If you’re a native English-speaker looking to learn the beautiful Hindi language, you may have asked yourself “Is Hindi hard to learn?” Doubts like this are understandable, given the massive difference between the Hindi and English language scripts. However, not all answers are black and white. 

There are a number of factors that can influence how easily you learn Hindi:

• Your background
• Your willingness to learn
• The Hindi teaching methods being used

Confident about the first two factors? Leave everything else to HindiPod101.com! We’re committed to making Hindi learning as interesting as possible.

Table of Contents

1. Hindi: Yay or Nay!
2. Why Should You Learn Hindi?
3. The Most Easygoing Parts of Learning Hindi
4. The Hardest Parts
5. Handy Tips for a New Hindi Learner
6. Why is HindiPod101.com Great for Learning Hindi?

Making Hindi Learning Fun for You!

1. Hindi: Yay or Nay!

You want to know how difficult (or easy!) learning Hindi will be for you. You want to know if you should take the plunge or not. 

We won’t lie: Learning Hindi is no piece of cake! That said, there are some things that make Hindi hard to learn, and others that are very simple. Once you get the drift of it, you won’t be able to help falling in love with the language’s many amazing features. 🙂

For instance, Hindi is spoken just the way it’s written. Once you learn the alphabet, you’ve already won half the battle! (And with HindiPod101.com, you can learn the alphabet in no time.)

Now, let’s get going already and cover the basics of learning Hindi. In this article, we’ll give you some marvelous facts about the Hindi language, show you the good, bad, and ugly of the learning process, and give you tips for success along the way! 

2. Why Should You Learn Hindi?

Why on earth would you want to learn Hindi? Honestly, the benefits are plenty, especially if you’re planning to stay in India for a while. Allow us to list some of the best reasons to learn Hindi with us.

1 – Wide Popularity

Hindi is one of the most spoken languages in India. Did you know that Hindi is the official language in a total of nine Indian states, collectively known as the Hindi Belt? But the language’s huge reputation doesn’t end there. In fact, natives of South India are quite familiar with the Hindi language as well. What’s more, take into account the massive fan base of Bollywood movies all over India—and the world—to see just how popular Hindi language media has become! 

2 – Professional Benefits

Learning Hindi will open up many job opportunities for you. To say the least, it will give you a strong advantage in the Indian atmosphere. People in India are more inclined to hire someone who knows such a prevalent language like Hindi than someone who only knows English (or another less-popular language). When you know Hindi, they actually begin to see you as a part of their own society and culture.

3 – Social Mingling

Knowing at least a little Hindi will definitely give you an edge in many ways, from breaking the ice in conversations to dating someone. It will help you connect with natives and socialize with them in both personal and professional scenarios. This is especially true if you’re in Northern India, where conversing in Hindi is the real shortcut to people’s hearts.

Are You Studying the Right Way?

4 – Practical Advantages

Knowing Hindi will help you in a variety of daily activities, such as grocery shopping, bargaining for a lower price, taking a taxi, or asking for directions. It’s a life-saver in case of an emergency. Basic knowledge of Hindi will help you gel with neighbors and have fun at parties. You would have the luxury of laughing with natives when they make a joke (instead of feeling left out). 

5 – Command Over Other Regional Languages

Hindi has inspired many other regional languages, such as Gujarati, Punjabi, Rajasthani, and Bihari. All of these languages spoken in the Northern area have many words in common. So, studying Hindi will automatically make you more familiar with these languages too, which is a big bonus!

3. The Most Easygoing Parts of Learning Hindi

Learning Hindi isn’t all fun and games, but there are a few aspects of the language that really aren’t so bad! 

1 – Phonetic Language

When a language is phonetic, it means that it’s spoken exactly as it’s written. Once you learn to recognize the alphabet, there are no hidden or confusing pronunciation rules. 

So, starting from scratch, your first priority should be to master the Hindi alphabet. Here are some examples of how Hindi may actually be easier than English in this regard:

• In English: Consider the sound of ‘u’ in “put” and “bush,” and then compare it to the sound of ‘u’ in “cut” and “rush.” They sound different, right? Moreover, “rough” and “cough” produce the sound of ‘f,’ whereas “though” and “plough” don’t.


• In Hindi: You won’t find such ambiguity in the Hindi language. Each sound or letter has one—and only one—way of being spoken. For example, घर (ghar) = “house,” घंटी (ghantii) = “bell,” and घूमना (ghuumaNaa) = “wander,” all generate the same sound of ‘gh’ as in “ghost.”

2 – Familiar Sounds

Although Hindi is a completely different language, it still has its fair share of common sounds with English. This factor turns things in the learner’s favor and fills them with some self-confidence from the beginning.

Start with the Basics

Delving into these familiar sounds right away and building a personal vocab list is an easy way to start practicing Hindi.

Examples of Familiar Sounds:

Familiar Sounds	Hindi Examples	English Examples
अ (a) Sound	अनार (aNaar) = “Pomegranate” अनोखा (aNokhaa) = “Strange”	Used as [a] in “alone,” “about,” “aloof”
आ (aa) Sound	आम (aam) = “Mango” आज (aaj) = “Today”	Used as [aa] in “farm,” “farmer,” “bark”
इ (i) Sound	इतवार (iTavaar) = “Sunday” इमली (imaLii) = “Tamarind”	Used as [i] in “still,” “fit,” “live”
ई (ii) Sound	ईश्वर (iisvar) = “God” ईद (iiD) = “Eid”	Used as [ee] in “meat,” “sheep”
च (c) Sound	चलना (caLaNaa) = “To walk” चाँद (caaND) = “Moon”	Used as [ch] in “cherry,” “chalk,” “chips”
ज (j) Sound	जहाज़ (jahaaz) = “Ship” जानवर (jaanavar) = “Animal”	Used as [j] in “junk,” “jam,” “junior”

3 – Plenty of English Words

Many borrowed English words have become a common part of our day-to-day Hindi. So, in a situation where the right Hindi word doesn’t come to your mind, you can get away with the survival English phrase for that word.

Given below are some Hindi sentences with common English words in them.

• मेरी शाम की फ़्लाइट है I (merii saam kii fLaait hai.)
  “I have an evening flight.”

• क्या आज रात आप मेरे साथ डिनर करेंगे? (kyaa aaj raaT aap mere SaaTH diNar karenge?) [Talking to a male]
  “Would you have dinner with me tonight?”

• क्या आज रात आप मेरे साथ डिनर करेंगी? (kyaa aaj raaT aap mere SaaTH diNar karengii?) [Talking to a female]
  “Would you have dinner with me tonight?”

4 – Warm Culture

The quality of your surroundings plays a great role in how effectively you pick up new concepts. A warm and supportive atmosphere guarantees that you’ll learn faster and with more confidence. In the accommodating Indian culture, you’ll get all the encouragement needed to polish your Hindi language skills and speak like a native.

4. The Hardest Parts

Now it’s time to face the challenging parts. Given that Hindi is way out of league for any English-speaker, you’re bound to bump into some difficult stages during the learning process. So why is Hindi hard to learn, and how can you overcome these obstacles?

1 – Unfamiliar Sounds

This part is a nightmare for English-speakers. There are so many sounds in Hindi that non-native speakers are completely unaware of. Hence, it’s vital to focus on the pronunciation of unfamiliar sounds as soon as possible, because these concepts can get tricky.

Let’s look at a couple of these unique Hindi sounds.

Unfamiliar Sounds	Hindi Examples	English Examples
त (T) Sound	तरबूज़ (Tarabuuz) = “Watermelon” तेज़ (Tez) = “Fast”	Used as [t] in “pasta,” “restaurant”
ख/ख़ (kh) Sound	ख़रगोश (kharagos) = “Rabbit” खट्टा (khattaa) = “Sour”	Used as [kh] in “Khan,” “Bach“

2 – Diacritics

Once you’ve spent some time on the unfamiliar letters and sounds, the second most important thing is to study Hindi grammar and diacritics (maaTraa) religiously. Otherwise, everything that follows will leave you puzzled.

Here are a few illustrations to show you how a little diacritic can turn the meaning of a word upside-down.

• भरा (bharaa) = “Full”
  भूरा (bhuuraa) = “Brown”

• घंटी (ghantii) = “Bell”
  घंटा (ghantaa) = “Hour”

• रोज़ (roz) = “Daily”
  रोज़ा (rozaa) = “Fasting done by Muslims”

• फल (phaL) = “Fruit”
  फूल (phuuL) = “Flower”

• पान (paaN) = “Betel leaf”
  पानी (paaNii) = “Water”

How Can You Make Hindi Learning Easy?

3 – Gender-specific Conjugation

Let’s come back to the question, “Is Hindi hard to learn for English-speakers?” Up to a limit, the language can be pretty difficult, especially when it comes to something English-speakers aren’t familiar with in their own language: gender-specific conjugation.

In English, except for personal pronouns, there’s no grammatical gender to worry about. Sadly, that’s not the case in Hindi.

In the Hindi language, everything has a gender and the whole conjugation pattern changes accordingly.

Examples:

Masculine Gender (Singular)	राम घर जा रहा है I (raam ghar jaa rahaa hai.)	“Ram is going home.”
Feminine Gender (Singular)	सीता घर जा रही है I (SiiTaa ghar jaa rahii hai.)	“Sita is going home.”

Masculine Gender (Plural)	दो आदमी सो रहे हैं I (Do aaDamii So rahe hain.)	“Two men are sleeping.”
Feminine Gender (Plural)	दो औरतें सो रही हैं I (Do auraTen So rahii hain.)	“Two women are sleeping.”

4 – Homonyms

Homonyms are words that are spelled and pronounced identically, but have different meanings. Just like every language, Hindi is full of them. This may be bad news for beginners because it all comes down to context. Context is the only thing that hints at the correct meaning of a word in a given conversation.

• खाना (khaaNaa) = “To eat” (verb)
  खाना (khaaNaa) = “Food” (noun)

• सोना (SoNaa) = “To sleep”
  सोना (SoNaa) = “Gold”

• जग (jag) = “World”
  जग (jag) = “Jug” (example: “jug of water”)

5 – Slang / Colloquial Words

Another feature that can really twist your mind is the Hindi texting slang, which can often be labeled untranslatable. It’s practically impossible to cover all of the texting slang and phrases you’ll come across, so please make sure to check out the links above and memorize as many words as possible.

Just to give you an idea, here are a couple of popular slang phrases:

• लंका लग गयी (Lankaa Lag gayii) = “Weird Sh*t Happens”

• ढाबा (dhaabaa) = “Roadside restaurant”

Practicing with the Natives

6 – Formal Tone

India is a country where tone matters. So much so that we have different ways of addressing elders versus young people. To be on the safer side, until and unless you’re well-acquainted with Indian culture, it’s better to use the formal tone for everyone without exception.

As a beginner, you may find it helpful to study this table about etiquette rules. 

Example Sentence: “What will you eat?”
	Formal	Informal	Highly Casual
For Addressing	Elderly Senior in position Strangers Opposite gender In official relations	Friends Of the same gender Young people / children Siblings	Close friends Siblings
Common Words Used	आप (aap) आपको (aap ko)	तुम (Tum) तुमको (Tum ko)	तू (Tuu)तुझे (Tujhe)
Addressing Males	आप क्या खाएंगे? (aap kyaa khaayenge?)	तुम क्या खाओगे? (Tum kyaa khaaoge?)	तू क्या खायेगा? (Tuu kyaa khaayegaa?)
Addressing Females	आप क्या खाएंगी? (aap kyaa khaayengii?)	तुम क्या खाओगी? (Tum kyaa khaaogii?)	तू क्या खायेगी? (Tuu kyaa khaayegii?)

5. Handy Tips for a New Hindi Learner

Everybody could use some help, especially beginners. With these valuable tips and methods, you can make your learning journey more interesting and unconventional.

1 – Watch Movies and TV Shows

We all learn faster when it’s fun. So, the first way to drive away boredom is to start watching hit Bollywood movies. It’s even better if they have subtitles in your mother tongue. If you’re not into films, you can opt for Hindi songs or TV shows in your favorite genre. Check out our list of the Top Hindi TV Shows to get started.

Don’t Study Hard. Study Smart.

2 – Listen to Audiobooks

Listening to audiobooks or radio programs in Hindi can be really useful when you’re getting started. It’s especially time-efficient when you’re stuck in traffic or commuting by metro. For more tech-savvy learning, feel free to check out our free Hindi audiobooks.

3 – Practice with Native Speakers

On a regular basis, talk to someone who’s a native Hindi-speaker. There’s nothing like gaining first-hand experience with natives. Moreover, practicing with native folks means you’ll get instant feedback, cultural tips, and information on minute details. And, hold on, isn’t it so much more fun!

4 – Review Everyday

If you don’t review and revise often, you’ll lose all of the progress you’ve made! Imagine planting a tree every day but forgetting to water them. The same is the case with studying Hindi. Revision and practice are almost as necessary as learning something new.

5 – Don’t Be Afraid to Ask

When confused about something, ask. It’ll save you from embarrassment later. Remember, Indians are generous when it comes to assisting others. They don’t mind stopping what they’re doing to help you out. So, shake off any hesitation and reach out to them. People will actually respect you more because of your interest in their native language.

6. Why is HindiPod101.com Great for Learning Hindi?

By now, you may be wondering what makes HindiPod101.com so special. Why should someone choose this platform above all the others? Read on to find out the unique perks and facilities HindiPod101.com has to offer you—unbeatable features that you’ll find nowhere else. Let’s dig in! 

1 – World-Class Materials

From free PDFs to quality learning materials, grammar exercises, and countless video and audio lessons, we’ve got everything to help you speak Hindi fast. Our students also enjoy using flashcards, a free Hindi-English dictionary, a comprehensive grammar bank, and our fun Word of the Day feature! 

2 – Effective Strategies

We know how hard learning Hindi can be. But there’s always a way to get through in one piece! HindiPod101.com shares various effective strategies to keep things simple for you. These may include pinpointing your favorite way of learning Hindi, using quick memory techniques, etc.

Slow and Steady Wins the Race

3 – Customized Learning

Do you want to learn Hindi to get a better job? Are you trying to date someone in India? Maybe you just need some survival phrases in Hindi for a quick visit. Whatever your purpose for learning Hindi, just let us know and we’ll create a Learning Path that specially caters to your needs and goals. 

4 – Personal Assistance

Got a question? The MyTeacher Messenger is there to help you with your doubts 24/7. All you have to do is sign up at our website and become a Premium PLUS student. A Hindi teacher will be assigned to you for all your language-related questions. Just leave a message and your teacher will respond back within a few hours. How cool is that!

5 – Hindi at Your Fingertips!

We want nothing to stand between you and your desire to study Hindi. That’s why HindiPod101.com has designed a brilliant, user-friendly app for learning Hindi whether you’re feeling lazy or have a jam-packed schedule. Now you can improve your Hindi skills no matter where you are. 

Let us know in the comments how you feel about learning Hindi now. More confident, or do you still have some questions or concerns? We look forward to hearing from you!

Mistakes are a part of life. But some of them may get us in trouble or in quite an embarrassing situation. This is especially true when learning a new language.

Being a non-native, you may have already experienced the pain of making common Hindi grammar mistakes. Honestly, we feel you! But we can’t bend the rules for you. After all, it’s a language, something you can’t mess with!

Mistakes are a part of life!

But we’re not saying that you can’t do anything about it. There are several ways that you can make the learning process easier on yourself and plenty of strategies to get ahead of others.

So, in this lesson, we’ll be sharing some quick tricks and tips on how to avoid spelling mistakes in the Hindi language, in addition to common grammatical errors.

Let’s get started, guys!

Table of Contents

1. Oh, the Curse of Phonetics!
2. The Gender Conflict
3. Confusing Homonyms
4. “Where” to Place “What” and “Why”!
5. The Politeness Code
6. Stay Away from Redundancy
7. Clever Diacritics
8. When to Skip the jii Suffix
9. The Local Dialect
10. The Fear of Making Mistakes
11. Overcoming Your Hindi Mistakes with HindiPod101.com

1. Oh, the Curse of Phonetics!

Well, as they say, eat your frogs first. Phonetics is a real pain for any Hindi language learner. And it’s scary as hell. So, let’s tackle that first.

Common Hindi pronunciation mistakes abound when new learners begin speaking the language. Whether it’s the accent, the pronunciation, or the stretch of a syllable, this one is a head-scratcher. But HindiPod101.com has your back!

Before this scary monster begins to overpower your abilities and crush your self-confidence, check out our comprehensive guide on Hindi pronunciation. It will give you deep insight into the micro-concepts of the language and help you learn faster.

When studying Hindi, there are certain facts worth knowing about the language. We’ll do our best to cover these facts in the following sections.

1 – Writing System

• Hindi follows an alphasyllabary writing system, where each combination of consonants and vowels is taken as a unit.

Example

क    +     म +    र +   आ = कमरा (kamaraa) = “room” (ka) + (ma) + (ra) + (aa)

2 – Unfamiliar Sounds

• There are a handful of new sounds in Hindi that are completely unfamiliar to non-natives. So, it’s quite possible to get confused while pronouncing them.

Examples of Unfamiliar Sounds

त (T) = This is the soft sound of [t] as used in “barista” or in the Italian pronunciation of “pasta.”

त्र (Tr) = This is the coupled sound of soft [T] + [r] to make [Tr], as in “Dmitrij” or the Italian pronunciation of “restaurant.”

ख or ख़ (kh) = This is the coupled sound of [k] + [h] to make [kh], as in “Khan” or “Bach.” Of course, both are loan words from the Urdu and German languages, because there’s no such English word with the “-kh” sound.

And we’re not even close to covering all the points which so frequently lead to the most common Hindi pronunciation mistakes.

3 – Syllables

• A longer or shorter stretch of a syllable may completely change the meaning of a word.

Syllable Examples	Longer Stretch	Shorter Stretch
पेट	Spoken as (pet) as in “gate” or “late” पेट (pet) = “stomach” / “belly”	Spoken as (pet) as in “get” or “set” पेट (pet) = “pet animal”
जेल	Spoken as (jeL) as in “bale” or “tail” जेल (jeL) = “prison”	Spoken as (jeL) as in “tell” or “fell” जेल (jeL) = “gel”

Now, don’t sweat over it. These concepts may feel overwhelming, but with time and practice, you’ll soon be able to master them. 🙂

Slow and Steady Wins the Race

2. The Gender Conflict

You probably know that English verbs are gender-neutral, and that only the pronouns vary based on gender. However, that’s not the case in the Hindi language.

Using the wrong gender-verb conjugation is one of the most common Hindi grammar mistakes. And it’s totally understandable because, for a beginner, the rules can be tricky at times.

Nonetheless, we have one secret code that will not only help you catch the tiger by its tail, but also tame it.

Feminine Gender	All of the verbs and other conjugations end with the -ii sound. This rule applies to both singular and plural nouns/pronouns.
Examples	जाती है (jaaTii hai) = “goes” सोती है (SoTii hai) = “sleeps “खाती है (khaaTii hai) = “eats”

Masculine Gender	For the singular masculine gender, all of the verbs and other conjugations end with the -aa sound. For the plural masculine gender, all of the verbs and other conjugations end with the -e sound.
Singular Examples	जाता है (jaaTaa hai) = “goes” सोता है (SoTaa hai) = “sleeps” खाता है (khaaTaa hai) = “eats”
Plural Examples	जाते हैं (jaaTe hain) = “go” सोते हैं (SoTe hain) = “sleep” खाते हैं (khaaTe hain) = “eat”

What we’ve covered here are just the basic rules of thumb to help you avoid conjugation-related Hindi grammar mistakes. In fact, the conjugation rules vary according to the tense, mood, and tone as well. For the more curious souls, have a look at our amazing Verb Conjugation article!

3. Confusing Homonyms

Even if you think you’ve mastered how to avoid spelling mistakes in the Hindi language, there are always things that can go wrong. Why? Because not everything has a shortcut. So, don’t judge yourself or be super-critical about minor mistakes.

Some skills take time to develop and grow. Remember: Slow and steady wins the race! 😉

One of the most troublesome concepts is that of “homonyms.” And mind you, these pairs of words are the exact copies of each other. It’s so easy for beginners to make a mistake in Hindi here without the proper experience and exposure. The only way to crack the code and differentiate between their meanings is by looking at the entire context of a conversation.

Messed up in a meeting because you said the wrong word?

Here are a few common homonyms that are easily confused.

Hindi Word	English Meaning 1	English Meaning 2
कल (kaL)	“Yesterday”	“Tomorrow”
फल (phaL)	“Gold” (noun)	“To sleep” (verb)
फल (phaL)	“Fruits” (noun)	“Result” / “Outcome”
खाना (khaaNaa)	“Food” (noun)	“To eat” (verb)

4. “Where” to Place “What” and “Why”!

Before we continue, some good news for you: We’re almost halfway through this lesson. Yay! Give yourself a pat on the back!

Don’t get too carried away, though, because we have another brain teaser waiting for us.

Now, we’ll be talking about the Hindi sentence pattern and word order. Or, to be precise, about where you should place interrogative words when asking a question. Pay attention, because confusion on this topic leads to many Hindi mistakes! 

Unlike in English, in Hindi, we place the interrogative words right before the helping verb or main verb. Just for easy reference, here are a few common Hindi question words:

• क्या (kyaa) = “what”
• कब (kab) = “when”
• कहाँ (kahaan) = “where”
• क्यों (kyon) = “why”

5. The Politeness Code

Offending someone is the last thing you want to do in a foreign country. In India, following the proper code of conduct and showing respect and courtesy matter a lot.

Just like people in many Asian countries, we Indians have particular words and phrases we use to show respect to our elders, strangers, and other people in formal situations. We’ll admit that this isn’t so much a set of Hindi mistakes as it is a cultural difference.

So, whenever you’re meeting someone:

• for the first time;
• elderly;
• of the opposite gender;
• officially senior to you;
• who is a stranger,

Our rule of thumb is to go with the word आप (aap) rather than तुम (Tum). Both words are Hindi translations for the pronoun “you.” But remember that आप (aap) is more than just a word; it’s a gesture of showing respect and proper etiquette.

6. Stay Away from Redundancy

A frequent mistake Hindi-learners make is to crowd a sentence with unnecessary words. Well, honestly, the crime of redundancy is not unique to Hindi, but it’s still important to cover.

First of all, repetitive words make us sound clumsy and cluttered. Redundancy steals the sharpness and freshness from our sentences and turns them into long, boring lines.

Mastering Hindi the fun way!

Here are a few examples of common mistakes that are made while learning Hindi.

Example 1	Hindi Sentence	Literal English Meaning
Wrong Way	मैं तुमसे सोमवार के दिन मिलूंगा Imain Tum Se Somavaar ke DiN miLuungaa.	“I will meet you on the day of Monday.”
Right Way	मैं तुमसे सोमवार को मिलूंगा Imain Tum Se Somavaar ko miLuungaa.	“I will meet you on Monday.”

Example 2	Hindi Sentence	Literal English Meaning
Wrong Way	ट्रेन को आने में दो घंटे का समय लगेगा ItreN ko aaNe men Do ghante kaa Samay Lagegaa.	“The train will arrive in two hours of time.”
Right Way	ट्रेन को आने में दो घंटे लगेंगे ItreN ko aaNe men Do ghante Lagenge.	“The train will arrive in two hours.”

Example 3	Hindi Sentence	Literal English Meaning
Wrong Way	क्या मुझे एक गिलास पीने का पानी मिलेगा?kyaa mujhe ek giLaaS piiNe ka paaNii miLegaa?	“Can I get a glass of drinking water?”
Right Way	क्या मुझे एक गिलास पानी मिलेगा?kyaa mujhe ek giLaaS paaNii miLegaa?	“Can I get a glass of water?”

As you can see, the phrases “the day of,” “of time,” and “drinking” in Examples 1, 2, and 3 respectively, are unnecessary. Removing them from the sentence doesn’t affect the meaning at all. In fact, removing those words helps us construct shorter, cleaner statements.

7. Clever Diacritics

Make no mistake! Hindi diacritics are a total game-changer. They can make you or break you. But what is a diacritic, anyway? Check out our lesson to find more information about the Hindi maatraa.

Assuming that you have a little bit of an idea about the Hindi maatraa, let’s see how missing a seemingly innocent sign here and there can completely distort the meaning of your statement.

सुना (SuNaa) = “Listened” / “Heard” सूना (SuuNaa) = “Feeling empty” / “Deserted”

काम (kaam) = “Work” कम (kam) = “Less” / “Few”

दिन (DiN) = “Day” दीन (DiiN) = “Poor” / “Underprivileged”

सिलना (SiLaNaa) = “To sew” सीलना (SiiLaNaa) = “Damp” / “Soggy”

ओर (or) = “Toward” और (aur) = “And”

As you can see, a slight change in diacritics can greatly change a word’s meaning. Ignorance about the significance of diacritics is another common mistake Hindi-learners make, so watch out for these! 

8. When to Skip the jii Suffix

It’s always okay, and especially important, to add the जी (-jii) suffix when calling an elder person by their name. The one and only condition where using जी (-jii) may do you more harm than good, is when you attach it to your own name.

Yeah, that could leave your Indian friends laughing out loud. It just doesn’t go well with our own names. So, always remember to avoid getting into this pitfall, because it’s a natural mistake that Hindi grammar lessons don’t often talk about!

9. The Local Dialect

Nearly every language can be said to have its own colloquial words. This may include synonyms, regional accents, local dialects, and so on. So, basically, a word can have the same meaning in different dialects, even if each dialect says it quite differently. 

To give you an idea, let’s recall words like “yeah” / “yup” / “ya” which all mean “yes.” Similarly, we also use “buddy” / “bud” / “pal” / “man” / “dude,” all of which mean the same thing.

Likewise, in Hindi, a category of similar words may confuse a beginner. What are these words? Well, here are some examples:

Interchangeable Hindi Words	English Meaning
वह (vah) / वो (vo)	“He” / “She” / “That”
सब (Sab) / सारे (Saare) / सभी (Sabhii)	“All” / “Everyone”
क्यों (kyon) / काहे (kaahe) / किसलिए (kiSLiye)	“Why”
कहाँ (kahaan) / किधर (kidhar)	“Where”

You get the drift, right? It’s not a matter of one phrase being right and the others being wrong. It’s just a matter of preference by the individual or the regional dialect.

How to avoid those oops moments!

10. The Fear of Making Mistakes

You’ve now learned how to improve Hindi mistakes that new learners make, and most of them are quite easy to fix. But what about the biggest mistake? 

Face your fears and don’t be ashamed of your common Hindi grammar mistakes. Have you seen a child falling again and again when trying to walk for the first time? We don’t call their fall a failure or mistake, do we? We take it as part and parcel of learning.

In our mind, we know that it’s practically impossible for him or her to crawl one day and start walking perfectly the next day. The same is true of Hindi language-learning. As long as you’re afraid of making mistakes, you’ll never learn to move forward.

So, instead of acting on the natural tendency to escape, it’s time to master the tips from this article on how to avoid Hindi language mistakes.

11. Overcoming Your Hindi Mistakes with HindiPod101.com

All right! We’ve finally covered all of the common mistakes in learning Hindi and tips on how to avoid them. We hope this lesson has been useful and easy for you to understand.

If you have any doubts or questions, reach out to us at MyTeacher Messenger. All you need to do is download our free mobile app and start learning.

Is there anything we didn’t cover in this article that you want to know about? Share your thoughts with us in the comments below and connect with other learners as well!

Happy Hindi learning!

“What’s up?”

“May I know your name?”

“Oh, how are you?”

These are simple questions that carry the potential to bond two people, and they serve as great conversation starters. Today, you’ll learn and practice similar English-to-Hindi question-answer patterns that are popular in Indian society. These on-the-spot questions to ask in Hindi will help you break the ice and, on some occasions, save you from unnecessary challenges.

Before we start, you may want to get familiar with the most common Hindi question words. We have relevant lessons on our website that you can check out for the question words  “what,” “where,” and “when.” 

Now, there may be a ton of survival interrogative phrases. But let’s be honest: we can’t cram everything into just one lesson. So, here’s the deal. We’ll bring you the ten best conversation questions in Hindi and teach you different ways to answer them.

You’ll also learn the English meaning of each and every Hindi word while practicing the various sentence structures.

Quick Note: As this lesson mainly focuses on the top Hindi questions, we’ll only be explaining each word from the questions, instead of covering both Q&A.

Let’s begin the adventure and check out the ten most popular question sentences in Hindi!

Table of Contents

1. What’s in a name, after all?
2. How do you do?
3. Where are you from?
4. What do you do for a living?
5. Do you speak Hindi?
6. How is everyone in the family?
7. Time, please?
8. Would you like to have something?
9. What’s wrong?
10. How much is it?
11. Ice-Breaking with HindiPod101.com

1. What’s in a name, after all?

Well, a lot. The first personal thing we get to know about someone is his/her name. If it’s your first conversation with this person, then this is certainly one of the good questions to ask a Hindi native.

You’ll not only sweep them off their feet, but you’ll also enjoy the credit of breaking the ice! 

In a nutshell, asking somebody’s name is one of the top Hindi questions you need to know in India. Luckily, doing so isn’t that hard.

So, here we go!

Q.	आपका नाम क्या है? aap kaa Naam kyaa hai?	“What’s your name?”
A.	मेरा नाम मनीषा है। meraa Naam maNiisaa hai.	“My name is Manisha.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	आपका	“your”	aap kaa
Word 2	नाम	“name”	Naam
Word 3	क्या	“what”	kyaa
Word 4	है	“is”	hai

Q.	आपका शुभ नाम क्या है? aap kaa subh Naam kyaa hai?	“What’s your good name?”
A.	मेरा नाम अदित है। meraa Naam aDiT hai.	“My name is Adit.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	आपका	“your”	aap kaa
Word 2	शुभ	“good”	subh
Word 3	नाम	“name”	Naam
Word 4	क्या	“what”	kyaa
Word 5	है	“is”	hai

Voila! You’ve just mastered the very first conversation questions in Hindi! Wasn’t that easy? Based on the patterns of these basic Hindi questions and answers, you can see how your answer should be constructed. All you need to do is insert your name in place of the example name.

2. How do you do?

Okay, how do you show your care and concern for somebody? By asking how they are. This etiquette rule applies all over the world, and India is no exception. Because this is so important for strengthening any relationship, we’ll show you some simple Hindi questions and answers you can expect.

These may be easy questions to ask in Hindi, but they’re also a sureshot way to touch someone’s heart. One simple question, and they may pour out their pain, sadness, joy, or happiness to you in a moment. And an experience like that can make you feel so precious and strengthen your bond with that person.

Q.	कैसे हैं आप? kaiSe hain aap?	“How are you?”
A.	मैं ठीक हूँ। main thiik huun.	“I’m good/okay.”
A.	मैं परेशान हूँ। main paresaaN huun.	“I’m worried.”
A.	मैं ख़ुश हूँ। main khus huun.	“I’m happy.”
A.	मैं नाराज़ / उदास हूँ। main Naaraaz / uDaaS huun.	“I’m upset/sad.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	कैसे	“how”	kaiSe
Word 2	हैं	“are”	hain
Word 3	आप	“you”	aap

Above, we outlined the Hindi questions with answers for a variety of circumstances. This will allow you to become more fluent when using conversational Hindi questions, as you’ll be able to understand (or give) different answers. 

Q.	क्या हाल-चाल हैं? kyaa haaL-caaL hain?	“How do you do?”
A.	बिल्कुल बढ़िया! biLkuL badhiyaa!	“Great!” / “Absolutely fine!”
A.	बकवास! bakavaaS!	“Terrible!”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	क्या	“what”	kyaa
Word 2	हाल-चाल	“well-being”	haaL-caaL
Word 3	हैं	“are”	hain

Here are some of the best Hindi adjectives to help you express the various shades of your moods.

3. Where are you from?

Now, what are some general Hindi questions and answers that you can expect as a foreigner in India? 

Well, our third question is for asking where someone is from.

In this day and age, when the whole world has become a global village, people from all cultures and places can meet each other. In such circumstances, asking about someone’s hometown/country is inevitable.

And given India’s warm and social culture, you’ll find yourself either asking or answering Hindi questions like these often. So, check out these questions and impress the natives with your fluent Hindi.

Q.	आप कहाँ से हैं? aap kahaan Se hain?	“Where are you from?”
A.	मैं भारत से हूँ। main bhaaraT Se huun.	“I’m from India.”
A.	मैं जापान से हूँ। main jaapaaN Se huun.	“I’m from Japan.”
A.	मैं रूस से हूँ। main ruuS Se huun.	“I’m from Russia.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	आप	“you”	aap
Word 2	कहाँ	“where”	kahaan
Word 3	से	“from”	Se
Word 4	हैं	“are”	hain

If you’re located in India or currently living there, people may ask you the same thing, but in a slightly different way.

Q.	आपका घर कहाँ हैं? aap kaa ghar kahaan hai?	“Where do you live?”
A.	मेरा घर लाजपत नगर में है। meraa ghar LaajapaT Nagar men hai.	“I live in Lajpat Nagar.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	आपका	“your”	aap kaa
Word 2	घर	“home”	ghar
Word 3	कहाँ	“where”	kahaan
Word 4	है	“is”	hai

4. What do you do for a living?

Indians are quite upfront and casual when it comes to asking about others’ source of living. What you do and how you explain your work may have a wonderful impression on the locals. So why waste the chance to leave them speechless with your amazing Hindi vocab? 

And while we’re at it, it won’t take long to check out these straight-to-business questions and answers in Hindi!

Q.	आप क्या करते हैं? aap kyaa karaTe hain?	“What do you do?”
A.	मैं टीचर हूँ। main tiicar huun.	“I’m a teacher.”
A.	मैं वक़ील हूँ। main vaqiiL huun.	“I’m a lawyer.”
A.	मैं कलाकार हूँ। main kaLaakaar huun.	“I’m an artist.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	आप	“you”	aap
Word 2	क्या	“what”	kyaa
Word 3	करते	“do”	karaTe
Word 4	हैं	“are”	hain

Q.	आप क्या काम करते हैं? aap kyaa kaam karaTe hain?	“What’s your profession?”
A.	मैं तैराकी सिखाती हूँ। main Tairaakii SikhaaTii huun.	“I teach swimming.”
A.	मैं होटल में मैनेजर हूँ। main hotaL men maiNejar huun.	“I’m a hotel manager.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	आप	“you”	aap
Word 2	क्या	“what”	kyaa
Word 3	काम	“work”	kaam
Word 4	करते	“do”	karaTe
Word 5	हैं	“are”	hain

Yes, having your own business or being in a job does make a difference in Indian society. In fact, if you could grab a government job, you’d be treated as nothing less than a king/queen. However, things are changing and people are becoming more open-minded (though there’s still a long way to go for us Indians).

In your first few meetings, talking about each other’s professions falls under the category of good questions to ask a Hindi speaker. So, if you’re out of ideas, feel free to use such questions for a friendly chat.

Q.	आप व्यापार करते हैं या नौकरी? aap vyaapaar karaTe hain yaa Naukarii?	“Are you in a business or job?”
A.	मेरा ख़ुद का ब्यूटी पार्लर (व्यापार) है। meraa khuD kaa byuutii paarLar (vyaapaar) hai.	“I run my own beauty parlor (business).”
A.	मैं जिम में काम करता हूँ। main jim men kaam karaTaa huun.	“I work at a gym.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	आप	“you”	aap
Word 2	व्यापार	“business”	vyaapaar
Word 3	करते	“do”	karaTe
Word 4	हैं	“are”	hain
Word 5	या	“or”	yaa
Word 6	नौकरी	“job”	Naukarii

5. Do you speak Hindi?

Some of you may be surprised to know that not all Indians speak Hindi. In fact, there are more than twenty local Indian languages spoken in different parts of the country.

The bottom line is that whenever you meet an Indian, it’s better not to assume that they speak Hindi.

Can you speak Hindi?

Here are the basic Hindi questions and answers you can use to ask about someone’s Hindi-speaking abilities or answer about your own. 

Q.	क्या आप हिंदी समझते / बोलते हैं? kyaa aap hiNDii SamajhaTe / boLaTe hain?	“Do you understand/speak Hindi?”
A.	हाँ, मुझे ठीक-ठाक हिंदी आती है। haan, mujhe thiik-thaak hinDii aaTii hai.	“Yeah, my Hindi is alright.”
A.	हाँ, मुझे बहुत अच्छी हिंदी आती है। haan, mujhe bahuT acchii hinDii aaTii hai.	“Yeah, I am quite fluent in Hindi.”
A.	नहीं, मुझे ज़्यादा हिंदी नहीं आती। Nahiin, mujhe zyaaDaa hinDii Nahiin aaTii.	“No, I don’t know much Hindi.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	क्या	“do”	kyaa
Word 2	आप	“you”	aap
Word 3	हिंदी	“Hindi”	hinDii
Word 4	समझते	“understand”	SamajhaTe
Word 5	बोलते	“speak”	boLaTe
Word 6	हैं	“are”	hain

6. How is everyone in the family?

Family holds a special place in every part of the world, and this may be even more true for Indians than for most other people.

How’s your family?

So whenever you bump into a local friend, remember that family is definitely a topic of choice if you need some good questions to ask a Hindi native and melt his or her heart.

Q.	घर में सब कैसे हैं? ghar men Sab kaiSe hain?	“How’s everyone in the family?”
A.	घर में सब ठीक हैं। ghar men Sab thiik hain.	“Everything’s great at home.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	घर	“home” / “family”	ghar
Word 2	में	“in”	men
Word 3	सब	“everyone”	Sab
Word 4	कैसे	“how”	kaiSe
Word 5	हैं	“are”	hain

Q.	और सब ठीक-ठाक है? aur Sab thiik-thaak hai?	“Everything’s well in the family?”
A.	जी, सब अच्छा है। jii, Sab acchaa hai.	“Yeah, everything’s going great!”

Do you know what we call family members in Hindi? Here’s our quick list for family members in India. Have a look!

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	और	“and”	aur
Word 2	सब	“everything”	Sab
Word 3	ठीक-ठाक	“okay”	thiik-thaak
Word 4	है	“is”	hai

7. Time, please?

Isn’t it remarkable to learn so many Hindi question words in just one lesson? Well, don’t worry. We still have plenty of material for you in this guide.

This section is about asking for the time, which is another really important and practical question in Hindi. Before we teach you how to ask a Hindi question about time, you might like to take a sneak-peek at our Tell the Time in Hindi lesson for a more thorough knowledge.

Q.	कितने बज रहे हैं? kiTaNe baj rahe hain?	“What’s the time?”
A.	सुबह के सात बज रहे हैं। Subah ke SaaT baj rahe hain.	“It’s seven in the morning.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	कितने	“what”	kiTaNe
Word 2	बज	“time” / “o’clock”	baj
Word 3	रहे	“happening”	rahe
Word 4	हैं	“are”	hain

Q.	वक़्त क्या हो रहा है? vaqT kyaa ho rahaa hai?	“What’s the time?”
A.	दो बज रहे हैं। Do baj rahe hain.	“It’s two o’clock.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	वक़्त	“time”	vaqT
Word 2	क्या	“what”	kyaa
Word 3	हो रहा	“happening”	ho rahaa
Word 4	है	“is”	hai

8. Would you like to have something?

We all like to treat our guests in the best possible way. Suppose you’re on a date or having lunch with a colleague/friend. Wouldn’t it be marvelous to welcome them with some Hindi greetings?

Hey, would you like to eat with us?

Fortunately, there are many ways to impress people, and you can choose whichever sounds easiest and more apt to you.

Without further ado, here are the most popular Hindi questions and answers when welcoming your guests.

Q.	क्या लेना पसंद करेंगे? kyaa LeNaa paSaND karenge?	“What would you like to have?”
A.	मैं एक कप चाय ले लूँगी। main ek kap caay Le Luungii.	“I’ll have a cup of tea.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	क्या	“what”	kyaa
Word 2	लेना	“take”	LeNaa
Word 3	पसंद	“like”	paSaND
Word 4	करेंगे	“do”	karenge

Q.	कुछ चाहिए? kuch caahiye?	“Do you want something?”
A.	जी, मुझे पानी पीना है। jii, mujhe paaNii piiNaa hai.	“Yeah, I’d like to have some water.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	कुछ	“something”	kuch
Word 2	चाहिए	“want” / “need”	caahiye

Q.	चाय पिएंगे या ठंडा? caay piyenge yaa thandaa?	“Would you have something hot or cold?”
A.	जी, मैं शरबत लूँगा। jii, main sarbaT Luungaa.	“Yeah, I’ll have sherbet.”

Some fresh juice, please?

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	चाय	“tea”	caay
Word 2	पिएंगे	“will drink” / “have drink”	piyenge
Word 3	या	“or”	yaa
Word 4	ठंडा	“cold drink”	thandaa

9. What’s wrong?

Now, you don’t want to miss out on the Hindi phrases you’ll need when something goes wrong!

After all, when sad, all one wants is someone to show that they care. So, if you see that your friend’s feeling low, just asking these simple things may lighten their mood, and they may just share their feelings with you.

Q.	क्या हुआ? kyaa huaa?	“What happened?”
A.	मेरी तबियत ठीक नहीं है। merii TabiyaT thiik Nahiin hai.	“I’m not feeling well.”
A.	नहीं, कुछ नहीं हुआ। Nahiin, kuch Nahiin huaa.	“No, everything’s alright.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	क्या	“what”	kyaa
Word 2	हुआ	“happened”	huaa

Is something wrong?

Q.	कोई बात है क्या? koi baaT hai kyaa?	“Is something wrong?”
A.	मेरा झगड़ा हुआ है। meraa jhagadaa huaa hai.	“I’ve had a fight.”
A.	नहीं, कुछ नहीं हुआ। Nahiin, kuch Nahiin huaa.	“No, everything’s alright.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	कोई	“something”	koi
Word 2	बात	“wrong”	baaT
Word 3	है	“is”	hai
Word 4	क्या	“what”	kyaa

10. How much is it?

Our final section is related to shopping, bargaining, asking prices, and so on. Practice these phrases and grab yourself the best deal in the market by proving your Hindi knowledge.

Q.	इसका दाम क्या है? iS kaa Daam kyaa hai?	“What’s the price of this?”
A.	इसका दाम पचास रुपये है।  iS kaa Daam pacaaS rupaye hai.	“It’s fifty bucks.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	इसका	“its”	iS kaa
Word 2	दाम	“price”	Daam
Word 3	क्या	“what”	kyaa
Word 4	है	“is”	hai

Oh, what’s that?

Q.	ये कितने का है? ye kiTaNe kaa hai?	“How much is this?”
A.	ये सात सौ बीस रुपये का है। ye SaaT Sau biiS rupaye kaa hai.	“It’s seven hundred and twenty rupees.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	ये	“this”	ye
Word 2	कितने	“how much”	kiTaNe
Word 3	का	“of”	kaa
Word 4	है	“is”	hai

11. Ice-Breaking with HindiPod101.com

Finally, we’re at the end of this lesson. By now, you must have become familiar with many different questions in Hindi, the process of asking these questions, and even their proper responses.

But no matter how much you read, it’s just not worth it without regular practice. At HindiPod101.com, we make it possible for you to stay in touch 24/7, even when you’re on the go. All you have to do is download our mobile app and go through the lesson materials whenever possible.

Meanwhile, we’d love to hear from you! Let us know which of these Hindi questions and answers seem easiest to you. You can also make up some new questions on your own and flaunt your Hindi skills to the world!

Got any questions? Feel free to ask us through our Premium PLUS feature MyTeacher, and we’ll get back to you with an answer. Happy learning, guys!

Learning the Hindi language can bring a bundle of benefits into one’s life:

• A more fulfilling social life among native Indians
• A better chance of landing your dream job in India
• Admission into a reputed Indian college or place of higher education

However, in order to attain these benefits, you may have to pass a Hindi proficiency test to show your stuff! 

Not sure where to start? In this article, HindiPod101.com will introduce you to the most widely accepted Hindi language proficiency test: the ILTS TLP (Hindi-061). We’ll explain what this exam is, what you can expect while taking it, and how to make the most of your study time and practice sessions.

Let’s get started.

Table of Contents

1. Why Should You Study for the ILTS TLP (Hindi-061)?
2. An Overview of the ILTS TLP (Hindi-061)
3. Introduction to ILTS Content for Each Section
4. Scoring Scale for the ILTS TLP (Hindi-061)
5. Tips on Preparing for the ILTS TLP (Hindi-061)
6. Cracking the ILTS-Hindi Test with HindiPod101.com

1. Why Should You Study for the ILTS TLP (Hindi-061)?

You can’t use one recipe to cook every meal. Recipes use varying ingredients, require different preparation and cooking methods, and some take far longer to make than others. Well, the same is true of exams: you can’t study the same way for every exam. The more exam-specific your preparation is, the better your odds are of passing it.

The ILTS TLP (Hindi-061) is a proficiency test in Hindi, and it’s pretty serious business!

For those who are already familiar with the name, this article will provide thorough information about the test. And if you’re reading this article, chances are you’ve already made up your mind and plan on taking the test.

So, don’t wait any longer! Let’s check out how to prepare well and pass the ILTS TLP (Hindi-061).

2. An Overview of the ILTS TLP (Hindi-061)

Although there are several exams out there, each Hindi language proficiency test is unique in its own way.

The ILTS TLP (Hindi-061) is a reputed language proficiency test in Hindi, conducted by the Illinois State Board of Education. ILTS TLP stands for the Illinois Certification Testing System – Target Language Proficiency.

• There are three sections in the ILTS TLP (Hindi-061) test. These are Reading, Writing, and Oral.
• Each section consists of Four Constructed-Response Assignments. There are no MCQs (multiple-choice questions) in the test! For a better idea of where to start, check out their official Study Guide for Hindi.
• The ILTS TLP (Hindi-061) is mainly for those who are looking for a job; it serves as a professional certification that can help someone get an entry-level teaching job at Illinois, for example. Your possibilities of being hired or promoted shoot up once you’ve passed the ILTS TLP (Hindi-061) Hindi proficiency test.
• You can register either online (by visiting the Illinois website) or offline, and confirm the schedule for the test. Candidates can also choose test centers in Illinois from the list (the test can only be taken at specific Illinois test centers).

Total Duration	4 Hours
Tutorial Time	15 Minutes
Test Time	3 Hours 45 Minutes
Type of Test	Online
Number of Sub-areas	3
Sub-areas	Reading, Writing, Oral
Types of Questions	Constructed-Response Assignments
Passing Score	240
Test Fee	$122

• As you can see, the ILTS target language proficiency test (Hindi) has a total duration of four hours.
• The first 15 minutes are given for signing the non-disclosure and going through the Tutorial Materials.
• You have to take this Hindi proficiency test online, and in order to pass, you have to get a score of at least 240.

3. Introduction to ILTS Content for Each Section

What can you expect to see in each part of this Hindi language examination? Take a look!

1- Reading Proficiency Section  

The first section tests your Hindi reading proficiency. We’ve broken down this section in the chart below.

Evaluation Criteria (3)	Comprehension, Inference, Analysis
Language	You can give your written response in English, Hindi, or a combination of both.
Types of Topics / Materials	Hindi reading material from a newspaper clip; excerpts from a literary book, magazine, etc.
Task	Write a summary or draw a conclusion based on the reading material.

• The reading material could be picked up from anywhere, including a recent newspaper, any Hindi magazine, a book, etc.
• Your response will be evaluated on three basic criteria.
• Comprehension means that the candidate understands the main idea of the provided Hindi content. The candidate may also be asked the meaning of any specific word from it. All in all, you should be well-versed enough to know the literal meaning of the content.
• Next, you may also be asked to draw a conclusion and analyze your inference.

In this part of the language proficiency test, Hindi and English responses are permitted. Please note that this section focuses on testing your reading skills. Your preferred language doesn’t really matter when it comes to showing your understanding of the context. What matters is whether you’ve got the full meaning correct or not!

2- Writing Proficiency Section

The second section of this Hindi language proficiency exam checks your writing skills. Let’s go through the chart to get an idea of how this is evaluated.

Evaluation Criteria (4)	Purpose, Organization, Vocabulary, Grammar
Language	You must give your written response only in Hindi.
Types of Topics / Materials	An imaginary situation in the English language.
Task	Present your thoughts in a constructive, error-free, and effective manner.

• First of all, unlike the reading section, the writing proficiency test requires that you answer in the Hindi language only.
• In the question sheet, they may give you an imaginary situation—for instance, a social issue—written down in English.
• You have to pay serious attention to everything that you’re about to do in the written section of this Hindi language proficiency test. The purpose of this part is to check if you were able to properly address the specific idea and appropriate audience or not.
• The organization criteria looks at the flow of your writing; your work should be well-sequenced and make sense. 
• The vocabulary will cover colloquial Hindi expressions and test your overall command of them.
• In the end, the Hindi grammar evaluation examines your grammatical errors, such as spelling mistakes, diacritic errors, punctuation mistakes, etc.

3- Oral Proficiency Section

The last section in this ILTS exam is the oral one.

Evaluation Criteria (5)	Purpose, Fluency, Pronunciation, Vocabulary, Grammar
Language	You must give your oral response only in Hindi.
Types of Topics / Materials	An imaginary situation in the English language.
Task	Read the written assignment. You’ll be given two minutes to think about your response. Then, speak for two minutes on tape.

• The question sheet will contain an imaginary situation written in English.
• You have to read all of it carefully. Once you’ve finished reading it, you’ll be given two minutes to think it through, gather your thoughts, and construct your answer. You may also use the provided rough sheet to jot down the key points.
• In the end, two more minutes are provided to record your response on tape. Please remember to start recording only after you’ve been told to do so.
• The purpose is to check your ability to address the exact topic in an accurate manner. This section of the Hindi language proficiency test will evaluate your sense of understanding.
• In addition, the oral section also tests your fluency in the Hindi language and the clarity of your Hindi pronunciation. Candidates need to be articulate and show their rich vocabulary while speaking.

4. Scoring Scale for the ILTS TLP (Hindi-061)

The ILTS language proficiency test for Hindi contains four constructed-response assignments. So, based on your response, the scoring is done on four different levels. What are these score points and what does each one indicate? Let’s find out!

Score	Meaning
4	Excellent knowledge
3	Adequate command
2	Limited command
1	Lack of command
U	Unscorable for various possible reasons
B	No response to the assignment

4 – If a candidate shows an excellent command over the language, then he/she gets 4 points for each assignment, which is the highest score.

3 – 3 points are given when a candidate exhibits adequate knowledge, but there are a few mistakes in comprehension.

2 – A limited knowledge of Hindi, such as using only simple words, not understanding the objective of the assignments, and making frequent grammatical errors leads to a score of 2 points.

1 – 1 is the lowest score. It indicates poor language command and lots of errors in the assignments.

U – Here, “U” means that, for some reason, your assignment is unscorable. ILTS-Hindi is a descriptive test. If you’re not well-prepared, chances are that you’ll miss the exact context of the assignment and respond with an answer completely unrelated to the topic. Moreover, responding in a language other than Hindi results in getting a “U.”

B – In case no response has been given to an assignment, the candidate will get a “B.”

5. Tips on Preparing for the ILTS TLP (Hindi-061)

Before you attempt this Hindi language proficiency test online, how about we take your prep up a notch with these practical tips?

• Read as many books, newspapers, or magazines in Hindi as possible. It’s even better if you read them aloud to practice speaking like a native.
• Fluency comes when you start thinking in your target language. We’d recommend that you not only speak or write, but also think, in Hindi. This language-learning strategy will make your reflexes faster and flawless.
• Practice with a native friend. If that’s not possible, though, don’t worry. You can count on us, as our MyTeacher  program will help you in more ways than you can imagine.
• The ILTS website also provides sample papers to give you an idea about the sort of questions they’ll be asking. You can also check out official ILTS Preparation Materials.
• While practicing at home, make sure to set a timer and finish your mock exam within the assigned duration.
• The more sample tests you successfully complete, the better your performance on the real test will be. This will also boost your confidence! 
• Read the test guidelines thoroughly. Before attempting the exam, skim through all the questions as fast as possible. 

Remember that you only have the choice of using English in the reading section; you must use Hindi for the other sections. More-detailed info on the do’s and don’ts for this exam is available on this Testing Policies link.

6. Cracking the ILTS-Hindi Test with HindiPod101.com

Nothing is impossible once you’ve set your mind to it. Download the Hindi Learning App and get a head start toward your goals with our brilliant and comprehensive vocabulary section.

At HindiPod101.com, we always do our best to provide you with everything you need. Our always-accessible Hindi-English online dictionary can sharpen your language skills and provide you with endless preparation resources.

If you follow our tips and practice thoroughly, passing the ILTS Hindi language proficiency test online will be a piece of cake! 🙂

Is there anything you still want to know about this test? If so, drop us a comment below and we’ll do our best to help you out.

We wish you all the best for your success!

Today’s lesson is about the ten most popular Hindi sentence patterns that Indians use on a daily basis. For each sentence category, we’ll provide both simple and more complex Hindi sentence structure examples.

Learning these basic Hindi sentence patterns will not only give you an edge over others, but also help you craft many more useful sentences so you can talk like a pro!

The best thing about this lesson is that even if you’re a beginner, you can understand the examples without much trouble, and gradually use every Hindi sentence pattern to practice your day-to-day conversational skills.

So, what are you waiting for? Let’s get started. 🙂

Table of Contents

1. Sentences Linking Two Nouns
2. Sentences with Adjectives
3. Sentences to Express Desire
4. Sentences to Express Needs
5. Sentences to Express Your Likes
6. Sentences to Express Requests
7. Sentences for Seeking Permission
8. Asking the “What” Questions
9. Asking About the Time
10. Asking About the Location
11. How to Get the Most Out of HindiPod101.com

1. Sentences Linking Two Nouns

Our first Hindi sentence pattern is used to link two nouns together. For instance, who is what, what is whose, who gave you what, and so on! 

How do you do that? Well, as far as the subjects are concerned, this simple Hindi sentence pattern is very similar to its English counterpart. In simpler words, the main subject is always at the beginning of the sentence.

If you’re completely new to the concept of Hindi sentence structure and sentence patterns, then you can start to figure it all out with our lesson on Hindi Conjugations. 

दीपक मेरा भाई है।Diipak meraa bhaaii hai.

“Deepak is my brother.”

मेरी बहन एक रंगमंच कलाकार है।merii bahaN ek rangamaNc kaLaakaar hai.

“My sister is a theater artist.”

यह लैपटॉप मेरे दोस्त का है।yah Laipataup mere DoST kaa hai.

“This is my friend‘s laptop.”

Let’s make it even better and try out some complex Hindi sentence patterns with three nouns. 

मेरी टीचर और मेरी बहन दोनों बचपन की सहेलियां हैं।merii tiicar aur merii bahaN DoNon bacapaN kii SaheLiiyaan hain.

“Both my teacher and my sister are childhood friends.”

यह कार और बाइक मुझे तोहफ़े में मिली हैं।yah kaar aur baaik mujhe Tohafe men miLii hain.

“I got this car and bike as gifts.”

2. Sentences with Adjectives

No matter what languages we speak, it’s hard to imagine our conversations without adjectives. Have you found someone beautiful, tasted delicious Indian food, or wished to buy that blue shirt? Hindi adjectives are the best way to express exactly what you’re talking about.

Feel free to check out our comprehensive article on the Top 100 Hindi Adjectives, and polish your Hindi language sentences!

One useful tip is that the adjective always comes after the related noun. However, if there happens to be an adverb in the sentence, it may disrupt this noun and adjective placement in a few cases.

Here are some examples of how to make a Hindi sentence using adjectives:

तुम बहुत सुंदर हो।Tum bahuT SunDar ho.

“You are beautiful.”

ये सब्ज़ी स्वादिष्ट है।yah Sabzii SvaaDist hai.

“This curry is delicious.”

जूस बहुत ठंडा है।juuS bahuT thaNdaa hai.

“The juice is quite chilled.”

मेरे कमरे की दीवार नीली है और दरवाज़ा भूरे रंग का है। mere kamare kii Diivaar NiiLii hai aur Daravaazaa bhuure rang kaa hai.

“The walls in my room are blue and the door is brown.”

यह उपन्यास डरावना भी है और दिलचस्प भी।yah upaNyaaS daraavaNaa bhii hai aur DiLacaSp bhii.

“This novel is scary and interesting at the same time.”

3. Sentences to Express Desire

Desires are like water bubbles in the human heart. Each moment brings a new wish. Well, not every wish can be fulfilled, but with the right Hindi sentences, there’s no stopping us from expressing them.

Whether you’re craving a cup of coffee or dying to have that chat over the phone with your friends, the examples below will give you a fair idea of how to let someone know.

मुझे एक कप चाय चाहिए।mujhe ek kap caay caahiye.

“I want a cup of tea.”

मेरा आराम करने का मन है।meraa aaraam karaNe kaa maN hai.

“I want to get some rest.”

ललिता आपसे कुछ पूछना चाहती है।LaLiTaa aap Se kuch puuchaNaa caahaTii hai.

“Lalita wants to ask you something.”

It’s time to up your game and practice these complicated Hindi sentence patterns now.

मैं चाहती हूँ कि तुम ख़ूब मेहनत करो और जीवन में तरक़्क़ी करो।main caahaTii huun ki Tum khuub mehaNaT karo aur jiivaN men Taraqqii karo.

“I want you to work really hard and progress in life.”

सरिता सिर्फ़ यह जानना चाहती है कि क्या उसे यहाँ नौकरी मिल सकती है?SariTaa Sirf yah jaaNaNaa caahaTii hai ki kyaa uSe yahaan Naukrii miL SakaTii hai?

“Sarita just wants to know if she could get a job here?”

4. Sentences to Express Needs

Sometimes, things are urgent and you really have to get them done. In these situations, you may need to let others know about these necessities or top-priority tasks! 

Most of these Hindi sentence patterns use infinitive verb forms at the end of the sentence. Here are some relevant Hindi sentence structure examples:

मुझे घर जाना है।mujhe ghar jaaNaa hai.

“I have to go home.”

मुझे दवा खानी है।mujhe Davaa khaaNii hai.

“I have to take medicine.”

मुझे एक छाता चाहिए।mujhe ek chaaTaa caahiye.

“I need an umbrella.”

In addition to the basic Hindi sentence patterns, it’s also important to practice the more complex sentences. Because, let’s face it, you’ll need them at one point or another.

मुझे कल सुबह चार बजे किसी भी हाल में हवाई अड्डे पहुँचना होगा।mujhe kaL Subah caar baje kiSii bhii haaL men havaaii adde pahuncaNaa hogaa.

“I need to reach the airport tomorrow by four a.m.”

आपको दिन में दो बार खुली हवा में सैर करना चाहिए।aap ko DiN men Do baar khuLii havaa men Sair karaNaa caaahiye.

“You should go for a walk in the fresh air twice a day.”

5. Sentences to Express Your Likes

Next in our list of Hindi sentence patterns are the phrases you can use to talk about your likes and preferences. These may include your hobbies, favorite movies, or way of living.

We’ve included a few Hindi sentence examples to make it really simple and easy to understand. As you can see, even beginners can practice them and learn how to form sentences in Hindi.

मुझे खाना बनाना पसंद है।mujhe khaaNaa baNaaNaa paSaND hai.

“I like to cook.”

तुम्हें किताबें पढ़ने का शौक़ है।Tumhen kiTaaben padhaNe kaa sauq hai.

“You like to read books.”

मुझे शतरंज खेलना पसंद है।mujhe saTaraNj kheLaNaa paSaND hai.

“I like to play chess.”

सीमा को सर्दी के मौसम में जल्दी उठ कर दौड़ लगाना अच्छा लगता है।Siimaa ko SarDii ke mauSam men jaLDii uth kar Daud LagaaNaa acchaa LagaTaa hai.

“In the winter season, Seema likes to get up early and go running.”

फ़ैज़ को शाम में दोस्तों के साथ समय बिताना बेहद पसंद है। faiz ko saam men DoSTon ke SaaTH Samay biTaaNaa behaD paSaND hai.

“Faiz loves to spend some time in the evening with his friends.”

6. Sentences to Express Requests

Another essential Hindi sentence pattern is that for expressing requests. Whether in the office, or another public place like a restaurant or hospital, a gentle request can take you a long way.

Let’s see the most common Hindi sentence pattern for making requests in Hindi and winning people’s hearts.

कृपया बैठ जाइये।kripayaa baith jaaiye.

“Please, take your seat.”

कृपया शांति बनाये रखें।kripayaa saaNTi baNaaye rakhen.

“Please, maintain silence.”

कृपया ध्यान से सुनें।kripayaa DHyaaN Se SuNen.

“Please, listen carefully.”

कृपया लाइन में खड़े होकर शांतिपूर्वक अपनी बारी का इंतज़ार करें।kripayaa LaaiN men khade hokar saaNTipuurvak apaNii baarii kaa iNTazaar karen.

“Kindly, stand in line and wait for your turn.”

कृपया मुझे मेज़ पर रखी वो काले रंग की किताब उठाकर दें। kripayaa mujhe mez par rakhii vo kaaLe rang kii kiTaab uthaakar Den.

“Please, pass me that black book kept on the table.”

As you can see, the magic word “please,” or कृपया (kripayaa) in Hindi, gets the job done in each example. Moreover, grammatically, these basic Hindi sentence patterns for making requests also use plural verb forms, regardless of whether the noun is singular or plural. 

7. Sentences for Seeking Permission

Courtesy is an inseparable aspect of humankind; the last thing we wish to do is offend someone. To avoid any such situations, it’s important that you learn an appropriate way to ask for permission!

The most commonly used Hindi phrases for “can” or “may” are: सकता हूँ (SakaTaa huun), सकती हूँ (SakaTii huun), and सकते हैं (SakaTe hain).

Here are some examples of useful Hindi sentence constructions for asking permission:

क्या मैं अंदर आ सकता हूँ / सकती हूँ?kyaa main aNDar aa SakaTaa huun / SakaTii huun?

“May I come in?”

क्या मुझे पीने का पानी मिल सकता है?kyaa mujhe piiNe kaa paaNii miL SakaTaa hai?

“Can I get some water?”

क्या मैं आपका शुभ नाम जान सकता / सकती हूँ?kyaa main aapakaa subh Naam jaaN SakaTaa / SakaTii huun?

“May I know your good name, please?”

क्या मैं भी आपके साथ लखनऊ में होने वाला पुस्तक मेला देखने चल सकता / सकती हूँ?kyaa main bhii aapake SaaTH LakhaNauu men hoNe vaaLaa puSTak meLaa DekhaNe caL SakaTaa / SakaTii huun?

“Can I come with you to the book fair going on in Lucknow?”

क्या हम सब स्कूल की तरफ़ से बैडमिंटन प्रतियोगिता में भाग ले सकते हैं?kyaa ham Sab SkuuL kii Taraf Se baidamiNtaN praTiyogiTaa men bhaag Le SakaTe hain?

“Can we participate in the badminton tournament from the school side?”

8. Asking the “What” Questions

There are many types of questions people ask each other on a daily basis. We’ll start with the Hindi sentence pattern for asking simple “what” questions.

In Hindi, “what” is क्या (kyaa). When we’re asking about a thing or for information, क्या (kyaa) comes right before the helping verb or the main verb. But of course, there can be exceptions.

यह क्या है?yah kyaa hai?

“What is this?”

आपका नाम क्या है?aapakaa Naam kyaa hai?

“What is your name?”

बॉस ने क्या कहा?baauS Ne kyaa kahaa?

“What did the boss say?”

इस लिपस्टिक का दाम क्या है?iS LipaStik kaa Daam kyaa hai?

“What is the price of this lipstick?”

हमने कल जो बिरयानी खायी थी उसका नाम क्या था? hamaNe kaL jo birayaaNii khaayii THii uSakaa Naam kyaa THaa?

“What was the name of that biryani we had yesterday?”

9. Asking About the Time

After “what” comes “when” (i.e. asking about when a particular event, arrival, or departure will happen). In Hindi, “when” is कब (kab) or कितने बजे (kiTaNe baje).

Just like “what” in the Hindi sentences above, the interrogative word “when” comes at the beginning in English, but is placed just before the verb or helping verb in Hindi.

आप कब फ़्री हैं?aap kab frii hain?

“When are you free?”

मीटिंग कब है?miiting kab hai?

“When is the meeting?”

बस कब आएगी?baS kab aayegii?

“When will the bus arrive?”

कंपनी को जो प्रॉजेक्ट मिला है वो कब शुरू होगा?kampaNii ko jo praujekt miLaa hai vo kab suruu hogaa?

“When will the project that our company grabbed start?”

दिवाली की पूजा कितने बजे शुरू होगी?DivaaLii kii puujaa kiTaNe baje suruu hogii?

“At what time will the Diwali puja begin?”

10. Asking About the Location

The last type of Hindi sentence pattern we’ll look at is used to ask “where” things are happening. In Hindi, “where” can be loosely translated in many ways. Some of the common phrases are कहाँ (kahaan), किस तरफ़ (kiS Taraf), and किधर (kiDHar).

तुम अभी कहाँ हो?Tum abhii kahaan ho?

“Where are you right now?”

ये होटल किस तरफ़ है?ye hotaL kiS Taraf hai?

“Where is this hotel?”

लिफ़्ट किधर है?Lift kiDHar hai?

“Where is the elevator?”

आप जो दुकान बता रहे थे वो किधर है?aap jo DukaaN baTaa rahe THe vo kiDHar hai?

“Where is that shop you were talking about?”

दिल्ली में थोक बाज़ार कहाँ पर है?DiLLii men THok baazaar kahaan par hai?

“Where is the wholesale market in Delhi?”

11. How to Get the Most Out of HindiPod101.com

So, with this, we come to the end of our lesson on ten of the most useful Hindi sentence structures and sentence patterns. It wasn’t that difficult after all, right?

The key strategy is to take one step at a time. For instance, if you want to learn how to make a request in Hindi, just focus on those particular Hindi sentence patterns and master them. Once you’re confident with those, move on to the next category.

This lesson is designed for beginners. So, if you have any doubts or issues, now is the time to get rid of them. Share your issues with us in the comments below at HindiPod101.com, and we’ll do our best to resolve them for you. Meanwhile, you may also find our Hindi-English online dictionary to be quite helpful as you start your Hindi learning journey.

Even intermediate-level learners can enjoy and learn so much more from our world-class learning materials. So, have fun and keep learning!

Do you like to read daily or occasionally? Sit quietly or sing loudly! Oh! Did we just use an adverb of frequency in the first sentence? 

Okay, enough dancing around the trees. You guessed it right! Today, we’ll be introducing you to the concept and meaning of the adverb in Hindi.

In the English language, adjectives are known to specify the quality of nouns and pronouns, while adverbs may describe the quality of a verb, adjective, or another adverb.

But there’s a slight difference for adverbs in Hindi. While adjectives tell us the quality of nouns and pronouns, an adverb in Hindi grammar modifies only the verb regardless of its placement in the sentence.

Before we continue, we recommend that you check out our amazing article on “Hindi Adjectives.” Not only will this polish your vocabulary, but it will also empower you with a greater understanding of grammatical concepts and many practical example sentences.

Coming back to our current topic, spotting an adverb is easy. More often than not, in Hindi grammar, adverbs come right before the verb. That means the adverb is immediately followed by the related verb. However, this doesn’t hold true in all cases.To be honest, there’s no specific pattern for forming adverbs in Hindi, such as adding a prefix or suffix. Each adverb in Hindi is completely different from each other adverb. So, basically, you’ll have to learn and memorize them. And what could give you a better head start than our rich and versatile vocabulary list?

Table of Contents

1. What are Adverbs in Hindi?
2. Types of Adverbs in Hindi
3. Adverbs of Time
4. Adverbs of Frequency
5. Adverbs of Place
6. Adverbs of Manner
7. Adverbs of Degree
8. Interrogative Adverbs
9. What are Adverb Clauses?
10. Placement of Adverbs in a Sentence
11. Conclusion

1. What are Adverbs in Hindi?

So, the first thing we’ll look at is what an adverb is in Hindi. In literal terms, the meaning of “adverb” in Hindi is क्रिया विशेषण (kriyaa visesan).

क्रिया (kriyaa) refers to a verb. Hence, a word which tell us the quality of verbs is known as क्रिया विशेषण (kriyaa visesan), or “adverb.”

Mind you that Indians are really expressive folks and love to paint their conversations with all sorts of adverbs. Being fluent in your use of the adverb in Hindi will give you a native feel and bring you closer to the local people. Thus, with this article, we’ll give you 100+ adverb examples in Hindi.

2. Types of Adverbs in Hindi

Now that you know the meaning of adverbs and the basic difference between adjectives and adverbs in Hindi, let’s look at the main types of adverb in Hindi.

• Adverbs of Time
• Adverbs of Frequency
• Adverbs of Place
• Adverbs of Manner
• Adverbs of Degree
• Interrogative Adverbs

These are the most fundamental types of adverb in Hindi, and we’ll be discussing each of them in the respective sub-headings below.

3. Adverbs of Time

To begin our Hindi adverbs list, let’s look at the adverb of time in Hindi. As the name indicates, these adverb words in Hindi tell us about when an action happened or happens. In the chart below, we’ve covered some of the most popular adverbs of time in Hindi and will show you how to use them in sentences.

1.

आज (aaj)

“Today”

कुनाल आज वापस जा रहा है। kuNaaL aaj vaapaS jaa rahaa hai. “Kunal is going back today.”

2.

हमेशा के लिए (hamesaa ke Liye)

“Forever”

मैं हमेशा के लिए तुम्हारे साथ रहना चाहती हूँ।  main hamesaa ke Liye Tumhaare SaaTH rahaNaa caahaTii huun. “I want to live with you forever.”

3.

समय के साथ (Samay ke SaaTH)

“Gradually” (Over time)

समय के साथ दोनों अच्छे दोस्त बन गए।  Samay ke SaaTH DoNon acche DoST baN gaye. “Gradually, they became good friends.”

4.

एक बार (ek baar)

“Once”

मैं एक बार लखनऊ गयी हूँ।  main ek baar LakhaNauu gayii huun. “I have been to Lucknow once.”

5.

दो बार (Do baar)

“Twice”

दादी को ये दवा दिन में दो बार लेनी है।  DaaDii ko ye Davaa DiN men Do baar LeNii hai. “Grandma has to take this medicine twice a day.”

6.

तीन बार (TiiN baar)

“Thrice”

उसने तीन बार मेरा फ़ोन काटा था।  uS Ne TiiN baar meraa foN kaataa THaa. “He hung up my call thrice.”

7.

कल / पिछले दिन (kaL) / (pichaLe DiN)

“Yesterday”

हमें वहाँ कल पहुंचना था। hamen vahaan kaL pahuncNaa THaa. “We had to reach there yesterday.”

8.

कल / अगले दिन (kaL) / (agaLe DiN)

“Tomorrow”

दीपा कल नहीं आएगी। Diipaa kaL Nahiin aayegii. “Deepa will not come tomorrow.”

9.

परसों (paraSon)

“A day before / after yesterday”

सबने परसों मिलने का प्लान बनाया है। Sab Ne paraSon miLaNe ka pLaaN baNaayaa hai. “Everyone has planned to meet the day after tomorrow.”

10.

पिछले साल (pichaLe SaaL)

“Last year”

वो हादसा पिछले साल हुआ था। vo haaDaSaa pichaLe SaaL huaa THaa. “That terrible accident happened last year.”

11.

पिछले हफ़्ते (pichaLe hafTe)

“Last week”

उमा पिछले हफ़्ते से बीमार है। umaa pichaLe hafTe Se biimaar hai. “Uma has been ill since last week.”

12.

जल्दी (jaLDii)

“Soon”

हम जल्दी कोई रास्ता निकाल लेंगे। ham jaLDii koii raaSTaa NikaaL Lenge. “We would soon find a way.”

13.

देर से (Der Se)

“Late”

देर से आने के लिए माफ़ी चाहता हूँ। Der Se aaNe ke Liye maafii caahaTaa huun. “I apologize for coming late.”

14.

सबसे पहले (Sab Se pehLe)

“Firstly”

हमने सबसे पहले चाय पी। hamaNe Sab Se pahaLe caay pii. “Firstly, we had tea.”

15.

शुरुआत में (suruaaT men)

“Initially”

शुरुआत में तो सब कुछ ठीक चल रहा था।  suruaaT men To Sab kuch thiik caL rahaa THaa. “Initially, everything was going fine.”

16.

अभी (abhii)

“Right now”

शिवम अभी कहाँ मिलेगा ? sivam abhii kahaan miLegaa. “Where can I find Shivam right now?”

17.

अगली बार  (agaLii baar)

“Next time”

मैं आपको अगली बार लेने ज़रूर आऊंगा।  main aapako agaLii baar LeNe zaruur aauungaa. “I will surely come to pick you up next time.”

18.

तुरंत (TuranT)

“Immediately”

डॉक्टर ने दादाजी को तुरंत अस्पताल में भर्ती कर लिया। dauktar Ne DaaDaajii ko TuranT aSpaTaaL men bharTii kar Liyaa. “The doctor immediately admitted Grandpa into the hospital.”

19.

अभी तक (abhii Tak)

“Yet”

मेहमान अभी तक नहीं आये हैं। mehamaaN abhii Tak Nahiin aaye hain. “The guests have not yet arrived.”

20.

आज रात (aaj raaT)

“Tonight”

हम सब आज रात शादी में जा रहे हैं। ham Sab aaj raaT saaDii men jaa rahe hain. “We are going to a wedding tonight.”

21.

कल रात (kaL raaT)

“Last night”

मैं कल रात पढ़ रहा था। main kaL raaT padh rahaa THaa. “I was studying last night.”

22.

कल सुबह (kaL Subah)

“Tomorrow morning”

लीला कल सुबह लौटेगी। LiiLaa kaL Subah Lautegii. “Leela will return tomorrow morning.”

23.

पहले ही (pahaLe hii)

“Already”

बच्चे पहले ही सो चुके हैं। bacce pahaLe hii So cuke hain. “The kids are already asleep.”

24.

आजकल (aajakaL)

“Currently” / “Nowadays”

रोहन आजकल काफ़ी चुप रहता है। rohaN aajakaL kaafii cup rahaTaa hai. “Rohan is really quiet nowadays.”

25.

बिलकुल अभी (biLkuL abhii)

“Just now”

मैच बिलकुल अभी शुरू हुआ है। maic biLkuL abhii suru huaa hai. “The match has just now started.”

4. Adverbs of Frequency

After time adverbs, another significant type is the adverb of frequency in Hindi. The term is self-explanatory. These adverbs tell us the frequency with which an action takes place, whether that be daily, weekly, or never.

26.

कभी नहीं (kabhii Nahiin)

“Never”

मैं ये बात कभी नहीं भूलूंगा। main ye baaT kabhii Nahiin bhuuLuungaa. “I will never forget this.”

27.

कभी-कभी (kabhii-kabhii)

“Sometimes”

तुम कभी-कभी मिलने भी आ जाया करो। Tum kabhii-kabhii miLaNe bhii aa jaayaa karo. “You should come and visit us sometimes.”

28.

बहुत कम (bahuT kam)

“Rarely”

यहाँ बारिश बहुत कम होती है। yahaan baaris bahuT kam hoTii hai. “It rarely rains here.”

29.

आमतौर पर / अमूमन (aamaTaur par) / (amuumaN)

“Usually”

मैं आमतौर पर शाकाहारी भोजन खाना पसंद करता हूँ। main aamaTaur par saakaahaarii bhojaN khaaNaa paSanD karaTaa huun. “I usually like to have vegetarian meals.”

30.

अक़्सर (aqSar)

“Often”

सुनील अक़्सर बीमार हो जाता है। SuNiiL aqSar biimaar ho jaaTaa hai. “Sunil often falls ill.”

31.

लगातार (LagaaTaar)

“Consistently”

भारतीय टीम लगातार अच्छा प्रदर्शन कर रही है। bhaaraTiy tiim LagaaTaar acchaa praDarsaN kar rahii hai. “The Indian team is consistently performing well.”

32.

हमेशा (hamesaa)

“Always”

ये लिफ़्ट हमेशा ख़राब रहती है। ye Lift hamesaa kharaab rahaTii hai. “This lift is always out of order.”

33.

हर वक़्त / हर समय (har vaqT) / (har Samay)

“All the time”

बच्चे हर वक़्त शोर करते रहते हैं।  bacce har vaqT sor karaTe rahaTe hain. “The kids make noise all the time.”

34.

हर दिन (har DiN)

“Every day”

टीचर हर दिन स्कूल आती हैं। tiicar har DiN SkuuL aaTii hain. “The teacher comes to school every day.”

35.

हर हफ़्ते (har hafTe)

“Every week”

हम हर हफ़्ते सब्ज़ी ख़रीदते हैं। ham har hafTe Sabzii khariiDaTe hain. “We buy vegetables every week.”

36.

हर महीने (har mahiiNe)

“Every month”

मैं हर महीने पुस्तकालय जाती हूँ। main har mahiiNe puSTakaaLay jaaTii huun. “I go to the library every month.”

37.

हर साल (har SaaL)

“Every year”

हम हर साल घूमने जाते हैं। ham har SaaL ghuumaNe jaaTe hain. “We go on a trip every year.”

5. Adverbs of Place

You know, it’s not just enough to know the difference between adjectives and adverbs in Hindi. When it comes to adverbs of place, it’s natural to get confused between adverbs and prepositions, too!

So, what’s the mantra? Well, it all boils down to this. A preposition will always need an object to count on, whereas this is not the case with adverbs of place. The adverbs do not depend on an object to form a complete sentence.

Let’s check out the most useful adverbs of place and learn their usage in a sentence.

38.

यहाँ / इधर (yahaan) / (iDHar)

“Here”

कृपया, यहाँ आइये। kripayaa, yahaan aaiye. “Please, come here.”

39.

वहां / उधर (vahaan) / (uDHar)

“There”

सभी प्रतियोगी उधर बैठे हैं। Sabhii praTiyogii uDHar baithe hain. “All the contestants are sitting there.”

40.

इस तरफ़ (iS Taraf)

“This side”

तुम इस तरफ़ आ सकते हो। Tum iS Taraf aa SakaTe ho. “You can come to this side.”

41.

उस तरफ़ (uS Taraf)

“That side”

उस तरफ़ मत देखो। uS Taraf maT Dekho. “Don’t look to that side.”

42.

हर जगह (har jagah)

“Everywhere”

तुम्हें शाहरुख़ के प्रशंसक हर जगह मिल जायेंगे। Tumhen saaharukh ke prasaNSak har jagah miL jaayenge. “You can find the Shahrukh fans everywhere.”

43.

अंदर (anDar)

“Inside”

मरीज़ को अंदर भेजिए। mariiz ko aNDar bhejiye. “Send the patient inside.”

44.

बाहर (baahar)

“Outside”

डाकिया बाहर इंतज़ार कर रहा है। daakiyaa baahar iNTazaar kar rahaa hai. “The postman is waiting outside.”

45.

ऊपर (uupar)

“Up”

आप सब कृपया ऊपर देखिये। aap Sab kripayaa uupar Dekhiye. “All of you, please look up.”

46.

नीचे (Niice)

“Down”

कैलेंडर नीचे गिर गया। kaiLendar Niice gir gayaa. “The calendar fell down.”

47.

दूर (Duur)

“Away”

मैं यहाँ से दूर जाना चाहती हूँ। main yahaan Se Duur jaaNaa caahaTii hunn. “I want to go away from here.”

48.

पास (paaS)

“Near”

आग के पास मत जाना। aag ke paaS maT jaaNaa. “Don’t go near the fire.”

49.

ऊपरी मंज़िल (uuparii maNziL)

“Upstairs”

दादाजी ऊपरी मंज़िल पर आराम कर रहे हैं। DaaDaajii uuparii manziL par aaraam kar rahe hain. “Grandpa is resting upstairs.”

50.

निचली मंज़िल  (NicaLii maNziL)

“Downstairs”

पिताजी निचली मंज़िल पर खाना बना रहे हैं। piTaajii NicaLii manziL par khaaNaa baNaa rahe hain. “Father is cooking downstairs.”

51.

विदेश (viDes)

“Abroad”

क्या आप विदेश जाना चाहेंगे? kyaa aap viDes jaaNaa caahenge? “Would you like to go abroad?”

52.

शहर के बाहर (sehar ke baahar)

“Out of station”

माँ किसी काम से शहर के बाहर गयी हैं। maan kiSii kaam Se sahar ke baahar gayii hain. “Mom is out of station (on vacation) from work.”

53.

आस-पास (aaS-paaS)

“Around”

हमें दुकान के आस-पास ही रुकना है। hamen DukaaN ke aaS-paaS hii rukaNaa hai. “We have to stay around the shop.”

54.

कहीं भी (kahiin bhii)

“Anywhere”

आप मुझसे कहीं भी मिल सकते हैं।  aap mujh Se kahiin bhii miL SakaTe hain. “You can meet me anywhere.”

55.

दायें (Daayen)

“Right”

कार दाएं घूम गयी। kaar Daayen ghuum gayii. “The car turned right.”

56.

बाएं (baayen)

“Left”

सड़क पर बाएं चलो। Sadak par baayen caLo. “Walk left on the road.”

57.

सामने (SaamaNe)

“In front of”

वो मेरे सामने झगड़ रहे थे। vo mere SaamaNe jhagad rahe THe. “They were fighting in front of me.”

58.

पीछे (piiche)

“Behind”

सीमा रेस में पीछे रह गयी। Siimaa reS men piiche rah gayii. “Seema was left behind in the race.”

59.

आगे की ओर (aage kii or)

“Forward”

दो क़दम आगे की ओर आओ।  Do kaDam aage kii or aao. “Take two steps forward.”

60.

पीछे की ओर (piiche kii or)

“Backward”

तुम्हें पीछे की ओर जाना था। Tumhen piiche kii or jaaNaa THaa. “You had to go backward.”

6. Adverbs of Manner

Adverbs of manner are the words which show us how an action happened. Whether you touched the flower gently or entered the house haphazardly! Such types of clarity are brought to us by the adverb of manner in Hindi. So, are you ready to dive in? Let’s get going, because this is yet another very useful type of adverb in Hindi.

61.

धीरे (DHiire)

“Slowly”

पंखा धीरे चल रहा था। pankhaa DHiire caL rahaa THaa. “The fan was moving slowly.”

62.

जल्दी से (jaLDii Se)

“Quickly”

जली हुई जगह पे जल्दी से बर्फ़ रख दो। jaLii huii jagah pe jaLDii Se barf rakh Do. “Put some ice quickly on the burned area.”

63.

चालाकी से (caaLaakii Se)

“Cleverly”

दिनेश चालाकी से आगे की सीट पर बैठ गया। DiNes caaLaakii Se aage kii Siit par baith gayaa. “Dinesh cleverly took the front seat.”

64.

जानबूझ कर (jaaN buujh kar)

“Willfully”

रोहन ने जानबूझ कर ये बात छिपाई। rohaN Ne jaaN buujh kar ye baaT chipaayii. “Rohan willfully kept it a secret.”

65.

कुशलता से (kusaLTaa Se)

“Skillfully”

पायलट ने बड़ी कुशलता से हवाई जहाज़ को ज़मीन पर उतारा। paayaLat Ne badii kusaLaTaa Se havaai jahaaz ko zamiiN par uTaaraa. “The pilot landed the plane skillfully.”

66.

दो टूक (Do tuuk)

“Bluntly”

इंटरव्यू में अधिकारी ने दो टूक तरीक़े से बात की। iNtarvyuu men aDHikaari Ne Do tuuk Tariiqe Se baaT ki. “The officer talked bluntly during the interview.”

67.

मुख्यतः (mukhyaTah)

“Mainly”

मीटिंग मुख्यतः अगले महीने के सेल्स टारगेट के बारे में रहेगी।  miiting mukhyaTah agaLe mahiiNe ke SeLS taaraget ke baare men rahegii. “The meeting will be mainly about next month’s sales target.”

68.

अचानक (acaaNak)

“Suddenly”

बच्चा अचानक से रोने लगा।  baccaa acaaNak Se roNe Lagaa. “The child started crying suddenly.”

69.

ऊँची आवाज़ में (uuNcii aavaaz men)

“Loudly”

कल रात पड़ोसियों ने बहुत ही ऊँची आवाज़ में गाने बजाये थे।  kaL raat padoSiyon Ne bahuT hii uuncii aavaaz men gaaNe bajaaye THe. “Last night, the neighbors played music loudly.”

70.

आलस में (aaLaS men)

“Lazily”

मुझे रविवार का दिन आलस में बिताना पसंद है।  mujhe ravivaar kaa DiN aaLaS men biTaaNaa paSanD hai. “I like to spend my Sunday lazily.”

71.

किसी भी तरह (kiSii bhii Tarah)

“Anyhow”

आप लोगों को किसी भी तरह ये प्रोजेक्ट पूरा करना है।  aap Logon ko kiSii bhii Tarah ye projekt puuraa karaNaa hai. “You have to complete this project anyhow.”

72.

किसी तरह (kiSii Tarah)

“Somehow”

सुमित ने किसी तरह अपने पिता को मना लिया। SumiT Ne kiSii Tarah apaNe piTaa ko maNaa Liyaa. “Sumit somehow convinced his father.”

73.

बिना ही (biNaa hii)

“Without”

राज कुछ खाये बिना ही मूवी देखने चला गया।  raaj kuch khaaye biNaa hii muuvii DekhaNe caLaa gayaa. “Raj went to the movie without eating anything.”

74.

धीमे से (DHiime Se)

“Gently”

कृपया, इस पौधे को धीमे से वहां रख देना।  kripayaa, iS pauDHe ko DHiime Se vahaan rakh DeNaa. “Please, put this plant there gently.”

75.

ख़ूबसूरती से (khuubaSuuraTi Se)

“Beautifully”

रेखा ने बहुत ही ख़ूबसूरती से उस बात को कहा।  rekhaa Ne bahuT hii khuubaSuuraTii Se uS baaT ko kahaa. “Rekha expressed her thoughts so beautifully.”

76.

नियम से (Niyam Se)

“Regularly”

स्वस्थ रहने के लिए, रोज़ नियम से कसरत करो।  SvaSTH rahaNe ke Liye, roz Niyam Se kaSaraT karo. “Exercise regularly to keep yourself healthy.”

77.

सफ़ाई से (Safaaii Se)

“Neatly”

उन क़ालीनों को सफ़ाई से रख दो।  uN kaaLiiNon ko Safaai Se rakh Do. “Place those mats neatly.”

78.

प्यार से (pyaar Se)

“Lovingly”

टीचर ने बच्ची के चेहरे पर प्यार से हाथ फिराया।  tiicar Ne baccii ke cehare par pyaar Se haaTH phiraayaa. “The teacher caressed the child lovingly.”

79.

बेसब्री से (beSabrii Se)

“Eagerly”

हम सभी बेसब्री से मूवी शुरू होने का इंतज़ार कर रहे थे।  ham Sabhii beSabrii Se muuvii suru hoNe kaa inTazaar kar rahe THe. “We were all waiting eagerly for the movie to start.”

80.

धैर्य से (DHairy Se)

“Patiently”

कृपया, धैर्य से अपनी बारी का इंतज़ार करें। kripayaa, DHairy Se apaNii baarii kaa inTazaar karen. “Please, wait for your turn patiently.”

81.

आराम से (aaraam Se)

“Comfortably”

आराम से बैठ जाइये। aaraam Se baith jaaiye. “Please, sit comfortably.”

82.

अपने आप ही (apaNe aap hii)

“Automatically”

रेडियो अपने आप ही बंद हो गया।  radio apaNe aap hii baND ho gayaa. “The radio stopped working automatically.”

83.

बीच में ही (biic men hii)

“In the middle”

हेमा बातचीत के बीच में ही उठ कर चली गयी।  hemaa baaTaciiT ke biic men hii uth kar caLii gayii. “Hema left in the middle of the conversation.”

84.

समझदारी से (SamajhaDaarii Se)

“Wisely”

कोई भी फ़ैसला लेने से पहले समझदारी से सोच लेना। koii bhii faiSaLaa LeNe Se pahaLe SamajhaDaarii Se Soc LeNaa. “Think wisely before making any decision.”

85.

ध्यान से (DHyaaN Se)

“Carefully”

प्रश्नों को ध्यान से पढ़ें। prasNon ko DHyaaN Se padhen. “Read the questions carefully.”

86.

शांतिपूर्वक (saaNTipuurvak)

“Quietly”

सभी लोग मंदिर में शांतिपूर्वक बैठे थे। Sabhii Log maNDir men saaNTipuurvak baithe THe. “Everyone was sitting quietly in the temple.”

87.

ख़ुशी-ख़ुशी (khusii-khusii)

“Happily”

और फिर वे ख़ुशी ख़ुशी रहने लगे। aur phir ve khusii khusii rahaNe Lage. “And they lived happily ever after.”

88.

आसानी से (aaSaaNii Se)

“Easily”

तुम्हें इंजीनियरिंग कॉलेज में आसानी से दाख़िला मिल जायेगा। Tumhen iNjiiNiyaring kauLej men aaSaaNii Se DaakhiLaa miL jaayegaa. “You can easily get an admission into that engineering college.”

89.

सच में (Sac men)

“Really”

“क्या सीमा सच में शादी कर रही है?” kyaa Siimaa Sac men saaDii kar rahii hai? “Is Seema really getting married?”

90.

वाक़ई में (vaaqaii men)

“Literally”

पुनीत वाक़ई में बेहोश हो गया था। puNiiT vaaqaii men behos ho gayaa THaa. “Punit literally fainted there.”

91.

बुरी तरह से (burii Tarah Se)

“Badly”

यात्री बुरी तरह से घायल थे। yaaTrii burii Tarah Se ghaayaL THe. “The passengers were badly injured.”

92.

अच्छी तरह से  (acchii Tarah Se)

“Well”

सभी सामग्रियों को अच्छी तरह से मिलाएं। Sabhii Saamagriyon ko acchii Tarah Se miLaayen. “Mix all the ingredients well.”

93.

ढंग से (dhang Se)

“Properly”

अपनी लाइनें ढंग से याद करो। apaNii LaaiNen dhang Se yaaD karo. “Rehearse your lines properly.”

94.

साफ़ तौर पर (Saaf Taur par)

“Clearly”

अधिकारियों ने साफ़ तौर पर कुछ नहीं कहा। aDHikaariyon Ne Saaf Taur par kuch Nahiin kahaa. “The officers didn’t say anything clearly.”

95.

एक साथ (ek SaaTH)

“Together”

सभी रिश्तेदार एक साथ खड़े थे।  Sabhii risTeDaar ek SaaTH khade THe. “All the relatives were standing together.”

96.

साथ (SaaTH)

“With”

कल रात फ़िरोज़ दोस्तों के साथ घूम रहा था। kaL raaT firoz DoSTon ke SaaTH ghuum rahaa THaa. “Last night, Firoz was wandering around with his friends.”

97.

अकेले / अकेली  (akeLe / akeLii)

“Alone”

गीता पार्क में अकेली बैठी है। giiTaa paark men akeLii baithii hai. “Geeta is sitting alone in the park.”

7. Adverbs of Degree

Earlier in this article, we covered the adverb of frequency in Hindi. A bit similar to that is another category: adverbs of degree in Hindi. So what’s the difference between the two?

Well, the adverb of degree specifies the extent or amount of the action which is being talked about. The best way to understand this is with the help of our simple and useful Hindi adverbs examples below.

98.

केवल / सिर्फ़ (kevaL) / (Sirf)

“Only”

ये बच्चे सिर्फ़ गाना सुनना चाहते हैं। ye bacce Sirf gaaNaa SuNaNaa caahaTe hain. “These kids only want to listen to music.”

99.

बहुत (bahuT)

“A lot”

तुम अपनी बहन के बारे में बहुत बातें करते हो। Tum apaNii bahaN ke baare men bahuT baaTen karaTe ho. “You talk a lot about your sister.”

100.

कम (kam)

“Little” / “A bit”

जूली भारत के बारे में कम जानती है। juuLii bhaaraT ke baare men kam jaaNaTii hai. “Julie knows little about India.”

101.

ना के बराबर (Naa ke baraabar)

“Barely”

विजय क्लास में ना के बराबर आता है।  vijay kLaaS men Naa ke baraabar aaTaa hai. “Vijay barely comes to the class.”

102.

एक-एक करके (ek-ek karake)

“One by one”

अपनी समस्याओं को एक-एक करके सुलझाओ। apaNii SamaSyaaon ko ek-ek karake SuLajhaao. “Solve your problems one by one.”

103.

थोड़ा-थोड़ा करके (THodaa-THodaa karake)

“Little by little”

मिश्रण में थोड़ा-थोड़ा करके पानी डालो। misran men THodaa-THodaa karake paaNii daaLo. “Add the water little by little in the mixture.”

104.

की बजाय (kii bajaaye)

“Rather” / “Instead of”

तुम अपना वक़्त बर्बाद करने की बजाय पढ़ाई क्यों नहीं कर लेते? Tum apaNaa vaqT barbaaD karaNe kii bajaay padhaaii kyon Nahiin kar LeTe? “Why don’t you study instead of just wasting your time?”

105.

इतना  (iTaNaa)

“So”

देव को अपनी टीचर से इतना लगाव है। Dev ko apaNii tiicar Se iTaNaa Lagaav hai. “Dev is so attached to his teacher.”

106.

काफ़ी  (kaafii)

“Fairly”

प्रश्न पत्र काफ़ी आसान था। prasN paTr kaafii aaSaaN THaa. “The question paper was fairly easy.”

107.

लगभग (Lagabhag)

“Almost”

खाना लगभग तैयार है। khaaNaa Lagabhag Taiyaar hai. “The meal is almost ready!”

108.

ज़रूर (zaruur)

मेरे दोस्त आपसे मिलने ज़रूर आएंगे। mere DoST aap Se miLaNe zaruur aayenge. “My friends will certainly come and meet you.”

मेरे दोस्त आपसे मिलने ज़रूर आएंगे। mere DoST aap Se miLaNe zaruur aayenge. “My friends will certainly come and meet you.”

109.

शायद (saayaD)

“Probably”

आप शायद ग़लत जगह पर बैठ गए हैं।  aap saayaD gaLaT jagah par baith gaye hain. “You are probably sitting in the wrong place.”

110.

बेहद (behaD)

“Quite”

बच्चे सैंटा क्लॉज़ से मिलकर बेहद ख़ुश थे। bacce SaiNtaa kLauz Se miLakar behaD khus THe. “The kids were quite happy to meet Santa Claus.”

111.

बुरी तरह से (burii Tarah Se)

“Terribly”

मैं बुरी तरह से नाराज़ थी। main burii Tarah Se Naaraaz THii. “I was terribly upset.”

112.

“Not at all”

मुझे बुरा बिलकुल भी नहीं लगा। mujhe buraa biLkuL bhii Nahiin Lagaa. “I am not at all angry.”

मुझे बुरा बिलकुल भी नहीं लगा। mujhe buraa biLkuL bhii Nahiin Lagaa. “I am not at all angry.”

113.

पूरी तरह से (puurii Tarah Se)

“Completely”

ये मशीन पूरी तरह से बेकार हो चुकी है। ye masiiN puurii Tarah Se bekaar ho cukii hai. “This machine is completely out of order.”

114.

अंत में / आख़िरकार (aNT men) / (aakhirakaar)

“Finally”

आख़िरकार हमें वो बिल्ली मिल ही गयी।  aakhirakaar hamen vo biLLii miL hii gayii. “We finally found the cat.”

8. Interrogative Adverbs

The human mind is full of reasoning and curiosity. After all, this is what gives rise to the multitude of questions that surround us. When something happens, we naturally want to know why, how, where, and when it happened. Interrogative adverbs are those words which give us the power to pose questions and ask these things about an action.

115.

क्यों (kyon)

“Why”

कुसुम पार्टी में क्यों नहीं आयी थी ?  kuSum paartii men kyon Nahiin aayii THii? “Why did Kusum not come to the party?”

116.

कैसे (kaiSe)

“How”

ये सवाल तुमने कैसे हल किया ?  ye SavaaL Tum Ne kaiSe haL kiyaa? “How did you solve this question?”

117.

कब (kab)

“When”

पिताजी कब उठेंगे ? piTaajii kab uthenge? “When will Father wake up?”

118.

कहाँ (kahaan)

“Where”

चाबियाँ कहाँ रखी हैं ? caabiyaan kahaan rakhii hain? “Where are the keys?”

119.

कितनी देर से (kiTaNii Der Se)

“How long”

यश कितनी देर से सो रहा है? yas kiTaNii Der Se So rahaa hai? “How long has Yash been sleeping?”

120.

कितनी बार (kiTaNii baar)

“How many times”

तुम ने ये मूवी कितनी बार देखी है?  Tum Ne ye muuvii kiTaNii baar Dekhii hai? “How many times have you watched this movie?”

9. What are Adverb Clauses?

Another important term that you may have heard is “adverb clause” in Hindi. In order to become more familiar with it, let’s observe the concept more closely.

Adverb clauses are actually a group of words which specify the answers of interrogative adverbs. In short, this could be an adverb clause of condition in Hindi, an adverb clause of manner in Hindi, and so on.

But how do you recognize an adverb clause in Hindi? Here are some quick tips!

• An adverb clause will never be without a subject and verb.
• Adverb clauses alone can’t give complete meaning to the sentence.
• An adverb clause will always provide a potential answer to an interrogative adverb.

Yeah, this concept sounds a bit tiresome and confusing. But once we go through a few examples, you’ll be amazed at how easy it actually is.

Examples:

• बारिश रुकने के बाद घर जाना। (baaris rukaNe ke baaD ghar jaaNaa.)
  “Go home when the rain stops.”

• जब तुम्हें भूख लगे, तो मुझे बता देना। (jab Tumhen bhuukh Lage, To mujhe baTaa DeNaa.)
  “Let me know whenever you feel hungry.”

• मैं तभी सोऊंगी जब ये फ़िल्म ख़त्म हो जाएगी। (main Tabhii Souungii jab ye fiLm khaTm ho jaayegii.)
  “I will sleep only when this movie is finished.”

• ख़ूब मेहनत करो ताकि तुम ज़िंदगी में आगे बढ़ सको। (khuub mehaNaT karo Taaki Tum zinDagii men aage badh Sako.)
  “Work hard so that you can progress in life.”

• मैं ये कार ख़रीद लूंगी अगर तुम मुझे कुछ पैसे दे दो तो। (main ye kaar khariiD Luungii agar Tum mujhe kuch paiSe De Do To.)
  “I will buy this car if you can lend me some money.”

Wasn’t that simple! Now, let’s move on to another crucial aspect of adverbs in Hindi grammar: the placement of adverbs in a sentence.

10. Placement of Adverbs in a Sentence

In Hindi sentences, adverbs come between the subject and verb. Usually, the adverb comes before the verb; however, sometimes, an object may be put between the adverb and verb. 

We would also like to bring to your attention that, similar to the English language, an adverb clause in Hindi may also come at the beginning or end of a sentence.

Below are a few example sentences to show the different placements of adverbs in Hindi sentences.

1 – Adverb Before Verb

• तुमने मुझे एक बार में पहचान लिया। (Tum Ne mujhe ek baar men pahacaaN Liyaa.)
  “You recognized me at once.”

Here, the adverb is “at once,” or एक बार में (ek baar men), which comes just before the verb “recognized,” or पहचान लिया (pah caaN Liyaa).

2 – Adverb -> Object -> Verb

• मुझे जल्दी घर पहुंचना है। (mujhe jaLDii ghar pahuncNaa hai.)
  “I have to reach home early.”

Here, the sequence is: 

1. The adverb “early,” or जल्दी (jaLDii)

2. The object “home,” or घर (ghar)

3. The verb “have to reach,” or पहुंचना है (pahuncNaa hai)

3 – Adverb at the Beginning

• आख़िरकार, हमें वो बिल्ली मिल ही गयी। (aakhirakaar, hamen vo biLLii miL hii gayii.)
  “We finally found the cat.”

Here, the adverb is “finally,” or आख़िरकार (aakhirkaar), which is the first word in the Hindi sentence.

11. Conclusion

Whoa! We must say that Hindi adverbs are nothing less than a wonderful rollercoaster ride. Don’t you feel the same? Well, from learning what adverbs are to covering all the main types of adverbs, we thoroughly enjoyed sharing each and every concept with you.

So, which one was your favorite? Did you like adverbs of manner better, or did the adverbs of frequency interest you more? We’d love to hear you out in the comment box below. You can also let us know if there’s still an adverb in Hindi you want to learn!  

We want you to learn without limits, and that’s why our free online Hindi-English dictionary is sure to steal your heart! Having you with us on this Hindi learning journey is the best thing that could happen. Show your love by signing up on HindiPod101.com. You can always reach out to us at our help center if there’s a glitch or issue.

Happy Hindi learning!

As a beginner, you must have realized by now how important the topic of Hindi verb conjugation is! Yet this is a topic that leaves many people scratching their heads. The million-dollar question is “Why is it so essential to learn about conjugations in the Hindi language?” Well, here’s the answer. Hindi verb conjugation is a fundamental part of the Hindi language. After all, Hindi conjugation is unique compared to conjugation in other languages, and expresses the different verb forms based on various factors. Without Hindi verb conjugation, it would be difficult to make sense of any sentence structure or even the context of a conversation.

Table of Contents

1. Factors that Affect Hindi Conjugation
2. What is Conjugation in Hindi?
3. The Infinitive Verb Form in Hindi
4. Hindi Personal Pronouns
5. Regular and Irregular Verb Groups
6. Gender-Based Conjugations
7. Auxiliary Verbs
8. Tenses
9. It’s Quiz Time!
10. Reach the Next Level with HindiPod101.com

1. Factors that Affect Hindi Conjugation

There are a handful of factors that are responsible for the modifications that take place in Hindi conjugations:

• Gender
• Subject / Person
• Number of people
• Tone
• Tense

Below, we’ll be covering all of these factors in a variety of ways, and see how the inflected verb form changes accordingly.

2. What is Conjugation in Hindi?

Conjugation is the inflection of the verb forms due to different essential factors. In Hindi, “conjugation” is called संयोजन (SanyojaN). The phrase “verb conjugation” is translated as क्रिया संयुग्मन (kriyaa SanyugmaN).

Now, in the conjugation of Hindi verbs, there are several elements to keep in mind. These include person (I, she, you, we, etc.), number of subjects, tenses, gender, and politeness level. 

3. The Infinitive Verb Form in Hindi

Before we can understand the more detailed Hindi verb conjugation rules, we must delve into the most fundamental infinitive verb form.

To begin, let’s look at the Hindi “to be” conjugation, which is basically known as the Hindi -na verb conjugation. This is because, to conjugate this verb, you need to add ना (Naa) to the end. What does this mean?

Well, for any infinitive verb, the structure would be:

• Verb stem + ना (Naa)

So every verb stem would have ना (Naa) as a suffix.

Here are a few examples to help you grasp this conjugation in Hindi:

Verb Stem + Infinitive Suffix	Infinitive Verb Form	English Meaning
बोल (boL) + ना (Naa)	बोलना (boLaNaa)	“To speak”
सो (So) + ना (Naa)	सोना (SoNaa)	“To sleep”
जा (jaa) + ना (Naa)	जाना (jaaNaa)	“To go”

Easy, isn’t it? Now, let’s try the same process with a couple of other common verbs.

Verb Stem + Infinitive Suffix	Infinitive Verb Form	English Meaning
खा (khaa) + ना (Naa)	खाना (khaaNaa)	“To eat”
रो (ro) + ना (Naa)	रोना (roNaa)	“To cry”
पी (pii) + ना (Naa)	पीना (piiNaa)	“To drink”

Changing the verb stem into the infinitive verb form is the first step to take when learning how to conjugate in Hindi. Now that we’re thoroughly familiar with the infinitive verbs, let’s learn about the various personal pronouns used by native Hindi speakers.

With the examples below, we’ll be able to comprehend and observe how verb conjugation works.

4. Hindi Personal Pronouns

Subject	Singular	Plural
1st Person	“I” = मैं (main)	“We” = हम लोग (ham Log)
2nd Person (Casual)	“You” = तुम (Tum) / तू (Tuu)	“You” = तुम लोग (Tum Log)
2nd Person (Formal)	“You” = आप (aap)	“You” = आप लोग (aap Log)
3rd Person	“He” / “She” = वह (vah) / वो (vo)	“They” = ये / वे लोग (ye / ve Log)

Quick Note 1: In the plural pronouns “we,” “you,” and “they,” the word लोग (Log) can be replaced with सब (Sab). As a result, you can also say हम सब (ham Sab), तुम सब (Tum Sab), आप सब (aap Sab), and वे सब (ve Sab).

Quick Note 2: Proximity plays an important role in the usage of pronouns.

• The persons near us are referred to as “They” = ये लोग (ye Log).
• The pronoun for people who are physically far away from us is “They” = वे लोग (ve Log).

Quick Note 3: The formal second person pronouns are also used to denote respect toward the other person. This respect may be based on age difference, level of familiarity, or even personal preference.

5. Regular and Irregular Verb Groups

Compared to English, the Hindi verb conjugation system  has more >regular verbs. That’s not to say there are no irregular verbs in Hindi. But because of their low number (maybe five or six), we mainly focus on the regular verbs.

In this lesson, you’ll see how the Hindi verb conjugations change from one gender to another, and one person to another, based on the tone and tenses.

6. Gender-Based Conjugations

Are you new to the gender-based grammatical know-hows? Then you must check out our latest blog post on Hindi Gender Rules. It’s a great way to refresh yourself on all of the gender rules and concepts that are followed in the Hindi language.

As far as the Hindi verb conjugations are concerned, we’ve narrowed it down to some really simple and practical hints that can take you a long way!

1 – Masculine Conjugations 

• For singular masculine gender, the Hindi verb conjugation usually ends with the -aa sound.
  
  Example:
  बच्चा फल खाता
  baccaa phaL khaaTaa hai.
  “The kid eats the fruit.”

• On the other hand, the conjugated Hindi verbs for plural masculine gender ends with the -e sound.
  
  Example:
  बच्चे फल खाते हैं। 
  bacce phaL khaaTe hain.
  “The kids eat fruit.”

• However, when it comes to paying respect and using a formal tone, natives tend to treat the singular person just like the plural person (i.e. with the -e sound).
  
  Examples:
  आप फल खाते हैं। 
  aap phaL khaaTe hain.
  “You eat fruit.”
  
  पिताजी फल खाते हैं। 
  piTaajii phaL khaaTe hain.
  “Father eats fruit.”

2 – Feminine Conjugations 

• For singular feminine gender, the Hindi conjugation for verbs usually ends with the -ii sound.
  
  Example:
  औरत बाज़ार गयी है। 
  auraT baazaar gayii hai.
  “The woman has gone to the market.”

• On the other hand, the conjugation in Hindi  for plural feminine gender ends with the -iin sound.
  
  Example:
  औरतें बाज़ार गयीं हैं। 
  auraTen baazaar gayiin hain.
  “The women have gone to the market.”

• Similar to what happens with the masculine gender, when it comes to paying respect and using a formal tone, natives tend to treat the singular female person just like the plural (i.e. with the -iin sound).
  
  Example:
  माँ बाज़ार गयीं हैं। 
  maan baazaar gayiin hain.
  “Mother has gone to the market.”

By now, you must have gained a fair amount of confidence in differentiating between the masculine and feminine Hindi verb conjugations. Let’s move forward to another important part of this lesson.

7. Auxiliary Verbs

If you wish to learn about verb conjugations in Hindi grammar, auxiliary verbs are the right step in that direction. Hindi is a language where we happen to use a lot of auxiliary verbs. Unlike in English, tones and the feelings of respect have a lot to do with auxiliary verbs in Hindi. Thus, it’s crucial to first pay attention to auxiliary verbs before trying to learn Hindi conjugation.

To make it more structured and interesting for you, we’ve divided various helping verbs according to the three Hindi tenses.

Let’s start with our first Hindi verb conjugation chart!

1 – Hindi Present Tense Conjugation

	Masculine		Feminine
Singular	Casual / Formal (I)		Casual / Formal (I)
“Am”	हूँ  (huun)	हूँ (huun)	हूँ  (huun)	हूँ (huun)
“Am doing”	कर रहा हूँ (kar rahaa huun)	कर रहा हूँ (kar rahaa huun)	कर रही हूँ (kar rahii huun)	कर रही हूँ (kar rahii huun)
Singular	Casual (He)	Formal (He)	Casual (She)	Formal (She)
“Is”	है (hai)	हैं (hain)	है (hai)	हैं (hain)
“Is doing”	कर रहा है (kar rahaa hai)	कर रहे हैं (kar rahe hain)	कर रही है (kar rahii hai)	कर रही हैं (kar rahii hain)
“Has done”	कर चुका है (kar cukaa hai)	कर चुके हैं (kar cuke hain)	कर चुकी है (kar cukii hai)	कर चुकी हैं (kar cukii hain)
Plural	Casual (We / They)	Formal (We / They)	Casual (We / They)	Formal (We / They)
“Are”	हैं (hain)	हैं (hain)	हैं (hain)	हैं (hain)
“Are doing”	कर रहे हैं (kar rahe hain)	कर रहे हैं (kar rahe hain)	कर रही हैं (kar rahii hain)	कर रही हैं (kar rahii hain)
“Have done”	कर चुके हैं (kar cuke hain)	कर चुके हैं (kar cuke hain)	कर चुकी हैं (kar cukii hain)	कर चुकी हैं (kar cukii hain)

2 – Hindi Past Tense Conjugation

	Masculine		Feminine
Singular	Casual (I / He)	Formal (He)	Casual (I / She)	Formal (She)
“Was”	था  (THaa)	थे (THe)	थी  (THii)	थीं (THiin)
“Was doing”	कर रहा था  (kar rahaa THaa)	कर रहे थे (kar rahe THe)	कर रही थी (kar rahii THii)	कर रही थीं (kar rahii THiin)
“Had done”	कर चुका था  (kar cukaa THaa)	कर चुके थे  (kar cuke THe)	कर चुकी थी  (kar cukii THii)	कर चुकी थीं  (kar cukii THiin)
Plural	Casual (We / They)	Formal (We / They)	Casual (We / They)	Formal (We / They)
“Were”	थे (THe)	थे (THe)	थीं (THiin)	थीं (THiin)
“Were doing”	कर रहे थे (kar rahe THe)	कर रहे थे (kar rahe THe)	कर रही थीं (kar rahii THiin)	कर रही थीं (kar rahii THiin)
“Had done”	कर चुके थे  (kar cuke THe)	कर चुके थे  (kar cuke THe)	कर चुकी थीं  (kar cukii THiin)	कर चुकी थीं  (kar cukii THiin)

3 – Hindi Future Tense Conjugation

	Masculine			Feminine
Singular	Casual / Formal (I)	Casual (He)	Formal (He)	Casual / Formal (I)	Casual (She)	Formal (She)
“Will” / “Shall”	हूँगा  (huungaa)	होगा (hogaa)	होंगे (honge)	हूँगी (huungii)	होगी (hogii)	होंगी (hongii)
“Will have done”	कर चुका हूँगा (kar cukaa huungaa)	कर चुका होगा  (kar cukaa hogaa)	कर चुके होंगे  (kar cuke honge)	कर चुकी हूँगी  (kar cukii huungii)	कर चुकी होगी  (kar cukii hogii)	कर चुकी होंगी  (kar cukii hongii)
Plural	Casual / Formal (We / They)			Casual / Formal (We / They)
“Will” / “Shall”	होंगे  (honge)			होंगी  (hongii)
“Will have done”	कर चुके होंगे (kar cuke honge)			कर चुकी होंगी (kar cukii hongii)

8. Tenses

Although tenses are subdivided into many categories, in Hindi it comes down to the three most important forms. These are simple, continuous,  and perfect forms for each of the three tenses.

Are you ready to explore the Hindi conjugation in different tenses? Study the Hindi verb conjugation tables below to see how it works.

Here we go!

1 – Present Tense

1) “To eat”

	Masculine			Feminine
	Simple Present	Present Continuous	Present Perfect	Simple Present	Present Continuous	Present Perfect
SINGULAR	“Eat(s)”	“Is / Am / Are Eating”	“Has / Have Eaten”	“Eat(s)”	“Is / Am / Are Eating”	“Has / Have Eaten”
मैं (main) “I”	खाता हूँ  (khaaTaa huun)	खा रहा हूँ (khaa rahaa huun)	खा चुका हूँ (khaa cukaa huun)	खाती हूँ (khaaTii huun)	खा रही हूँ (khaa rahii huun)	खा चुकी हूँ (khaa cukii huun)
तुम (Tum) “You” (Casual)	खाते हो  (khaaTe ho)	खा रहे हो  (khaa rahe ho)	खा चुके हो  (khaa cuke ho)	खाती हो  (khaaTii ho)	खा रही हो (khaa rahii ho)	खा चुकी हो (khaa cukii ho)
तू (Tuu) “You” (Casual)	खाता है  (khaaTaa hai)	खा रहा है  (khaa rahaa hai)	खा चुका है  (khaa cukaa hai)	खाती है  (khaaTii hai)	खा रही है (khaa rahii hai)	खा चुकी है (khaa cukii hai)
आप (aap) “You” (Formal)	खाते हैं (khaaTe hain)	खा रहे हैं  (khaa rahe hain)	खा चुके हैं  (khaa cuke hain)	खाती हैं  (khaaTii hain)	खा रही हैं  (khaa rahii hain)	खा चुकी हैं  (khaa cukii hain)
वह (vah) “He” / “She” (Casual)	खाता है (khaaTaa hai)	खा रहा है  (khaa rahaa hai)	खा चुका है  (khaa cukaa hai)	खाती है  (khaaTii hai)	खा रही है  (khaa rahii hai)	खा चुकी है  (khaa cukii hai)
वो (vo) “He” / “She” (Formal)	खाते हैं (khaaTe hain)	खा रहे हैं  (khaa rahe hain)	खा चुके हैं  (khaa cuke hain)	खाती हैं  (khaaTii hain)	खा रही हैं  (khaa rahii hain)	खा चुकी हैं  (khaa cukii hain)
PLURAL	“Eat”	“Are Eating”	“Have Eaten”	“Eat”	“Are Eating”	“Have Eaten”
हम सब (ham Sab) “We”	खाते हैं (khaaTe hain)	खा रहे हैं  (khaa rahe hain)	खा चुके हैं  (khaa cuke hain)	खाती हैं  (khaaTii hain)	खा रही हैं  (khaa rahii hain)	खा चुकी हैं  (khaa cukii hain)
तुम सब (Tum Sab) “You”  (Casual)	खाते हो  (khaaTe ho)	खा रहे हो  (khaa rahe ho)	खा चुके हो  (khaa cuke ho)	खाती हो  (khaaTii ho)	खा रही हो  (khaa rahii ho)	खा चुकी हो  (khaa cukii ho)
आप सब (aap Sab) “You” (Formal)	खाते हैं (khaaTe hain)	खा रहे हैं  (khaa rahe hain)	खा चुके हैं  (khaa cuke hain)	खाती हैं  (khaaTii hain)	खा रही हैं  (khaa rahii hain)	खा चुकी हैं  (khaa cukii hain)
ये सब (ye Sab) “They” (Near)	खाते हैं (khaaTe hain)	खा रहे हैं  (khaa rahe hain)	खा चुके हैं  (khaa cuke hain)	खाती हैं  (khaaTii hain)	खा रही हैं  (khaa rahii hain)	खा चुकी हैं  (khaa cukii hain)
वे सब (ve Sab) “They” (Far)	खाते हैं (khaaTe hain)	खा रहे हैं  (khaa rahe hain)	खा चुके हैं  (khaa cuke hain)	खाती हैं  (khaaTii hain)	खा रही हैं  (khaa rahii hain)	खा चुकी हैं  (khaa cukii hain)

Quick Tip:

Look closely and you’ll find a pattern for Hindi verb conjugations in the present tense.

• The simple present tense ends with – हूँ / -ता है / – ती है / – ते हैं / ती हैं (huun / -Taa hai / -Tii hai / -Te hain / Tii hain).



• The present continuous tense ends with – रहा हूँ / रही हूँ / रहा है / रही है / रहे हैं / रही हैं (rahaa huun / rahii huun / rahaa hai / rahii hai / rahe hain / rahii hain).



• The present perfect tense ends with – चुका हूँ / चुकी हूँ / चुका है / चुकी है / चुके हैं / चुकी हैं (cukaa huun / cukii huun / cukaa hai / cukii hai / cuke hain / cukii hain).

This rule is true for each verb form. Here’s another example for present tense.

2) “To sleep”

	Masculine			Feminine
	Simple Present	Present Continuous	Present Perfect	Simple Present	Present Continuous	Present Perfect
SINGULAR	“Sleep(s)”	“Is / Am / Are Sleeping”	“Has / Have Slept”	“Sleep(s)”	“Is / Am / Are Sleeping”	“Has / Have Slept”
मैं (main) “I”	सोता हूँ  (SoTaa huun)	सो रहा हूँ (So rahaa huun)	सो चुका हूँ (So cukaa huun)	सोती हूँ (SoTii huun)	सो रही हूँ (So rahii huun)	सो चुकी हूँ (So cukii huun)
तुम (Tum) “You” (Casual)	सोते हो  (SoTe ho)	सो रहे हो  (So rahe ho)	सो चुके हो  (So cuke ho)	सोती हो  (SoTii ho)	सो रही हो (So rahii ho	सो चुकी हो (So cukii ho)
तू (Tuu) “You” (Casual)	सोता है  (SoTaa hai)	सो रहा है  (So rahaa hai)	सो चुका है  (So cukaa hai)	सोती है  (SoTii hai)	सो रही है (So rahii hai	सो रही है (So rahii hai
आप (aap) “You” (Formal)	सोते हैं (SoTe hain)	सो रहे हैं  (So rahe hain)	सो चुके हैं  (So cuke hain)	सोती हैं  (SoTii hain)	सो रही हैं  (So rahii hain)	सो चुकी हैं  (So cukii hain)
वह (vah) “He” / “She” (Casual)	सोता है (SoTaa hai)	सो रहा है  (So rahaa hai)	सो चुका है  (So cukaa hai)	सोती है  (SoTii hai)	सो रही है  (So rahii hai)	सो चुकी है  (So cukii hai)
वो (vo) “He” / “She” (Formal)	सोते हैं (SoTe hain)	सो रहे हैं  (So rahe hain)	सो चुके हैं  (So cuke hain)	सोती हैं  (SoTii hain)	सो रही हैं  (So rahii hain)	सो चुकी हैं  (So cukii hain)
PLURAL	“Sleep”	“Are Sleeping”	“Have Slept”	“Sleep”	“Are Sleeping”	“Have Slept”
हम सब (ham Sab) “We”	सोते हैं (SoTe hain)	सो रहे हैं  (So rahe hain)	सो चुके हैं  (So cuke hain)	सोती हैं  (SoTii hain)	सो रही हैं  (So rahii hain)	सो चुकी हैं  (So cukii hain)
तुम सब (Tum Sab) “You”  (Casual)	सोते हो  (SoTe ho)	सो रहे हो  (So rahe ho)	सो चुके हो  (So cuke ho)	सोती हो  (SoTii ho)	सो रही हो  (So rahii ho)	सो चुकी हो  (So cukii ho)
आप सब (aap Sab) “You” (Formal)	सोते हैं (SoTe hain)	सो रहे हैं  (So rahe hain)	सो चुके हैं  (So cuke hain)	सोती हैं  (SoTii hain)	सो रही हैं  (So rahii hain)	सो चुकी हैं  (So cukii hain)
ये सब (ye Sab) “They” (Near)	सोते हैं (SoTe hain)	सो रहे हैं  (So rahe hain)	सो चुके हैं  (So cuke hain)	सोती हैं  (SoTii hain)	सो रही हैं  (So rahii hain)	सो चुकी हैं  (So cukii hain)
वे सब (ve Sab) “They” (Far)	सोते हैं (SoTe hain)	सो रहे हैं  (So rahe hain)	सो चुके हैं  (So cuke hain)	सोती हैं  (SoTii hain)	सो रही हैं  (So rahii hain)	सो चुकी हैं  (So cukii hain)

3) “To go”

	Masculine			Feminine
	Simple Present	Present Continuous	Present Perfect	Simple Present	Present Continuous	Present Perfect
SINGULAR	“Go(es)”	“Is / Am / Are Going”	“Has / Have Gone”	“Go(es)”	“Is / Am / Are Going”	“Has / Have Gone”
मैं (main) “I”	जाता हूँ  (jaaTaa huun)	जा रहा हूँ (jaa rahaa huun)	जा चुका हूँ (jaa cukaa huun)	जाती हूँ (jaaTii huun)	जा रही हूँ (jaa rahii huun)	जा चुकी हूँ (jaa cukii huun)
तुम (Tum) “You” (Casual)	जाते हो  (jaaTe ho)	जा रहे हो  (jaa rahe ho)	जा चुके हो  (jaa cuke ho)	जाती हो  (jaaTii ho)	जा रही हो (jaa rahii ho)	जा चुकी हो (jaa cukii ho)
तू (Tuu) “You” (Casual)	जाता है  (jaaTaa hai)	जा रहा है  (jaa rahaa hai)	जा चुका है  (jaa cukaa hai)	जाती है  (jaaTii hai)	जा रही है (jaa rahii hai)	जा चुकी है (jaa cukii hai)
आप (aap) “You” (Formal)	जाते हैं (jaaTe hain)	जा रहे हैं  (jaa rahe hain)	जा चुके हैं  (jaa cuke hain)	जाती हैं  (jaaTii hain)	जा रही हैं  (jaa rahii hain)	जा चुकी हैं  (jaa cukii hain)
वह (vah) “He” / “She” (Casual)	जाता है (jaaTaa hai)	जा रहा है  (jaa rahaa hai)	जा चुका है  (jaa cukaa hai)	जाती है  (jaaTii hai)	जा रही है  (jaa rahii hai)	जा चुकी है  (jaa cukii hai)
वो (vo) “He” / “She” (Formal)	जाते हैं (jaaTe hain)	जा रहे हैं  (jaa rahe hain)	जा चुके हैं  (jaa cuke hain)	जाती हैं  (jaaTii hain)	जा रही हैं  (jaa rahii hain)	जा चुकी हैं  (jaa cukii hain)
PLURAL	“Go”	“Are Going”	“Have Gone”	“Go”	“Are Going”	“Have Gone”
हम सब (ham Sab) “We”	जाते हैं (jaaTe hain)	जा रहे हैं  (jaa rahe hain)	जा चुके हैं  (jaa cuke hain)	जाती हैं  (jaaTii hain)	जा रही हैं  (jaa rahii hain)	जा चुकी हैं  (jaa cukii hain)
तुम सब (Tum Sab) “You”  (Casual)	जाते हो  (jaaTe ho)	जा रहे हो  (jaa rahe ho)	जा चुके हो  (jaa cuke ho)	जाती हो  (jaaTii ho)	जा रही हो  (jaa rahii ho)	जा चुकी हो  (jaa cukii ho)
आप सब (aap Sab) “You” (Formal)	जाते हैं (jaaTe hain)	जा रहे हैं  (jaa rahe hain)	जा चुके हैं  (jaa cuke hain)	जाती हैं  (jaaTii hain)	जा रही हैं  (jaa rahii hain)	जा चुकी हैं  (jaa cukii hain)
ये सब (ye Sab) “They” (Near)	जाते हैं (jaaTe hain)	जा रहे हैं  (jaa rahe hain)	जा चुके हैं  (jaa cuke hain)	जाती हैं  (jaaTii hain)	जा रही हैं  (jaa rahii hain)	जा चुकी हैं  (jaa cukii hain)
वे सब (ve Sab) “They” (Far)	जाते हैं (jaaTe hain)	जा रहे हैं  (jaa rahe hain)	जा चुके हैं  (jaa cuke hain)	जाती हैं  (jaaTii hain)	जा रही हैं  (jaa rahii hain)	जा चुकी हैं  (jaa cukii hain)

As you can see, the same pattern continues throughout the chart. Now, let’s learn how to conjugate in Hindi for  the past tense.

2 – Past Tense

1) “To eat”

	Masculine			Feminine
	Simple Past	Past Continuous	Past Perfect	Simple Past	Past Continuous	Past Perfect
SINGULAR	“Ate”	“Was / Were Eating”	“Had Eaten”	“Ate”	“Was / Were Eating”	“Had Eaten”
मैं (main) “I”	खाता था  (khaaTaa THaa)	खा रहा था (khaa rahaa THaa)	खा चुका था (khaa cukaa THaa)	खाती थी (khaaTii THii)	खा रही थी (khaa rahii THii)	खा चुकी थी (khaa cukii THii)
तुम (Tum) “You” (Casual)	खाते थे  (khaaTe THe)	खा रहे थे   (khaa rahe THe)	खा चुके थे   (khaa cuke THe)	खाती थी  (khaaTii THii)	खा रही थी (khaa rahii THii)	खा चुकी थी (khaa cukii THii)
तू (Tuu) “You” (Casual)	खाता था  (khaaTaa THaa)	खा रहा था  (khaa rahaa THaa)	खा चुका था  (khaa cukaa THaa)	खाती थी  (khaaTii THii)	खा रही थी (khaa rahii THii)	खा चुकी थी (khaa cukii THii)
आप (aap) “You” (Formal)	खाते थे  (khaaTe THe)	खा रहे थे   (khaa rahe THe)	खा चुके थे   (khaa cuke THe)	खाती थीं  (khaaTii THiin)	खा रही थीं  (khaa rahii THiin)	खा चुकी थीं  (khaa cukii THiin)
वह (vah) “He” / “She” (Casual)	खाता था (khaaTaa THaa)	खा रहा था  (khaa rahaa THaa)	खा चुका था  (khaa cukaa THaa)	खाती थी  (khaaTii THii)	खा रही थी  (khaa rahii THii)	खा चुकी थी  (khaa cukii THii)
वो (vo) “He” / “She” (Formal)	खाते थे  (khaaTe THe)	खा रहे थे   (khaa rahe THe)	खा चुके थे   (khaa cuke THe)	खाती थीं  (khaaTii THiin)	खा रही थीं  (khaa rahii THiin)	खा चुकी थीं  (khaa cukii THiin)
PLURAL	“Ate”	“Were Eating”	“Had Eaten”	“Ate”	“Were Eating”	“Had Eaten”
हम सब (ham Sab) “We”	खाते थे  (khaaTe THe)	खा रहे थे   (khaa rahe THe)	खा चुके थे   (khaa cuke THe)	खाती थीं  (khaaTii THiin)	खा रही थीं  (khaa rahii THiin)	खा चुकी थीं  (khaa cukii THiin)
तुम सब (Tum Sab) “You”  (Casual)	खाते थे   (khaaTe THe)	खा रहे थे  (khaa rahe THe)	खा चुके थे   (khaa cuke THe)	खाती थीं  (khaaTii THiin)	खा रही थीं  (khaa rahii THiin)	खा चुकी थीं  (khaa cukii THiin)
आप सब (aap Sab) “You” (Formal)	खाते थे  (khaaTe THe)	खा रहे थे   (khaa rahe THe)	खा चुके थे   (khaa cuke THe)	खाती थीं  (khaaTii THiin)	खा रही थीं  (khaa rahii THiin)	खा चुकी थीं  (khaa cukii THiin)
ये सब (ye Sab) “They” (Near)	खाते थे  (khaaTe THe)	खा रहे थे   (khaa rahe THe)	खा चुके थे   (khaa cuke THe)	खाती थीं  (khaaTii THiin)	खा रही थीं  (khaa rahii THiin)	खा चुकी थीं  (khaa cukii THiin)
वे सब (ve Sab) “They” (Far)	खाते थे  (khaaTe THe)	खा रहे थे   (khaa rahe THe)	खा चुके थे   (khaa cuke THe)	खाती थीं  (khaaTii THiin)	खा रही थीं  (khaa rahii THiin)	खा चुकी थीं  (khaa cukii THiin)

Quick Tip:

For past tense, the conjugation in Hindi is quite similar to what we saw in the present tense above. If you can memorize a few basic rules, solving the past tense riddle will be child’s play for you!

• The simple past tense ends with –ता था / – ती थी / – ते थे / ती थीं (-Taa THaa / -Tii THii / -Te THe / Tii THiin).



• The past continuous tense ends with रहा था / रही थी / रहे थे / रही थीं (rahaa THaa / rahii THii / rahe THe / rahii THiin).



• The past perfect tense ends with – चुका था / चुकी थी / चुके थे / चुकी थीं (cukaa THaa / cukii THii / cuke THe / cukii THiin).

2) “To sleep”

	Masculine			Feminine
	Simple Past	Past Continuous	Past Perfect	Simple Past	Past Continuous	Past Perfect
SINGULAR	“Slept”	“Was / Were Sleeping”	“Had Slept”	“Slept”	“Was / Were Sleeping”	“Had Slept”
मैं (main) “I”	सोता था  (SoTaa THaa)	सो रहा था (So rahaa THaa)	सो चुका था (So cukaa THaa)	सोती थी (So THii)	सो रही थी (So rahii THii)	सो चुकी थी (So cukii THii)
तुम (Tum) “You” (Casual)	सोते थे  (SoTe THe)	सो रहे थे   (So rahe THe)	सो चुके थे   (So cuke THe)	सोती थी  (SoTii THii)	सो चुकी थी (So cukii THii)	सो चुकी थी (So cukii THii)
तू (Tuu) “You” (Casual)	सोता था  (SoTaa THaa)	सो रहा था  (So rahaa THaa)	सो चुका था  (So cukaa THaa)	सोती थी  (SoTii THii)	सो रही थी (So rahii THii)	सो चुकी थी (So cukii THii)
आप (aap) “You” (Formal)	सोते थे  (SoTe THe)	सो रहे थे   (So rahe THe)	सो चुके थे   (So cuke THe)	सोती थीं  (SoTii THiin)	सो रही थीं  (So rahii THiin)	सो चुकी थीं  (So cukii THiin)
वह (vah) “He” / “She” (Casual)	सोता था (SoTaa THaa)	सो रहा था  (So rahaa THaa)	सो चुका था  (So cukaa THaa)	सोती थी  (SoTii THii)	सो रही थी  (So rahii THii)	सो चुकी थी  (So cukii THii)
वो (vo) “He” / “She” (Formal)	सोते थे  (SoTe THe)	सो रहे थे   (So rahe THe)	सो चुके थे   (So cuke THe)	सोती थीं  (SoTii THiin)	सो रही थीं  (So rahii THiin)	सो चुकी थीं  (So cukii THiin)
PLURAL	“Slept”	“Were Sleeping”	“Had Slept”	“Slept”	“Were Sleeping”	“Had Slept”
हम सब (ham Sab) “We”	सोते थे  (SoTe THe)	सो रहे थे   (So rahe THe)	सो चुके थे   (So cuke THe)	सोती थीं  (SoTii THiin)	सो रही थीं  (So rahii THiin)	सो चुकी थीं  (So cukii THiin)
तुम सब (Tum Sab) “You”  (Casual)	सोते थे   (SoTe THe)	सो रहे थे  (So rahe THe)	सो चुके थे   (So cuke THe)	सोती थीं  (SoTii THiin)	सो रही थीं  (So rahii THiin)	सो चुकी थीं  (So cukii THiin)
आप सब (aap Sab) “You” (Formal)	सोते थे  (SoTe THe)	सो रहे थे   (So rahe THe)	सो चुके थे   (So cuke THe)	सोती थीं  (SoTii THiin)	सो रही थीं  (So rahii THiin)	सो चुकी थीं  (So cukii THiin)
ये सब (ye Sab) “They” (Near)	सोते थे  (SoTe THe)	सो रहे थे   (So rahe THe)	सो चुके थे   (So cuke THe)	सोती थीं  (SoTii THiin)	सो रही थीं  (So rahii THiin)	सो चुकी थीं  (So cukii THiin)
वे सब (ve Sab) “They” (Far)	सोते थे  (SoTe THe)	सो रहे थे   (So rahe THe)	सो चुके थे   (So cuke THe)	सोती थीं  (SoTii THiin)	सो रही थीं  (So rahii THiin)	सो चुकी थीं  (So cukii THiin)

3) “To go”

	Masculine			Feminine
	Simple Past	Past Continuous	Past Perfect	Simple Past	Past Continuous	Past Perfect
SINGULAR	“Went”	“Was / Were Going”	“Had Gone”	“Went”	“Was / Were Going”	“Had Gone”
मैं (main) “I”	जाता था  (jaaTaa THaa)	जा रहा था (jaa rahaa THaa)	जा चुका था (jaa cukaa THaa)	जाती थी (jaaTii THii)	जा रही थी (jaa rahii THii)	जा चुकी थी (jaa cukii THii)
तुम (Tum) “You” (Casual)	जाते थे  (jaaTe THe)	जा रहे थे   (jaa rahe THe)	जा चुके थे   (jaa cuke THe)	जाती थी  (jaaTii THii)	जा रही थी (jaa rahii THii)	जा चुकी थी (jaa cukii THii)
तू (Tuu) “You” (Casual)	जाता था  (jaaTaa THaa)	जा रहा था  (jaa rahaa THaa)	जा चुका था  (jaa cukaa THaa)	जाती थी  (jaaTii THii)	जा रही थी (jaa rahii THii)	जा चुकी थी (jaa cukii THii)
आप (aap) “You” (Formal)	जाते थे  (jaaTe THe)	जा रहे थे   (jaa rahe THe)	जा चुके थे   (jaa cuke THe)	जाती थीं  (jaaTii THiin)	जा रही थीं  (jaa rahii THiin)	जा चुकी थीं  (jaa cukii THiin)
वह (vah) “He” / “She” (Casual)	जाता था (jaaTaa THaa)	जा रहा था  (jaa rahaa THaa)	जा चुका था  (jaa cukaa THaa)	जाती थी  (jaaTii THii)	जा रही थी  (jaa rahii THii)	जा चुकी थी  (jaa cukii THii)
वो (vo) “He” / “She” (Formal)	जाते थे  (jaaTe THe)	जा रहे थे   (jaa rahe THe)	जा चुके थे   (jaa cuke THe)	जाती थीं  (jaaTii THiin)	जा रही थीं  (jaa rahii THiin)	जा चुकी थीं  (jaa cukii THiin)
PLURAL	“Went”	“Were Going”	“Had Gone”	“Went”	“Were Going”	“Had Gone”
हम सब (ham Sab) “We”	जाते थे  (jaaTe THe)	जा रहे थे   (jaa rahe THe)	जा चुके थे   (jaa cuke THe)	जाती थीं  (jaaTii THiin)	जा रही थीं  (jaa rahii THiin)	जा चुकी थीं  (jaa cukii THiin)
तुम सब (Tum Sab) “You”  (Casual)	जाते थे   (jaaTe THe)	जा रहे थे  (jaa rahe THe)	जा चुके थे   (jaa cuke THe)	जाती थीं  (jaaTii THiin)	जा रही थीं  (jaa rahii THiin)	जा चुकी थीं  (jaa cukii THiin)
आप सब (aap Sab) “You” (Formal)	जाते थे  (jaaTe THe)	जा रहे थे   (jaa rahe THe)	जा चुके थे   (jaa cuke THe)	जाती थीं  (jaaTii THiin)	जा रही थीं  (jaa rahii THiin)	जा चुकी थीं  (jaa cukii THiin)
ये सब (ye Sab) “They” (Near)	जाते थे  (jaaTe THe)	जा रहे थे   (jaa rahe THe)	जा चुके थे   (jaa cuke THe)	जाती थीं  (jaaTii THiin)	जा रही थीं  (jaa rahii THiin)	जा चुकी थीं  (jaa cukii THiin)
वे सब (ve Sab) “They” (Far)	जाते थे  (jaaTe THe)	जा रहे थे   (jaa rahe THe)	जा चुके थे   (jaa cuke THe)	जाती थीं  (jaaTii THiin)	जा रही थीं  (jaa rahii THiin)	जा चुकी थीं  (jaa cukii THiin)

3 – Future Tense

1) “To eat”

	Masculine			Feminine
	Simple Future	Future Continuous	Future Perfect	Simple Future	Future Continuous	Future Perfect
SINGULAR	“Will Eat”	“Will Be Eating”	“Will Have Eaten”	“Will Eat”	“Will Be Eating”	“Will Have Eaten”
मैं (main) “I”	खाऊंगा (khaauungaa)	खा रहा होऊंगा (khaa rahaa houungaa)	खा चुका होऊंगा (khaa cukaa houungaa)	खाऊंगा (khaauungii)	खा रही होऊंगी (khaa rahii houungii)	खा चुकी होऊंगी (khaa cukii houungii)
तुम (Tum) “You” (Casual)	खाओगे  (khaaoge)	खा रहे होगे  (khaa rahe hoge)	खा चुके होगे  (khaa cuke hoge)	खाओगी  (khaaogii)	खा रही होगी (khaa rahii hogii)	खा चुकी होगी (khaa cukii hogii)
तू (Tuu) “You” (Casual)	खाएगा  (khaayegaa)	खा रहा होगा  (khaa rahaa hogaa)	खा चुका होगा (khaa cukaa hogaa)	खाएगी  (khaayegii)	खा रही होगी (khaa rahii hogii)	खा चुकी होगी (khaa cukii hogii)
आप (aap) “You” (Formal)	खाएंगे (khaayenge)	खा रहे होंगे (khaa rahe honge)	खा चुके होंगे (khaa cuke honge)	खायेंगी  (khaayengii)	खा रही होंगी (khaa rahii hongii)	खा चुकी होंगी (khaa cukii hongii)
वह (vah) “He” / “She” (Casual)	खाएगा (khaayegaa)	खा रहा होगा  (khaa rahaa hogaa)	खा चुका होगा  (khaa cukaa hogaa)	खाएगी  (khaayegii)	खा रही होगी (khaa rahii hogii)	खा चुकी होगी (khaa cukii hogii)
वो (vo) “He” / “She” (Formal)	खाएंगे (khaayenge)	खा रहे होंगे (khaa rahe honge)	खा चुके होंगे  (khaa cuke honge)	खायेंगी  (khaayengii)	खा रही होंगी (khaa rahii hongii)	खा चुकी होंगी (khaa cukii hongii)
PLURAL	“Will Eat”	“Will Be Eating”	“Will Have Eaten”	“Will Eat”	“Will Be Eating”	“Will Have Eaten”
हम सब (ham Sab) “We”	खाएंगे (khaayenge)	खा रहे होंगे (khaa rahe honge)	खा चुके होंगे  (khaa cuke honge)	खायेंगी  (khaayengii)	खा रही होंगी (khaa rahii hongii)	खा चुकी होंगी (khaa cukii hongii)
तुम सब (Tum Sab) “You”  (Casual)	खाओगे  (khaaoge)	खा रहे होगे  (khaa rahe hoge)	खा चुके होगे  (khaa cuke hoge)	खाओगी  (khaaogii)	खा रही होगी (khaa rahii hogii)	खा चुकी होगी (khaa cukii hogii)
आप सब (aap Sab) “You” (Formal)	खाएंगे (khaayenge)	खा रहे होंगे (khaa rahe honge)	खा चुके होंगे  (khaa cuke honge)	खायेंगी  (khaayengii)	खा रही होंगी (khaa rahii hongii)	खा चुकी होंगी (khaa cukii hongii)
ये सब (ye Sab) “They” (Near)	खाएंगे (khaayenge)	खा रहे होंगे (khaa rahe honge)	खा चुके होंगे  (khaa cuke honge)	खायेंगी  (khaayengii)	खा रही होंगी (khaa rahii hongii)	खा चुकी होंगी (khaa cukii hongii)
वे सब (ve Sab) “They” (Far)	खाएंगे (khaayenge)	खा रहे होंगे (khaa rahe honge)	खा चुके होंगे  (khaa cuke honge)	खायेंगी  (khaayengii)	खा रही होंगी (khaa rahii hongii)	खा चुकी होंगी (khaa cukii hongii)

Quick Tip:

In future tense, conjugation isn’t affected too much by the person. However, it’s worth looking at the minor inflection changes in the verb forms.

• The simple future tense ends with हूँगा / हूँगी / होगा / होगी / होंगे / होंगी (huungaa / huungii / hogaa / hogii / honge / hongii).


• The future continuous tense ends with रहा हूँगा / रही हूँगी / रहा होगा / रही होगी / रहे होंगे / रही होंगी (raha huungaa / rahii huungii / rahaa hogaa / rahii hogii / rahe honge / rahii hongii).


• The future perfect tense ends with चुका हूँगा / चुकी हूँगी / चुका होगा / चुकी होगी / चुके होंगे / चुकी होंगी (cukaa huunga / cukii huungi / cukaa hogaa / cukii hogii / cuke honge / cukii hongii).

Now, here’s two more Hindi conjugation charts for you! 

2) “To sleep”

	Masculine			Feminine
	Simple Future	Future Continuous	Future Perfect	Simple Future	Future Continuous	Future Perfect
SINGULAR	“Will Sleep”	“Will Be Sleeping”	“Will Have Slept”	“Will Sleep”	“Will Be Sleeping”	“Will Have Slept”
मैं (main) “I”	सोऊंगा (Souungaa)	सो रहा होऊंगा (So rahaa houungaa)	सो चुका होऊंगा (So cukaa houungaa)	सोऊंगी (Souungii)	सो रही होऊंगी (So rahii houungii)	सो चुकी होऊंगी (So cukii houungii)
तुम (Tum) “You” (Casual)	सोओगे  (So-oge)	सो रहे होगे  (So rahe hoge)	सो चुके होगे  (So cuke hoge)	सोओगी  (So-ogii)	सो रही होगी (So rahii hogii)	सो चुकी होगी (So cukii hogii)
तू (Tuu) “You” (Casual)	सोएगा  (Soyegaa)	सो रहा होगा  (So rahaa hogaa)	सो चुका होगा (So cukaa hogaa)	सोएगी  (Soyegii)	सो रही होगी (So rahii hogii)	सो चुकी होगी (So cukii hogii)
आप (aap) “You” (Formal)	सोएंगे (Soyenge)	सो रहे होंगे (So rahe honge)	सो चुके होंगे (So cuke honge)	सोयेंगी  (Soyengii)	सो रही होंगी (So rahii hongii)	सो चुकी होंगी (So cukii hongii)
वह (vah) “He” / “She” (Casual)	सोएगा (Soyegaa)	सो रहा होगा  (So rahaa hogaa)	सो चुका होगा  (So cukaa hogaa)	सोएगी  (Soyegii)	सो रही होगी (So rahii hogii)	सो चुकी होगी (So cukii hogii)
वो (vo) “He” / “She” (Formal)	सोएंगे (Soyenge)	सो रहे होंगे (So rahe honge)	सो चुके होंगे  (So cuke honge)	सोयेंगी  (Soyengii)	सो रही होंगी (So rahii hongii)	सो चुकी होंगी (So cukii hongii)
PLURAL	“Will Sleep”	“Will Be Sleeping”	“Will Have Slept”	“Will Sleep”	“Will Be Sleeping”	“Will Have Slept”
हम सब (ham Sab) “We”	सोएंगे (Soyenge)	सो रहे होंगे (So rahe honge)	सो चुके होंगे  (So cuke honge)	सोयेंगी  (Soyengii)	सो रही होंगी (So rahii hongii)	सो चुकी होंगी (So cukii hongii)
तुम सब (Tum Sab) “You”  (Casual)	सोओगे  (So-oge)	सो रहे होगे  (So rahe hoge)	सो चुके होगे  (So cuke hoge)	सोओगी  (So-ogii)	सो रही होगी (So rahii hogii)	सो चुकी होगी (So cukii hogii)
आप सब (aap Sab) “You” (Formal)	सोएंगे (Soyenge)	सो रहे होंगे (So rahe honge)	सो चुके होंगे  (So cuke honge)	सोयेंगी  (Soyengii)	सो रही होंगी (So rahii hongii)	सो चुकी होंगी (So cukii hongii)
ये सब (ye Sab) “They” (Near)	सोएंगे (Soyenge)	सो रहे होंगे (So rahe honge)	सो चुके होंगे  (So cuke honge)	सोयेंगी  (Soyengii)	सो रही होंगी (So rahii hongii)	सो चुकी होंगी (So cukii hongii)
वे सब (ve Sab) “They” (Far)	सोएंगे (Soyenge)	सो रहे होंगे (So rahe honge)	सो चुके होंगे  (So cuke honge)	सोयेंगी  (Soyengii)	सो रही होंगी (So rahii hongii)	सो चुकी होंगी (So cukii hongii)

3) “To go”

	Masculine			Feminine
	Simple Future	Future Continuous	Future Perfect	Simple Future	Future Continuous	Future Perfect
SINGULAR	“Will Go”	“Will Be Going”	“Will Have Gone”	“Will Go”	“Will Be Going”	“Will Have Gone”
मैं (main) “I”	जाऊंगा (jaauungaa)	जा रहा होऊंगा (jaa rahaa houungaa)	जा चुका होऊंगा (jaa cukaa houungaa)	जाऊंगी (jaauungii)	जा रही होऊंगी (jaa rahii houungii)	जा चुकी होऊंगी (jaa cukii houungii)
तुम (Tum) “You” (Casual)	जाओगे  (jaaoge)	जा रहे होगे  (jaa rahe hoge)	जा चुके होगे  (jaa cuke hoge)	जाओगी  (jaaogii)	जा रही होगी (jaa rahii hogii)	जा चुकी होगी (jaa cukii hogii)
तू (Tuu) “You” (Casual)	जाएगा  (jaayegaa)	जा रहा होगा  (jaa rahaa hogaa)	जा चुका होगा (jaa cukaa hogaa)	जाएगी  (jaayegii)	जा रही होगी (jaa rahii hogii)	जा चुकी होगी (jaa cukii hogii)
आप (aap) “You” (Formal)	जाएंगे (jaayenge)	जा रहे होंगे (jaa rahe honge)	जा चुके होंगे (jaa cuke honge)	जायेंगी  (jaayengii)	जा रही होंगी (jaa rahii hongii)	जा चुकी होंगी (jaa cukii hongii)
वह (vah) “He” / “She” (Casual)	जाएगा (jaayegaa)	जा रहा होगा  (jaa rahaa hogaa)	जा चुका होगा  (jaa cukaa hogaa)	जाएगी  (jaayegii)	जा रही होगी (jaa rahii hogii)	जा चुकी होगी (jaa cukii hogii)
वो (vo) “He” / “She” (Formal)	जाएंगे (jaayenge)	जा रहे होंगे (jaa rahe honge)	जा चुके होंगे  (jaa cuke honge)	जायेंगी  (jaayengii)	जा रही होंगी (jaa rahii hongii)	जा चुकी होंगी (jaa cukii hongii)
PLURAL	“Will Go”	“Will Be Going”	“Will Have Gone”	“Will Go”	“Will Be Going”	“Will Have Gone”
हम सब (ham Sab) “We”	जाएंगे (jaayenge)	जा रहे होंगे (jaa rahe honge)	जा चुके होंगे  (jaa cuke honge)	जायेंगी  (jaayengii)	जा रही होंगी (jaa rahii hongii)	जा चुकी होंगी (jaa cukii hongii)
तुम सब (Tum Sab) “You”  (Casual)	जाओगे  (jaaoge)	जा रहे होगे  (jaa rahe hoge)	जा चुके होगे  (jaa cuke hoge)	जाओगी  (jaaogii)	जा रही होगी (jaa rahii hogii)	जा चुकी होगी (jaa cukii hogii)
आप सब (aap Sab) “You” (Formal)	जाएंगे (jaayenge)	जा रहे होंगे (jaa rahe honge)	जा चुके होंगे  (jaa cuke honge)	जायेंगी  (jaayengii)	जा रही होंगी (jaa rahii hongii)	जा चुकी होंगी (jaa cukii hongii)
ये सब (ye Sab) “They” (Near)	जाएंगे (jaayenge)	जा रहे होंगे (jaa rahe honge)	जा चुके होंगे  (jaa cuke honge)	जायेंगी  (jaayengii)	जा रही होंगी (jaa rahii hongii)	जा चुकी होंगी (jaa cukii hongii)
वे सब (ve Sab) “They” (Far)	जाएंगे (jaayenge)	जा रहे होंगे (jaa rahe honge)	जा चुके होंगे  (jaa cuke honge)	जायेंगी  (jaayengii)	जा रही होंगी (jaa rahii hongii)	जा चुकी होंगी (jaa cukii hongii)

9. It’s Quiz Time!

Did you learn and understand how Hindi conjugations work with all of the examples above? How about we put our neurons to work and try to solve these easy-breezy verb conjugation questions!

Read these five simple statements and figure out the appropriate verb conjugation for each. The infinitive form for the required verb is already given.

1. बच्चे (कूदना ) _______. [ bacce (kuuDaNaa) __________ ]
   “The kids are jumping.”
   
   a. कूदते हैं (kuuDaTe hain)
   b. कूद रहे हैं (kuuD rahe hain)
   c. कूद चुके हैं (kuuD cuke hain)


2. वह रोज़ पत्र (लिखना ) ____________. [ vah roz paTr (LikhaNaa) _________ ]
   “She will write a letter everyday.”
   
   a. लिखेगा (Likhegaa)
   b. लिखेंगे (Likhenge)
   c. लिखेगी (Likhegii)


3. पिताजी फल (खाना ) ____________. [ piTaajii phaL (khaaNaa) _________ ]
   
   a./खा चुके थे (khaa cuke THe)
   b./खा चुका था (khaa cukaa THaa)
   c./खा रहे थे (khaa rahe THe)


4. जॉन कल स्कूल (जाना ) ______. [ jauN kaL SkuuL (jaaNaa) __________ ]
   (“John was going to school yesterday.”)
   
   a. जाता होगा (jaaTaa hogaa)
   b. जा रहा था (jaa rahaa THaa)
   c. जा रहा है (jaa rahaa hai)


5. मैं जूस नहीं (पीना ) ______. [ maiN juuS Nahiin (piiNaa) __________ ]
   (“I don’t drink juices.”)
   
   a.पीता था (piiTaa THaa)
   b.पीता हूँगा (piiTaa huungaa)
   c.पीता हूँ (piiTaa huun)

Solutions

1. Correct Answer: (b) कूद रहे हैं (kuuD rahe hain).

Reason: The statement “The kids are jumping,” is in the present continuous tense. In Hindi, the plural forms in present continuous end with रहे हैं (rahe hain). Thus, the option (b).

2. Correct Answer: (a) लिखेगी (Likhegii).

Reason: The sentence “She will write a letter everyday,” is in the simple future tense. The feminine pronouns in simple future end with – गी (gii). Thus, option (a).

3. Correct Answer: (a) खा चुके थे (khaa cuke THe).

Reason: “Father had eaten the fruits.” Although “father” is a singular noun, he is a respectable figure. When we use the respectful tone, the plural verb conjugation is applied for singular nouns / pronouns. Moreover, this sentence is in the past perfect tense, which usually ends with -चुके थे (cuke THe). Thus, option (a).

4. Correct Answer: (b) जा रहा था (jaa rahaa THaa).

Reason: “John was going to school yesterday.” It’s a plain case of the past continuous tense, which typically ends with – रहा था (rahaa THaa). Thus, option (b).

5. Correct Answer: (c) पीता हूँ (piiTaa huun).

Reason: “I don’t drink juices,” is a simple present tense sentence. In Hindi, such statements end with –ता हूँ (Taa huun). Thus, option (c).

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