye) |
| केट: मुझे पाँचों चाहियें | थोड़ा कम लगा लो | (Kaet: mujhe paanchon chahiyen. thoda kam laga lo) |
| फल वाला : ठीक है पचास रूपये में दे दूंगा| (fal vaala: THeek hai. 50 rupye mein de dunga.) |
| Maya: Now let's hear it with the English translation. |
| केट: यह सेब कितने का है? (Kaet: yah seb kiTne kaa hai?) |
| Kate: How much is this apple? |
| फल वाला: 10 रुपए (fal vaala: 10 rupye) |
| fruit seller: 10 rupees |
| केट: मुझे पाँचों चाहियें | थोड़ा कम लगा लो | (Kaet: mujhe paanchon chahiyen. thoda kam laga lo) |
| Kate: I want all five. |
| फल वाला : ठीक है पचास रूपये में दे दूंगा| (fal vaala: THeek hai. 50 rupye mein de dunga.) |
| fruit seller: Okay. I will let you have them for 50 rupees. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Maya: Let’s talk about street vendors. The street vendor is a very important part of Indian society. |
| Udita: That’s right!! Considering India is still a developing economy, fruit and vegetable markets are still few, and the street vendor is still the preferred choice. |
| Maya: Street vendors are crucial for everyone’s day to day needs, as they are able to sell all kinds of merchandise. |
| Udita: You can find these vendors with mobile carts, which they tend to carry from street to street, depending on the time of day. |
| Maya: A typical street scene in India is housewives wearing colourful saris, gathered around road-side vendors who are selling vegetables in carts and negotiating prices. |
| Udita: The merchandise could be anything from fruits to vegetables, to specialized items. |
| Maya: I would say that if you’re visiting India, you're almost certain to catch a glimpse of these vendors. |
| Udita: Definitely. Alright, now let’s move onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Maya: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| The first word we shall see is... |
| Udita: सेब (seb) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: apple |
| Udita: सेब (seb) [slowly - broken down by syllable] सेब (seb) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: Next |
| Udita: कितने का (kiTne kaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: how much |
| Udita: कितने का (kiTne kaa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] कितने का (kiTne kaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: Next |
| Udita: फल वाला (fal vaala) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: fruit seller |
| Udita: फल वाला (fal vaala) [slowly - broken down by syllable] फल वाला (fal vaala) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: Next |
| Udita: दस (das) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: ten |
| Udita: दस (das) [slowly - broken down by syllable] दस (das) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: Next |
| Udita: पाचों (paanchon) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: all five |
| Udita: पाचों (paanchon) [slowly - broken down by syllable] पाचों (paanchon) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: Next |
| Udita: चाहियें (chaahiyen) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: want |
| Udita: चाहियें (chaahiyen) [slowly - broken down by syllable] चाहियें (chaahiyen) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: Next |
| Udita: थोड़ा (thodaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: little |
| Udita: थोड़ा (thodaa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] थोड़ा (thodaa) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: Next |
| Udita: कम (kam) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: less |
| Udita: कम (kam) [slowly - broken down by syllable] कम (kam) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: Next |
| Udita: ठीक (theek) [natural native speed] |
| Maya: ok |
| Udita: ठीक (theek) [slowly - broken down by syllable] ठीक (theek) [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Maya: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Udita: First we have कितने which means “how many” in English. When we use it with the postposition का, it becomes कितने का which means “how much cost”. |
| Maya: In the dialogue, Kate says यह सेब कितने का है? which means “How much is this apple? |
| Udita: Okay, what do we have next? |
| Maya: थोड़ा which means “little” and कम which means “less”. So together, it becomes थोड़ा कम which is a very useful phrase when it comes to bargaining. |
| Udita: People often say थोड़ा कम लगा लो which translates as “put little less” and implies “ reduce the price.” or ‘make it cheaper‘. |
| Maya: Another very common phrase for bargaining is ठीक ठीक लगा लो where ठीक meaning “ok” while लगा लो means “put”. So it translates to “make the price ok”. |
| Udita: In these situations, the subject “price” is implied and so the meaning can be inferred, even if you don’t use the word explicitly. |
| Maya: However, some people might prefer using it. So the word for “price” is दाम . So we could say दाम थोड़ा कम लगा लो |
| Udita: रूपये means “rupees” whereas रुपया is used for singular numbers. |
| Maya: For example, एक रुपया which means “one rupee”. |
| Udita: Similarly for plural numbers, we use रूपये. For example, दस रूपये which means “ten rupees”. |
| Maya: Often times, you will hear people saying paise instead of rupae. This doesn’t mean that they are referring to the literal paisa which is one one-hundredth of a rupee, or to coins which are also called paise |
| Udita: Although this might sound confusing, it’s simply another way of referring to money. |
| Maya: Okay, now onto the grammar. |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Maya: In this lesson, you’re going to learn how to use aggregation, which is very common in Hindi. |
| Udita: Aggregations are required in many situations. Like if you want to point out a number of people, if you want to buy a set of things, and many other scenarios. |
| Maya: Aggregation can be generally expressed by adding a suffix to a numeral. |
| Udita: In the case of “two “, we add the suffix no. “Two” in Hindi is do, adding the suffix no makes it donõ meaning “both”. |
| Maya: Similarly, teen becomes teeno, meaning “all three”. |
| Udita: However, for other numerals, a different rule applies. We simply add on. For example, we add on to chaar and it becomes chaaraon, meaning “all four.” |
| Maya: To indicate an indefinite large number, we add the suffix iyõ to the numeral. For example, dasiyon which means “all ten” or or beesiyon which means “all twenty”. |
| Udita: The suffix on is also added to the nouns signifying duration, measures, and weight, to indicate large and indefinite numbers or quantity. |
| Maya: For example, mahinon means “‘a number of months”, barson, which means “a number of years”. |
| Udita: Let's listen to some examples. |
| Maya: Okay. “All five girls" would be? |
| Udita: पाँचों लड़कियां. पाँचों means “all five” and लड़कियां means “girls”. So altogether, you can say पाँचों लड़कियां. |
| Maya: "All three cars" would be? |
| Udita: तीनो गाड़ियां. तीनो means “all the three” and गाड़ियां means “cars”. So altogether, you can say तीनो गाड़ियां. |
| Maya: "All four houses" would be? |
| Udita: चारों घर. चारों means “all the four” and घर means “houses”. So altogether, you can say चारों घर. |
| Maya: Did you notice that the plural for ghar is ghar only. |
| Udita: You would know by now that certain consonants and vowel-ending nouns do not change in their plural forms. |
| Maya: Ok, let's see how this grammar point was used in the dialogue. |
| Udita: Kate says to the fruitseller :मुझे पाँचों चाहियें | थोड़ा कम लगा लो | mujhe paanchon chaahiyen. thoda kam lagaa lo which means “I want all five. Please reduce the price”. |
Outro |
|---|
| Maya: Well, that's all for our lesson. Be sure to read the lesson notes for more examples! |
| Udita: Listeners, can you say “all the eight bananas” in Hindi? If you can, please leave us a comment saying it at HindiPod101.com. |
| Maya: Thank you for listening. Until next time! |
| Udita: "Shukriyaa aur fir milenge!" |
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