“What’s up?”

“May I know your name?”

“Oh, how are you?”

These are simple questions that carry the potential to bond two people, and they serve as great conversation starters. Today, you’ll learn and practice similar English-to-Hindi question-answer patterns that are popular in Indian society. These on-the-spot questions to ask in Hindi will help you break the ice and, on some occasions, save you from unnecessary challenges.

Before we start, you may want to get familiar with the most common Hindi question words. We have relevant lessons on our website that you can check out for the question words  “what,” “where,” and “when.” 

Now, there may be a ton of survival interrogative phrases. But let’s be honest: we can’t cram everything into just one lesson. So, here’s the deal. We’ll bring you the ten best conversation questions in Hindi and teach you different ways to answer them.

You’ll also learn the English meaning of each and every Hindi word while practicing the various sentence structures.

Quick Note: As this lesson mainly focuses on the top Hindi questions, we’ll only be explaining each word from the questions, instead of covering both Q&A.

Let’s begin the adventure and check out the ten most popular question sentences in Hindi!

Table of Contents

1. What’s in a name, after all?
2. How do you do?
3. Where are you from?
4. What do you do for a living?
5. Do you speak Hindi?
6. How is everyone in the family?
7. Time, please?
8. Would you like to have something?
9. What’s wrong?
10. How much is it?
11. Ice-Breaking with HindiPod101.com

1. What’s in a name, after all?

Well, a lot. The first personal thing we get to know about someone is his/her name. If it’s your first conversation with this person, then this is certainly one of the good questions to ask a Hindi native.

You’ll not only sweep them off their feet, but you’ll also enjoy the credit of breaking the ice! 

In a nutshell, asking somebody’s name is one of the top Hindi questions you need to know in India. Luckily, doing so isn’t that hard.

So, here we go!

Q.	आपका नाम क्या है? aap kaa Naam kyaa hai?	“What’s your name?”
A.	मेरा नाम मनीषा है। meraa Naam maNiisaa hai.	“My name is Manisha.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	आपका	“your”	aap kaa
Word 2	नाम	“name”	Naam
Word 3	क्या	“what”	kyaa
Word 4	है	“is”	hai

Q.	आपका शुभ नाम क्या है? aap kaa subh Naam kyaa hai?	“What’s your good name?”
A.	मेरा नाम अदित है। meraa Naam aDiT hai.	“My name is Adit.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	आपका	“your”	aap kaa
Word 2	शुभ	“good”	subh
Word 3	नाम	“name”	Naam
Word 4	क्या	“what”	kyaa
Word 5	है	“is”	hai

Voila! You’ve just mastered the very first conversation questions in Hindi! Wasn’t that easy? Based on the patterns of these basic Hindi questions and answers, you can see how your answer should be constructed. All you need to do is insert your name in place of the example name.

2. How do you do?

Okay, how do you show your care and concern for somebody? By asking how they are. This etiquette rule applies all over the world, and India is no exception. Because this is so important for strengthening any relationship, we’ll show you some simple Hindi questions and answers you can expect.

These may be easy questions to ask in Hindi, but they’re also a sureshot way to touch someone’s heart. One simple question, and they may pour out their pain, sadness, joy, or happiness to you in a moment. And an experience like that can make you feel so precious and strengthen your bond with that person.

Q.	कैसे हैं आप? kaiSe hain aap?	“How are you?”
A.	मैं ठीक हूँ। main thiik huun.	“I’m good/okay.”
A.	मैं परेशान हूँ। main paresaaN huun.	“I’m worried.”
A.	मैं ख़ुश हूँ। main khus huun.	“I’m happy.”
A.	मैं नाराज़ / उदास हूँ। main Naaraaz / uDaaS huun.	“I’m upset/sad.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	कैसे	“how”	kaiSe
Word 2	हैं	“are”	hain
Word 3	आप	“you”	aap

Above, we outlined the Hindi questions with answers for a variety of circumstances. This will allow you to become more fluent when using conversational Hindi questions, as you’ll be able to understand (or give) different answers. 

Q.	क्या हाल-चाल हैं? kyaa haaL-caaL hain?	“How do you do?”
A.	बिल्कुल बढ़िया! biLkuL badhiyaa!	“Great!” / “Absolutely fine!”
A.	बकवास! bakavaaS!	“Terrible!”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	क्या	“what”	kyaa
Word 2	हाल-चाल	“well-being”	haaL-caaL
Word 3	हैं	“are”	hain

Here are some of the best Hindi adjectives to help you express the various shades of your moods.

3. Where are you from?

Now, what are some general Hindi questions and answers that you can expect as a foreigner in India? 

Well, our third question is for asking where someone is from.

In this day and age, when the whole world has become a global village, people from all cultures and places can meet each other. In such circumstances, asking about someone’s hometown/country is inevitable.

And given India’s warm and social culture, you’ll find yourself either asking or answering Hindi questions like these often. So, check out these questions and impress the natives with your fluent Hindi.

Q.	आप कहाँ से हैं? aap kahaan Se hain?	“Where are you from?”
A.	मैं भारत से हूँ। main bhaaraT Se huun.	“I’m from India.”
A.	मैं जापान से हूँ। main jaapaaN Se huun.	“I’m from Japan.”
A.	मैं रूस से हूँ। main ruuS Se huun.	“I’m from Russia.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	आप	“you”	aap
Word 2	कहाँ	“where”	kahaan
Word 3	से	“from”	Se
Word 4	हैं	“are”	hain

If you’re located in India or currently living there, people may ask you the same thing, but in a slightly different way.

Q.	आपका घर कहाँ हैं? aap kaa ghar kahaan hai?	“Where do you live?”
A.	मेरा घर लाजपत नगर में है। meraa ghar LaajapaT Nagar men hai.	“I live in Lajpat Nagar.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	आपका	“your”	aap kaa
Word 2	घर	“home”	ghar
Word 3	कहाँ	“where”	kahaan
Word 4	है	“is”	hai

4. What do you do for a living?

Indians are quite upfront and casual when it comes to asking about others’ source of living. What you do and how you explain your work may have a wonderful impression on the locals. So why waste the chance to leave them speechless with your amazing Hindi vocab? 

And while we’re at it, it won’t take long to check out these straight-to-business questions and answers in Hindi!

Q.	आप क्या करते हैं? aap kyaa karaTe hain?	“What do you do?”
A.	मैं टीचर हूँ। main tiicar huun.	“I’m a teacher.”
A.	मैं वक़ील हूँ। main vaqiiL huun.	“I’m a lawyer.”
A.	मैं कलाकार हूँ। main kaLaakaar huun.	“I’m an artist.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	आप	“you”	aap
Word 2	क्या	“what”	kyaa
Word 3	करते	“do”	karaTe
Word 4	हैं	“are”	hain

Q.	आप क्या काम करते हैं? aap kyaa kaam karaTe hain?	“What’s your profession?”
A.	मैं तैराकी सिखाती हूँ। main Tairaakii SikhaaTii huun.	“I teach swimming.”
A.	मैं होटल में मैनेजर हूँ। main hotaL men maiNejar huun.	“I’m a hotel manager.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	आप	“you”	aap
Word 2	क्या	“what”	kyaa
Word 3	काम	“work”	kaam
Word 4	करते	“do”	karaTe
Word 5	हैं	“are”	hain

Yes, having your own business or being in a job does make a difference in Indian society. In fact, if you could grab a government job, you’d be treated as nothing less than a king/queen. However, things are changing and people are becoming more open-minded (though there’s still a long way to go for us Indians).

In your first few meetings, talking about each other’s professions falls under the category of good questions to ask a Hindi speaker. So, if you’re out of ideas, feel free to use such questions for a friendly chat.

Q.	आप व्यापार करते हैं या नौकरी? aap vyaapaar karaTe hain yaa Naukarii?	“Are you in a business or job?”
A.	मेरा ख़ुद का ब्यूटी पार्लर (व्यापार) है। meraa khuD kaa byuutii paarLar (vyaapaar) hai.	“I run my own beauty parlor (business).”
A.	मैं जिम में काम करता हूँ। main jim men kaam karaTaa huun.	“I work at a gym.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	आप	“you”	aap
Word 2	व्यापार	“business”	vyaapaar
Word 3	करते	“do”	karaTe
Word 4	हैं	“are”	hain
Word 5	या	“or”	yaa
Word 6	नौकरी	“job”	Naukarii

5. Do you speak Hindi?

Some of you may be surprised to know that not all Indians speak Hindi. In fact, there are more than twenty local Indian languages spoken in different parts of the country.

The bottom line is that whenever you meet an Indian, it’s better not to assume that they speak Hindi.

Can you speak Hindi?

Here are the basic Hindi questions and answers you can use to ask about someone’s Hindi-speaking abilities or answer about your own. 

Q.	क्या आप हिंदी समझते / बोलते हैं? kyaa aap hiNDii SamajhaTe / boLaTe hain?	“Do you understand/speak Hindi?”
A.	हाँ, मुझे ठीक-ठाक हिंदी आती है। haan, mujhe thiik-thaak hinDii aaTii hai.	“Yeah, my Hindi is alright.”
A.	हाँ, मुझे बहुत अच्छी हिंदी आती है। haan, mujhe bahuT acchii hinDii aaTii hai.	“Yeah, I am quite fluent in Hindi.”
A.	नहीं, मुझे ज़्यादा हिंदी नहीं आती। Nahiin, mujhe zyaaDaa hinDii Nahiin aaTii.	“No, I don’t know much Hindi.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	क्या	“do”	kyaa
Word 2	आप	“you”	aap
Word 3	हिंदी	“Hindi”	hinDii
Word 4	समझते	“understand”	SamajhaTe
Word 5	बोलते	“speak”	boLaTe
Word 6	हैं	“are”	hain

6. How is everyone in the family?

Family holds a special place in every part of the world, and this may be even more true for Indians than for most other people.

How’s your family?

So whenever you bump into a local friend, remember that family is definitely a topic of choice if you need some good questions to ask a Hindi native and melt his or her heart.

Q.	घर में सब कैसे हैं? ghar men Sab kaiSe hain?	“How’s everyone in the family?”
A.	घर में सब ठीक हैं। ghar men Sab thiik hain.	“Everything’s great at home.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	घर	“home” / “family”	ghar
Word 2	में	“in”	men
Word 3	सब	“everyone”	Sab
Word 4	कैसे	“how”	kaiSe
Word 5	हैं	“are”	hain

Q.	और सब ठीक-ठाक है? aur Sab thiik-thaak hai?	“Everything’s well in the family?”
A.	जी, सब अच्छा है। jii, Sab acchaa hai.	“Yeah, everything’s going great!”

Do you know what we call family members in Hindi? Here’s our quick list for family members in India. Have a look!

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	और	“and”	aur
Word 2	सब	“everything”	Sab
Word 3	ठीक-ठाक	“okay”	thiik-thaak
Word 4	है	“is”	hai

7. Time, please?

Isn’t it remarkable to learn so many Hindi question words in just one lesson? Well, don’t worry. We still have plenty of material for you in this guide.

This section is about asking for the time, which is another really important and practical question in Hindi. Before we teach you how to ask a Hindi question about time, you might like to take a sneak-peek at our Tell the Time in Hindi lesson for a more thorough knowledge.

Q.	कितने बज रहे हैं? kiTaNe baj rahe hain?	“What’s the time?”
A.	सुबह के सात बज रहे हैं। Subah ke SaaT baj rahe hain.	“It’s seven in the morning.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	कितने	“what”	kiTaNe
Word 2	बज	“time” / “o’clock”	baj
Word 3	रहे	“happening”	rahe
Word 4	हैं	“are”	hain

Q.	वक़्त क्या हो रहा है? vaqT kyaa ho rahaa hai?	“What’s the time?”
A.	दो बज रहे हैं। Do baj rahe hain.	“It’s two o’clock.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	वक़्त	“time”	vaqT
Word 2	क्या	“what”	kyaa
Word 3	हो रहा	“happening”	ho rahaa
Word 4	है	“is”	hai

8. Would you like to have something?

We all like to treat our guests in the best possible way. Suppose you’re on a date or having lunch with a colleague/friend. Wouldn’t it be marvelous to welcome them with some Hindi greetings?

Hey, would you like to eat with us?

Fortunately, there are many ways to impress people, and you can choose whichever sounds easiest and more apt to you.

Without further ado, here are the most popular Hindi questions and answers when welcoming your guests.

Q.	क्या लेना पसंद करेंगे? kyaa LeNaa paSaND karenge?	“What would you like to have?”
A.	मैं एक कप चाय ले लूँगी। main ek kap caay Le Luungii.	“I’ll have a cup of tea.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	क्या	“what”	kyaa
Word 2	लेना	“take”	LeNaa
Word 3	पसंद	“like”	paSaND
Word 4	करेंगे	“do”	karenge

Q.	कुछ चाहिए? kuch caahiye?	“Do you want something?”
A.	जी, मुझे पानी पीना है। jii, mujhe paaNii piiNaa hai.	“Yeah, I’d like to have some water.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	कुछ	“something”	kuch
Word 2	चाहिए	“want” / “need”	caahiye

Q.	चाय पिएंगे या ठंडा? caay piyenge yaa thandaa?	“Would you have something hot or cold?”
A.	जी, मैं शरबत लूँगा। jii, main sarbaT Luungaa.	“Yeah, I’ll have sherbet.”

Some fresh juice, please?

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	चाय	“tea”	caay
Word 2	पिएंगे	“will drink” / “have drink”	piyenge
Word 3	या	“or”	yaa
Word 4	ठंडा	“cold drink”	thandaa

9. What’s wrong?

Now, you don’t want to miss out on the Hindi phrases you’ll need when something goes wrong!

After all, when sad, all one wants is someone to show that they care. So, if you see that your friend’s feeling low, just asking these simple things may lighten their mood, and they may just share their feelings with you.

Q.	क्या हुआ? kyaa huaa?	“What happened?”
A.	मेरी तबियत ठीक नहीं है। merii TabiyaT thiik Nahiin hai.	“I’m not feeling well.”
A.	नहीं, कुछ नहीं हुआ। Nahiin, kuch Nahiin huaa.	“No, everything’s alright.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	क्या	“what”	kyaa
Word 2	हुआ	“happened”	huaa

Is something wrong?

Q.	कोई बात है क्या? koi baaT hai kyaa?	“Is something wrong?”
A.	मेरा झगड़ा हुआ है। meraa jhagadaa huaa hai.	“I’ve had a fight.”
A.	नहीं, कुछ नहीं हुआ। Nahiin, kuch Nahiin huaa.	“No, everything’s alright.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	कोई	“something”	koi
Word 2	बात	“wrong”	baaT
Word 3	है	“is”	hai
Word 4	क्या	“what”	kyaa

10. How much is it?

Our final section is related to shopping, bargaining, asking prices, and so on. Practice these phrases and grab yourself the best deal in the market by proving your Hindi knowledge.

Q.	इसका दाम क्या है? iS kaa Daam kyaa hai?	“What’s the price of this?”
A.	इसका दाम पचास रुपये है।  iS kaa Daam pacaaS rupaye hai.	“It’s fifty bucks.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	इसका	“its”	iS kaa
Word 2	दाम	“price”	Daam
Word 3	क्या	“what”	kyaa
Word 4	है	“is”	hai

Oh, what’s that?

Q.	ये कितने का है? ye kiTaNe kaa hai?	“How much is this?”
A.	ये सात सौ बीस रुपये का है। ye SaaT Sau biiS rupaye kaa hai.	“It’s seven hundred and twenty rupees.”

	Hindi	English	Romanization
Word 1	ये	“this”	ye
Word 2	कितने	“how much”	kiTaNe
Word 3	का	“of”	kaa
Word 4	है	“is”	hai

11. Ice-Breaking with HindiPod101.com

Finally, we’re at the end of this lesson. By now, you must have become familiar with many different questions in Hindi, the process of asking these questions, and even their proper responses.

But no matter how much you read, it’s just not worth it without regular practice. At HindiPod101.com, we make it possible for you to stay in touch 24/7, even when you’re on the go. All you have to do is download our mobile app and go through the lesson materials whenever possible.

Meanwhile, we’d love to hear from you! Let us know which of these Hindi questions and answers seem easiest to you. You can also make up some new questions on your own and flaunt your Hindi skills to the world!

Got any questions? Feel free to ask us through our Premium PLUS feature MyTeacher, and we’ll get back to you with an answer. Happy learning, guys!

Learning the Hindi language can bring a bundle of benefits into one’s life:

• A more fulfilling social life among native Indians
• A better chance of landing your dream job in India
• Admission into a reputed Indian college or place of higher education

However, in order to attain these benefits, you may have to pass a Hindi proficiency test to show your stuff! 

Not sure where to start? In this article, HindiPod101.com will introduce you to the most widely accepted Hindi language proficiency test: the ILTS TLP (Hindi-061). We’ll explain what this exam is, what you can expect while taking it, and how to make the most of your study time and practice sessions.

Let’s get started.

Table of Contents

1. Why Should You Study for the ILTS TLP (Hindi-061)?
2. An Overview of the ILTS TLP (Hindi-061)
3. Introduction to ILTS Content for Each Section
4. Scoring Scale for the ILTS TLP (Hindi-061)
5. Tips on Preparing for the ILTS TLP (Hindi-061)
6. Cracking the ILTS-Hindi Test with HindiPod101.com

1. Why Should You Study for the ILTS TLP (Hindi-061)?

You can’t use one recipe to cook every meal. Recipes use varying ingredients, require different preparation and cooking methods, and some take far longer to make than others. Well, the same is true of exams: you can’t study the same way for every exam. The more exam-specific your preparation is, the better your odds are of passing it.

The ILTS TLP (Hindi-061) is a proficiency test in Hindi, and it’s pretty serious business!

For those who are already familiar with the name, this article will provide thorough information about the test. And if you’re reading this article, chances are you’ve already made up your mind and plan on taking the test.

So, don’t wait any longer! Let’s check out how to prepare well and pass the ILTS TLP (Hindi-061).

2. An Overview of the ILTS TLP (Hindi-061)

Although there are several exams out there, each Hindi language proficiency test is unique in its own way.

The ILTS TLP (Hindi-061) is a reputed language proficiency test in Hindi, conducted by the Illinois State Board of Education. ILTS TLP stands for the Illinois Certification Testing System – Target Language Proficiency.

• There are three sections in the ILTS TLP (Hindi-061) test. These are Reading, Writing, and Oral.
• Each section consists of Four Constructed-Response Assignments. There are no MCQs (multiple-choice questions) in the test! For a better idea of where to start, check out their official Study Guide for Hindi.
• The ILTS TLP (Hindi-061) is mainly for those who are looking for a job; it serves as a professional certification that can help someone get an entry-level teaching job at Illinois, for example. Your possibilities of being hired or promoted shoot up once you’ve passed the ILTS TLP (Hindi-061) Hindi proficiency test.
• You can register either online (by visiting the Illinois website) or offline, and confirm the schedule for the test. Candidates can also choose test centers in Illinois from the list (the test can only be taken at specific Illinois test centers).

Total Duration	4 Hours
Tutorial Time	15 Minutes
Test Time	3 Hours 45 Minutes
Type of Test	Online
Number of Sub-areas	3
Sub-areas	Reading, Writing, Oral
Types of Questions	Constructed-Response Assignments
Passing Score	240
Test Fee	$122

• As you can see, the ILTS target language proficiency test (Hindi) has a total duration of four hours.
• The first 15 minutes are given for signing the non-disclosure and going through the Tutorial Materials.
• You have to take this Hindi proficiency test online, and in order to pass, you have to get a score of at least 240.

3. Introduction to ILTS Content for Each Section

What can you expect to see in each part of this Hindi language examination? Take a look!

1- Reading Proficiency Section  

The first section tests your Hindi reading proficiency. We’ve broken down this section in the chart below.

Evaluation Criteria (3)	Comprehension, Inference, Analysis
Language	You can give your written response in English, Hindi, or a combination of both.
Types of Topics / Materials	Hindi reading material from a newspaper clip; excerpts from a literary book, magazine, etc.
Task	Write a summary or draw a conclusion based on the reading material.

• The reading material could be picked up from anywhere, including a recent newspaper, any Hindi magazine, a book, etc.
• Your response will be evaluated on three basic criteria.
• Comprehension means that the candidate understands the main idea of the provided Hindi content. The candidate may also be asked the meaning of any specific word from it. All in all, you should be well-versed enough to know the literal meaning of the content.
• Next, you may also be asked to draw a conclusion and analyze your inference.

In this part of the language proficiency test, Hindi and English responses are permitted. Please note that this section focuses on testing your reading skills. Your preferred language doesn’t really matter when it comes to showing your understanding of the context. What matters is whether you’ve got the full meaning correct or not!

2- Writing Proficiency Section

The second section of this Hindi language proficiency exam checks your writing skills. Let’s go through the chart to get an idea of how this is evaluated.

Evaluation Criteria (4)	Purpose, Organization, Vocabulary, Grammar
Language	You must give your written response only in Hindi.
Types of Topics / Materials	An imaginary situation in the English language.
Task	Present your thoughts in a constructive, error-free, and effective manner.

• First of all, unlike the reading section, the writing proficiency test requires that you answer in the Hindi language only.
• In the question sheet, they may give you an imaginary situation—for instance, a social issue—written down in English.
• You have to pay serious attention to everything that you’re about to do in the written section of this Hindi language proficiency test. The purpose of this part is to check if you were able to properly address the specific idea and appropriate audience or not.
• The organization criteria looks at the flow of your writing; your work should be well-sequenced and make sense. 
• The vocabulary will cover colloquial Hindi expressions and test your overall command of them.
• In the end, the Hindi grammar evaluation examines your grammatical errors, such as spelling mistakes, diacritic errors, punctuation mistakes, etc.

3- Oral Proficiency Section

The last section in this ILTS exam is the oral one.

Evaluation Criteria (5)	Purpose, Fluency, Pronunciation, Vocabulary, Grammar
Language	You must give your oral response only in Hindi.
Types of Topics / Materials	An imaginary situation in the English language.
Task	Read the written assignment. You’ll be given two minutes to think about your response. Then, speak for two minutes on tape.

• The question sheet will contain an imaginary situation written in English.
• You have to read all of it carefully. Once you’ve finished reading it, you’ll be given two minutes to think it through, gather your thoughts, and construct your answer. You may also use the provided rough sheet to jot down the key points.
• In the end, two more minutes are provided to record your response on tape. Please remember to start recording only after you’ve been told to do so.
• The purpose is to check your ability to address the exact topic in an accurate manner. This section of the Hindi language proficiency test will evaluate your sense of understanding.
• In addition, the oral section also tests your fluency in the Hindi language and the clarity of your Hindi pronunciation. Candidates need to be articulate and show their rich vocabulary while speaking.

4. Scoring Scale for the ILTS TLP (Hindi-061)

The ILTS language proficiency test for Hindi contains four constructed-response assignments. So, based on your response, the scoring is done on four different levels. What are these score points and what does each one indicate? Let’s find out!

Score	Meaning
4	Excellent knowledge
3	Adequate command
2	Limited command
1	Lack of command
U	Unscorable for various possible reasons
B	No response to the assignment

4 – If a candidate shows an excellent command over the language, then he/she gets 4 points for each assignment, which is the highest score.

3 – 3 points are given when a candidate exhibits adequate knowledge, but there are a few mistakes in comprehension.

2 – A limited knowledge of Hindi, such as using only simple words, not understanding the objective of the assignments, and making frequent grammatical errors leads to a score of 2 points.

1 – 1 is the lowest score. It indicates poor language command and lots of errors in the assignments.

U – Here, “U” means that, for some reason, your assignment is unscorable. ILTS-Hindi is a descriptive test. If you’re not well-prepared, chances are that you’ll miss the exact context of the assignment and respond with an answer completely unrelated to the topic. Moreover, responding in a language other than Hindi results in getting a “U.”

B – In case no response has been given to an assignment, the candidate will get a “B.”

5. Tips on Preparing for the ILTS TLP (Hindi-061)

Before you attempt this Hindi language proficiency test online, how about we take your prep up a notch with these practical tips?

• Read as many books, newspapers, or magazines in Hindi as possible. It’s even better if you read them aloud to practice speaking like a native.
• Fluency comes when you start thinking in your target language. We’d recommend that you not only speak or write, but also think, in Hindi. This language-learning strategy will make your reflexes faster and flawless.
• Practice with a native friend. If that’s not possible, though, don’t worry. You can count on us, as our MyTeacher  program will help you in more ways than you can imagine.
• The ILTS website also provides sample papers to give you an idea about the sort of questions they’ll be asking. You can also check out official ILTS Preparation Materials.
• While practicing at home, make sure to set a timer and finish your mock exam within the assigned duration.
• The more sample tests you successfully complete, the better your performance on the real test will be. This will also boost your confidence! 
• Read the test guidelines thoroughly. Before attempting the exam, skim through all the questions as fast as possible. 

Remember that you only have the choice of using English in the reading section; you must use Hindi for the other sections. More-detailed info on the do’s and don’ts for this exam is available on this Testing Policies link.

6. Cracking the ILTS-Hindi Test with HindiPod101.com

Nothing is impossible once you’ve set your mind to it. Download the Hindi Learning App and get a head start toward your goals with our brilliant and comprehensive vocabulary section.

At HindiPod101.com, we always do our best to provide you with everything you need. Our always-accessible Hindi-English online dictionary can sharpen your language skills and provide you with endless preparation resources.

If you follow our tips and practice thoroughly, passing the ILTS Hindi language proficiency test online will be a piece of cake! 🙂

Is there anything you still want to know about this test? If so, drop us a comment below and we’ll do our best to help you out.

We wish you all the best for your success!

Today’s lesson is about the ten most popular Hindi sentence patterns that Indians use on a daily basis. For each sentence category, we’ll provide both simple and more complex Hindi sentence structure examples.

Learning these basic Hindi sentence patterns will not only give you an edge over others, but also help you craft many more useful sentences so you can talk like a pro!

The best thing about this lesson is that even if you’re a beginner, you can understand the examples without much trouble, and gradually use every Hindi sentence pattern to practice your day-to-day conversational skills.

So, what are you waiting for? Let’s get started. 🙂

Table of Contents

1. Sentences Linking Two Nouns
2. Sentences with Adjectives
3. Sentences to Express Desire
4. Sentences to Express Needs
5. Sentences to Express Your Likes
6. Sentences to Express Requests
7. Sentences for Seeking Permission
8. Asking the “What” Questions
9. Asking About the Time
10. Asking About the Location
11. How to Get the Most Out of HindiPod101.com

1. Sentences Linking Two Nouns

Our first Hindi sentence pattern is used to link two nouns together. For instance, who is what, what is whose, who gave you what, and so on! 

How do you do that? Well, as far as the subjects are concerned, this simple Hindi sentence pattern is very similar to its English counterpart. In simpler words, the main subject is always at the beginning of the sentence.

If you’re completely new to the concept of Hindi sentence structure and sentence patterns, then you can start to figure it all out with our lesson on Hindi Conjugations. 

दीपक मेरा भाई है।Diipak meraa bhaaii hai.

“Deepak is my brother.”

मेरी बहन एक रंगमंच कलाकार है।merii bahaN ek rangamaNc kaLaakaar hai.

“My sister is a theater artist.”

यह लैपटॉप मेरे दोस्त का है।yah Laipataup mere DoST kaa hai.

“This is my friend‘s laptop.”

Let’s make it even better and try out some complex Hindi sentence patterns with three nouns. 

मेरी टीचर और मेरी बहन दोनों बचपन की सहेलियां हैं।merii tiicar aur merii bahaN DoNon bacapaN kii SaheLiiyaan hain.

“Both my teacher and my sister are childhood friends.”

यह कार और बाइक मुझे तोहफ़े में मिली हैं।yah kaar aur baaik mujhe Tohafe men miLii hain.

“I got this car and bike as gifts.”

2. Sentences with Adjectives

No matter what languages we speak, it’s hard to imagine our conversations without adjectives. Have you found someone beautiful, tasted delicious Indian food, or wished to buy that blue shirt? Hindi adjectives are the best way to express exactly what you’re talking about.

Feel free to check out our comprehensive article on the Top 100 Hindi Adjectives, and polish your Hindi language sentences!

One useful tip is that the adjective always comes after the related noun. However, if there happens to be an adverb in the sentence, it may disrupt this noun and adjective placement in a few cases.

Here are some examples of how to make a Hindi sentence using adjectives:

तुम बहुत सुंदर हो।Tum bahuT SunDar ho.

“You are beautiful.”

ये सब्ज़ी स्वादिष्ट है।yah Sabzii SvaaDist hai.

“This curry is delicious.”

जूस बहुत ठंडा है।juuS bahuT thaNdaa hai.

“The juice is quite chilled.”

मेरे कमरे की दीवार नीली है और दरवाज़ा भूरे रंग का है। mere kamare kii Diivaar NiiLii hai aur Daravaazaa bhuure rang kaa hai.

“The walls in my room are blue and the door is brown.”

यह उपन्यास डरावना भी है और दिलचस्प भी।yah upaNyaaS daraavaNaa bhii hai aur DiLacaSp bhii.

“This novel is scary and interesting at the same time.”

3. Sentences to Express Desire

Desires are like water bubbles in the human heart. Each moment brings a new wish. Well, not every wish can be fulfilled, but with the right Hindi sentences, there’s no stopping us from expressing them.

Whether you’re craving a cup of coffee or dying to have that chat over the phone with your friends, the examples below will give you a fair idea of how to let someone know.

मुझे एक कप चाय चाहिए।mujhe ek kap caay caahiye.

“I want a cup of tea.”

मेरा आराम करने का मन है।meraa aaraam karaNe kaa maN hai.

“I want to get some rest.”

ललिता आपसे कुछ पूछना चाहती है।LaLiTaa aap Se kuch puuchaNaa caahaTii hai.

“Lalita wants to ask you something.”

It’s time to up your game and practice these complicated Hindi sentence patterns now.

मैं चाहती हूँ कि तुम ख़ूब मेहनत करो और जीवन में तरक़्क़ी करो।main caahaTii huun ki Tum khuub mehaNaT karo aur jiivaN men Taraqqii karo.

“I want you to work really hard and progress in life.”

सरिता सिर्फ़ यह जानना चाहती है कि क्या उसे यहाँ नौकरी मिल सकती है?SariTaa Sirf yah jaaNaNaa caahaTii hai ki kyaa uSe yahaan Naukrii miL SakaTii hai?

“Sarita just wants to know if she could get a job here?”

4. Sentences to Express Needs

Sometimes, things are urgent and you really have to get them done. In these situations, you may need to let others know about these necessities or top-priority tasks! 

Most of these Hindi sentence patterns use infinitive verb forms at the end of the sentence. Here are some relevant Hindi sentence structure examples:

मुझे घर जाना है।mujhe ghar jaaNaa hai.

“I have to go home.”

मुझे दवा खानी है।mujhe Davaa khaaNii hai.

“I have to take medicine.”

मुझे एक छाता चाहिए।mujhe ek chaaTaa caahiye.

“I need an umbrella.”

In addition to the basic Hindi sentence patterns, it’s also important to practice the more complex sentences. Because, let’s face it, you’ll need them at one point or another.

मुझे कल सुबह चार बजे किसी भी हाल में हवाई अड्डे पहुँचना होगा।mujhe kaL Subah caar baje kiSii bhii haaL men havaaii adde pahuncaNaa hogaa.

“I need to reach the airport tomorrow by four a.m.”

आपको दिन में दो बार खुली हवा में सैर करना चाहिए।aap ko DiN men Do baar khuLii havaa men Sair karaNaa caaahiye.

“You should go for a walk in the fresh air twice a day.”

5. Sentences to Express Your Likes

Next in our list of Hindi sentence patterns are the phrases you can use to talk about your likes and preferences. These may include your hobbies, favorite movies, or way of living.

We’ve included a few Hindi sentence examples to make it really simple and easy to understand. As you can see, even beginners can practice them and learn how to form sentences in Hindi.

मुझे खाना बनाना पसंद है।mujhe khaaNaa baNaaNaa paSaND hai.

“I like to cook.”

तुम्हें किताबें पढ़ने का शौक़ है।Tumhen kiTaaben padhaNe kaa sauq hai.

“You like to read books.”

मुझे शतरंज खेलना पसंद है।mujhe saTaraNj kheLaNaa paSaND hai.

“I like to play chess.”

सीमा को सर्दी के मौसम में जल्दी उठ कर दौड़ लगाना अच्छा लगता है।Siimaa ko SarDii ke mauSam men jaLDii uth kar Daud LagaaNaa acchaa LagaTaa hai.

“In the winter season, Seema likes to get up early and go running.”

फ़ैज़ को शाम में दोस्तों के साथ समय बिताना बेहद पसंद है। faiz ko saam men DoSTon ke SaaTH Samay biTaaNaa behaD paSaND hai.

“Faiz loves to spend some time in the evening with his friends.”

6. Sentences to Express Requests

Another essential Hindi sentence pattern is that for expressing requests. Whether in the office, or another public place like a restaurant or hospital, a gentle request can take you a long way.

Let’s see the most common Hindi sentence pattern for making requests in Hindi and winning people’s hearts.

कृपया बैठ जाइये।kripayaa baith jaaiye.

“Please, take your seat.”

कृपया शांति बनाये रखें।kripayaa saaNTi baNaaye rakhen.

“Please, maintain silence.”

कृपया ध्यान से सुनें।kripayaa DHyaaN Se SuNen.

“Please, listen carefully.”

कृपया लाइन में खड़े होकर शांतिपूर्वक अपनी बारी का इंतज़ार करें।kripayaa LaaiN men khade hokar saaNTipuurvak apaNii baarii kaa iNTazaar karen.

“Kindly, stand in line and wait for your turn.”

कृपया मुझे मेज़ पर रखी वो काले रंग की किताब उठाकर दें। kripayaa mujhe mez par rakhii vo kaaLe rang kii kiTaab uthaakar Den.

“Please, pass me that black book kept on the table.”

As you can see, the magic word “please,” or कृपया (kripayaa) in Hindi, gets the job done in each example. Moreover, grammatically, these basic Hindi sentence patterns for making requests also use plural verb forms, regardless of whether the noun is singular or plural. 

7. Sentences for Seeking Permission

Courtesy is an inseparable aspect of humankind; the last thing we wish to do is offend someone. To avoid any such situations, it’s important that you learn an appropriate way to ask for permission!

The most commonly used Hindi phrases for “can” or “may” are: सकता हूँ (SakaTaa huun), सकती हूँ (SakaTii huun), and सकते हैं (SakaTe hain).

Here are some examples of useful Hindi sentence constructions for asking permission:

क्या मैं अंदर आ सकता हूँ / सकती हूँ?kyaa main aNDar aa SakaTaa huun / SakaTii huun?

“May I come in?”

क्या मुझे पीने का पानी मिल सकता है?kyaa mujhe piiNe kaa paaNii miL SakaTaa hai?

“Can I get some water?”

क्या मैं आपका शुभ नाम जान सकता / सकती हूँ?kyaa main aapakaa subh Naam jaaN SakaTaa / SakaTii huun?

“May I know your good name, please?”

क्या मैं भी आपके साथ लखनऊ में होने वाला पुस्तक मेला देखने चल सकता / सकती हूँ?kyaa main bhii aapake SaaTH LakhaNauu men hoNe vaaLaa puSTak meLaa DekhaNe caL SakaTaa / SakaTii huun?

“Can I come with you to the book fair going on in Lucknow?”

क्या हम सब स्कूल की तरफ़ से बैडमिंटन प्रतियोगिता में भाग ले सकते हैं?kyaa ham Sab SkuuL kii Taraf Se baidamiNtaN praTiyogiTaa men bhaag Le SakaTe hain?

“Can we participate in the badminton tournament from the school side?”

8. Asking the “What” Questions

There are many types of questions people ask each other on a daily basis. We’ll start with the Hindi sentence pattern for asking simple “what” questions.

In Hindi, “what” is क्या (kyaa). When we’re asking about a thing or for information, क्या (kyaa) comes right before the helping verb or the main verb. But of course, there can be exceptions.

यह क्या है?yah kyaa hai?

“What is this?”

आपका नाम क्या है?aapakaa Naam kyaa hai?

“What is your name?”

बॉस ने क्या कहा?baauS Ne kyaa kahaa?

“What did the boss say?”

इस लिपस्टिक का दाम क्या है?iS LipaStik kaa Daam kyaa hai?

“What is the price of this lipstick?”

हमने कल जो बिरयानी खायी थी उसका नाम क्या था? hamaNe kaL jo birayaaNii khaayii THii uSakaa Naam kyaa THaa?

“What was the name of that biryani we had yesterday?”

9. Asking About the Time

After “what” comes “when” (i.e. asking about when a particular event, arrival, or departure will happen). In Hindi, “when” is कब (kab) or कितने बजे (kiTaNe baje).

Just like “what” in the Hindi sentences above, the interrogative word “when” comes at the beginning in English, but is placed just before the verb or helping verb in Hindi.

आप कब फ़्री हैं?aap kab frii hain?

“When are you free?”

मीटिंग कब है?miiting kab hai?

“When is the meeting?”

बस कब आएगी?baS kab aayegii?

“When will the bus arrive?”

कंपनी को जो प्रॉजेक्ट मिला है वो कब शुरू होगा?kampaNii ko jo praujekt miLaa hai vo kab suruu hogaa?

“When will the project that our company grabbed start?”

दिवाली की पूजा कितने बजे शुरू होगी?DivaaLii kii puujaa kiTaNe baje suruu hogii?

“At what time will the Diwali puja begin?”

10. Asking About the Location

The last type of Hindi sentence pattern we’ll look at is used to ask “where” things are happening. In Hindi, “where” can be loosely translated in many ways. Some of the common phrases are कहाँ (kahaan), किस तरफ़ (kiS Taraf), and किधर (kiDHar).

तुम अभी कहाँ हो?Tum abhii kahaan ho?

“Where are you right now?”

ये होटल किस तरफ़ है?ye hotaL kiS Taraf hai?

“Where is this hotel?”

लिफ़्ट किधर है?Lift kiDHar hai?

“Where is the elevator?”

आप जो दुकान बता रहे थे वो किधर है?aap jo DukaaN baTaa rahe THe vo kiDHar hai?

“Where is that shop you were talking about?”

दिल्ली में थोक बाज़ार कहाँ पर है?DiLLii men THok baazaar kahaan par hai?

“Where is the wholesale market in Delhi?”

11. How to Get the Most Out of HindiPod101.com

So, with this, we come to the end of our lesson on ten of the most useful Hindi sentence structures and sentence patterns. It wasn’t that difficult after all, right?

The key strategy is to take one step at a time. For instance, if you want to learn how to make a request in Hindi, just focus on those particular Hindi sentence patterns and master them. Once you’re confident with those, move on to the next category.

This lesson is designed for beginners. So, if you have any doubts or issues, now is the time to get rid of them. Share your issues with us in the comments below at HindiPod101.com, and we’ll do our best to resolve them for you. Meanwhile, you may also find our Hindi-English online dictionary to be quite helpful as you start your Hindi learning journey.

Even intermediate-level learners can enjoy and learn so much more from our world-class learning materials. So, have fun and keep learning!

You asked, so we provided—easy-to-follow instructions on how to set up your electronic devices to write in Hindi! We’ll also give you a few excellent tips on how to use this keyboard, as well as some online and app alternatives if you prefer not to set up a Hindi keyboard.

Table of Contents

1. Why it’s Important to Learn to Type in Hindi
2. Setting up Your Computer and Mobile Devices for Hindi
3. How to Activate an Onscreen Keyboard on Your Computer
4. How to Change the Language Settings to Hindi on Your Computer
5. Activating the Hindi Keyboard on Your Mobile Phone and Tablet
6. Hindi Keyboard Typing Tips
7. How to Practice Typing Hindi

1. Why it’s Important to Learn to Type in Hindi

Learning a new language is made so much easier when you’re able to read and write/type it. This way, you will:

• Get the most out of any dictionary and Hindi language apps on your devices
• Expand your ability to find Hindi websites and use the various search engines
• Be able to communicate much better online with your Hindi teachers and friends, and look super cool in the process! 

2. Setting up Your Computer and Mobile Devices for Hindi

It takes only a few steps to set up any of your devices to read and type in Hindi. It’s super-easy on your mobile phone and tablet, and a simple process on your computer.

On your computer, you’ll first activate the onscreen keyboard to work with. You’ll only be using your mouse or touchpad/pointer for this keyboard. Then, you’ll need to change the language setting to Hindi, so all text will appear in Hindi. You could also opt to use online keyboards instead. Read on for the links!

On your mobile devices, it’s even easier—you only have to change the keyboard. We also provide a few alternatives in the form of online keyboards and downloadable apps.

3. How to Activate an Onscreen Keyboard on Your Computer

1- Mac

1. Go to System Preferences > Keyboard.

2. Check the option “Show Keyboard & Character Viewers in Menu Bar.”

3. You’ll see a new icon on the right side of the main bar; click on it and select “Show Keyboard Viewer.”

2- Windows

1. Go to Start > Settings > Easy Access > Keyboard.

2. Turn on the option for “Onscreen Keyboard.”

3- Online Keyboards

If you don’t want to activate your computer’s onscreen keyboard, you also have the option to use online keyboards. Here are some good options:

• Gate2Home
• Branah
• Google Input Tools

4- Add-ons of Extensions for Browsers

Instead of an online keyboard, you could also choose to download a Google extension to your browser for a language input tool. The Google Input Tools extension allows users to use input tools in Chrome web pages, for example.

4. How to Change the Language Settings to Hindi on Your Computer

Now that you’re all set to work with an onscreen keyboard on your computer, it’s time to download the Hindi language pack for your operating system of choice:

• Windows 8 (and higher)
• Windows 7
• Mac (OS X and higher)

1- Windows 8 (and higher)

1. Go to “Settings” > “Change PC Settings” > “Time & Language” > “Region & Language.”
2. Click on “Add a Language” and select “Greek.” This will add it to your list of languages. It will appear as हिंदी with the note “language pack available.”
3. Click on “हिंदी” > “Options” > “Download.” It’ll take a few minutes to download and install the language pack.
4. As a keyboard layout, you’ll only need the one marked as “Hindi – हिंदी.” You can ignore other keyboard layouts.

2- Windows 7

1. Go to Start > Control Panel > Clock, Language, and Region.

2. On the “Region and Language” option, click on “Change Keyboards or Other Input Methods.”

3. On the “Keyboards and Languages” tab, click on “Change Keyboards” > “Add” > “Hindi.”

4. Expand the option of “Hindi” and then expand the option “Keyboard.” Select the keyboard layout marked as “Hindi.” You can ignore other keyboard layouts. Click “OK” and then “Apply.”

3- Mac (OS X and higher)

If you can’t see the language listed, please make sure to select the right option from System Preferences > Language and Region

1. From the Apple Menu (top left corner of the screen) go to System Preferences > Keyboard.

2. Click the Input Sources tab and a list of available keyboards and input methods will appear.

3. Click on the plus button, select “Hindi,” and add the “Hindi – Transliteration” keyboard.

5. Activating the Hindi Keyboard on Your Mobile Phone and Tablet

Texting and searching in Hindi will greatly help you master the language! Adding a Hindi keyboard on your mobile phone and/or tablet is super-easy.

You could also opt to download an app instead of adding a keyboard. Read on for our suggestions.

Below are the instructions for both iOS and Android mobile phones and tablets.

1- iOS

1. Go to Settings > General > Keyboard.

2. Tap “Keyboards” and then “Add New Keyboard.”

3. Select “Hindi” from the list.

4. When typing, you can switch between languages by tapping and holding on the icon to reveal the keyboard language menu.

2- Android

1. Go to Settings > General Management > Language and Input > On-screen Keyboard (or “Virtual Keyboard” on some devices) > Samsung Keyboard.

2. Tap “Language and Types” or “ + Select Input Languages” depending on the device and then “MANAGE INPUT LANGUAGES” if available.

3. Select “Hindi” from the list.

4. When typing, you can switch between languages by swiping the space bar.

3- Applications for Mobile Phones

If you don’t want to add a keyboard on your mobile phone or tablet, these are a few good apps to consider:

• Google Indic Keyboard
• Hindi Typing

6. Hindi Keyboard Typing Tips

Typing in Hindi can be very challenging at first! Therefore, we added here a few useful tips to make it easier to use your Hindi keyboard.

1. For typing maatra, press the respective letter on your English keyboard. If you need the whole Hindi vowel instead, use the Shift key along with the respective English letter. For example, if you want to make the “aa ki maatra” (ा), press letter E. But if you want the letter “aa” (आ), press Shift key + letter E.
2. When you’re typing in an Office document, and would like to correct an incorrect maatra, just go to the letter whose maatra you want to correct, and then type the correct maatra. The incorrect maatra will be automatically replaced with the correct one. You don’t have to delete and then type the correct maatra.
3. If you’re typing on the Internet or in a Google Doc, keep in mind that Step 2 wouldn’t work. If you type the correct maatra without deleting the incorrect one, you’ll end up with both. For example, if you’re typing the word कुत्ता (kuTTaa) or “dog,” and you accidentally type the “badii uu kii maaTra” (ू), make sure to first delete it and then place the correct “chotii uu kii maaTraa” (ु). Otherwise, you’ll end up with maatras like this: कूुत्ता. For the same reason, make sure to check your typed text once again because it’s quite possible that you accidentally placed one maatra twice. Something like this: आाम. Notice that the “aa kii maaTraa” occurs twice here. So, check your maatras before finalizing your text!
4. For typing out half-letters, that is, for example, the letter “N” in जन्म (jaNm) or the letter “k” in क्या (kyaa), use the letter D on your keyboard. Just type the letter you want, press D, and then type the next letter, and you’ll get the half-sound letter.
5. For typing out certain conjuncts, use the number keys along with the Shift key. For example, if you want the conjuct “ज्ञ” (gya) used in the Hindi word for “knowledge” (ज्ञान or gyaaN), press Shift along with the number 5. You’ll get “ज्ञ.” Similarly, त्र (Tra) can be typed with the number 6, क्ष (ksa) can be typed with the number 7, and श्र can be typed with the number 8.
6. For typing the “ri kii maaTraa,” like in the word कृपया (kripayaa) meaning please,” or ट्रेन (treN) meaning “train,” use Shift along with number 3 after typing the first letter. So, if you want to type कृ, type the letter क (ka) and then press Shift along with number 3. You’ll get कृ.
7. For getting the half “ra,” when it’s placed as a maatra above the characters, like in भर्ती (bharTii), use the letter D on your keyboard. For example, for भर्ती here is the key sequence: Shift + y (भ), J (र), D, L (त), E ( ा), and you’ll get भर्ती.

7. How to Practice Typing Hindi

As you probably know by now, learning Hindi is all about practice, practice, and more practice! Strengthen your Hindi typing skills by writing comments on any of our lesson pages, and our teacher will answer. If you’re a HindiPod101 Premium PLUS member, you can directly text our teacher via the My Teacher app—use your Hindi keyboard to do this!

As a beginner, you must have realized by now how important the topic of Hindi verb conjugation is! Yet this is a topic that leaves many people scratching their heads. The million-dollar question is “Why is it so essential to learn about conjugations in the Hindi language?” Well, here’s the answer. Hindi verb conjugation is a fundamental part of the Hindi language. After all, Hindi conjugation is unique compared to conjugation in other languages, and expresses the different verb forms based on various factors. Without Hindi verb conjugation, it would be difficult to make sense of any sentence structure or even the context of a conversation.

Table of Contents

1. Factors that Affect Hindi Conjugation
2. What is Conjugation in Hindi?
3. The Infinitive Verb Form in Hindi
4. Hindi Personal Pronouns
5. Regular and Irregular Verb Groups
6. Gender-Based Conjugations
7. Auxiliary Verbs
8. Tenses
9. It’s Quiz Time!
10. Reach the Next Level with HindiPod101.com

1. Factors that Affect Hindi Conjugation

There are a handful of factors that are responsible for the modifications that take place in Hindi conjugations:

• Gender
• Subject / Person
• Number of people
• Tone
• Tense

Below, we’ll be covering all of these factors in a variety of ways, and see how the inflected verb form changes accordingly.

2. What is Conjugation in Hindi?

Conjugation is the inflection of the verb forms due to different essential factors. In Hindi, “conjugation” is called संयोजन (SanyojaN). The phrase “verb conjugation” is translated as क्रिया संयुग्मन (kriyaa SanyugmaN).

Now, in the conjugation of Hindi verbs, there are several elements to keep in mind. These include person (I, she, you, we, etc.), number of subjects, tenses, gender, and politeness level. 

3. The Infinitive Verb Form in Hindi

Before we can understand the more detailed Hindi verb conjugation rules, we must delve into the most fundamental infinitive verb form.

To begin, let’s look at the Hindi “to be” conjugation, which is basically known as the Hindi -na verb conjugation. This is because, to conjugate this verb, you need to add ना (Naa) to the end. What does this mean?

Well, for any infinitive verb, the structure would be:

• Verb stem + ना (Naa)

So every verb stem would have ना (Naa) as a suffix.

Here are a few examples to help you grasp this conjugation in Hindi:

Verb Stem + Infinitive Suffix	Infinitive Verb Form	English Meaning
बोल (boL) + ना (Naa)	बोलना (boLaNaa)	“To speak”
सो (So) + ना (Naa)	सोना (SoNaa)	“To sleep”
जा (jaa) + ना (Naa)	जाना (jaaNaa)	“To go”

Easy, isn’t it? Now, let’s try the same process with a couple of other common verbs.

Verb Stem + Infinitive Suffix	Infinitive Verb Form	English Meaning
खा (khaa) + ना (Naa)	खाना (khaaNaa)	“To eat”
रो (ro) + ना (Naa)	रोना (roNaa)	“To cry”
पी (pii) + ना (Naa)	पीना (piiNaa)	“To drink”

Changing the verb stem into the infinitive verb form is the first step to take when learning how to conjugate in Hindi. Now that we’re thoroughly familiar with the infinitive verbs, let’s learn about the various personal pronouns used by native Hindi speakers.

With the examples below, we’ll be able to comprehend and observe how verb conjugation works.

4. Hindi Personal Pronouns

Subject	Singular	Plural
1st Person	“I” = मैं (main)	“We” = हम लोग (ham Log)
2nd Person (Casual)	“You” = तुम (Tum) / तू (Tuu)	“You” = तुम लोग (Tum Log)
2nd Person (Formal)	“You” = आप (aap)	“You” = आप लोग (aap Log)
3rd Person	“He” / “She” = वह (vah) / वो (vo)	“They” = ये / वे लोग (ye / ve Log)

Quick Note 1: In the plural pronouns “we,” “you,” and “they,” the word लोग (Log) can be replaced with सब (Sab). As a result, you can also say हम सब (ham Sab), तुम सब (Tum Sab), आप सब (aap Sab), and वे सब (ve Sab).

Quick Note 2: Proximity plays an important role in the usage of pronouns.

• The persons near us are referred to as “They” = ये लोग (ye Log).
• The pronoun for people who are physically far away from us is “They” = वे लोग (ve Log).

Quick Note 3: The formal second person pronouns are also used to denote respect toward the other person. This respect may be based on age difference, level of familiarity, or even personal preference.

5. Regular and Irregular Verb Groups

Compared to English, the Hindi verb conjugation system  has more >regular verbs. That’s not to say there are no irregular verbs in Hindi. But because of their low number (maybe five or six), we mainly focus on the regular verbs.

In this lesson, you’ll see how the Hindi verb conjugations change from one gender to another, and one person to another, based on the tone and tenses.

6. Gender-Based Conjugations

Are you new to the gender-based grammatical know-hows? Then you must check out our latest blog post on Hindi Gender Rules. It’s a great way to refresh yourself on all of the gender rules and concepts that are followed in the Hindi language.

As far as the Hindi verb conjugations are concerned, we’ve narrowed it down to some really simple and practical hints that can take you a long way!

1 – Masculine Conjugations 

• For singular masculine gender, the Hindi verb conjugation usually ends with the -aa sound.
  
  Example:
  बच्चा फल खाता
  baccaa phaL khaaTaa hai.
  “The kid eats the fruit.”

• On the other hand, the conjugated Hindi verbs for plural masculine gender ends with the -e sound.
  
  Example:
  बच्चे फल खाते हैं। 
  bacce phaL khaaTe hain.
  “The kids eat fruit.”

• However, when it comes to paying respect and using a formal tone, natives tend to treat the singular person just like the plural person (i.e. with the -e sound).
  
  Examples:
  आप फल खाते हैं। 
  aap phaL khaaTe hain.
  “You eat fruit.”
  
  पिताजी फल खाते हैं। 
  piTaajii phaL khaaTe hain.
  “Father eats fruit.”

2 – Feminine Conjugations 

• For singular feminine gender, the Hindi conjugation for verbs usually ends with the -ii sound.
  
  Example:
  औरत बाज़ार गयी है। 
  auraT baazaar gayii hai.
  “The woman has gone to the market.”

• On the other hand, the conjugation in Hindi  for plural feminine gender ends with the -iin sound.
  
  Example:
  औरतें बाज़ार गयीं हैं। 
  auraTen baazaar gayiin hain.
  “The women have gone to the market.”

• Similar to what happens with the masculine gender, when it comes to paying respect and using a formal tone, natives tend to treat the singular female person just like the plural (i.e. with the -iin sound).
  
  Example:
  माँ बाज़ार गयीं हैं। 
  maan baazaar gayiin hain.
  “Mother has gone to the market.”

By now, you must have gained a fair amount of confidence in differentiating between the masculine and feminine Hindi verb conjugations. Let’s move forward to another important part of this lesson.

7. Auxiliary Verbs

If you wish to learn about verb conjugations in Hindi grammar, auxiliary verbs are the right step in that direction. Hindi is a language where we happen to use a lot of auxiliary verbs. Unlike in English, tones and the feelings of respect have a lot to do with auxiliary verbs in Hindi. Thus, it’s crucial to first pay attention to auxiliary verbs before trying to learn Hindi conjugation.

To make it more structured and interesting for you, we’ve divided various helping verbs according to the three Hindi tenses.

Let’s start with our first Hindi verb conjugation chart!

1 – Hindi Present Tense Conjugation

	Masculine		Feminine
Singular	Casual / Formal (I)		Casual / Formal (I)
“Am”	हूँ  (huun)	हूँ (huun)	हूँ  (huun)	हूँ (huun)
“Am doing”	कर रहा हूँ (kar rahaa huun)	कर रहा हूँ (kar rahaa huun)	कर रही हूँ (kar rahii huun)	कर रही हूँ (kar rahii huun)
Singular	Casual (He)	Formal (He)	Casual (She)	Formal (She)
“Is”	है (hai)	हैं (hain)	है (hai)	हैं (hain)
“Is doing”	कर रहा है (kar rahaa hai)	कर रहे हैं (kar rahe hain)	कर रही है (kar rahii hai)	कर रही हैं (kar rahii hain)
“Has done”	कर चुका है (kar cukaa hai)	कर चुके हैं (kar cuke hain)	कर चुकी है (kar cukii hai)	कर चुकी हैं (kar cukii hain)
Plural	Casual (We / They)	Formal (We / They)	Casual (We / They)	Formal (We / They)
“Are”	हैं (hain)	हैं (hain)	हैं (hain)	हैं (hain)
“Are doing”	कर रहे हैं (kar rahe hain)	कर रहे हैं (kar rahe hain)	कर रही हैं (kar rahii hain)	कर रही हैं (kar rahii hain)
“Have done”	कर चुके हैं (kar cuke hain)	कर चुके हैं (kar cuke hain)	कर चुकी हैं (kar cukii hain)	कर चुकी हैं (kar cukii hain)

2 – Hindi Past Tense Conjugation

	Masculine		Feminine
Singular	Casual (I / He)	Formal (He)	Casual (I / She)	Formal (She)
“Was”	था  (THaa)	थे (THe)	थी  (THii)	थीं (THiin)
“Was doing”	कर रहा था  (kar rahaa THaa)	कर रहे थे (kar rahe THe)	कर रही थी (kar rahii THii)	कर रही थीं (kar rahii THiin)
“Had done”	कर चुका था  (kar cukaa THaa)	कर चुके थे  (kar cuke THe)	कर चुकी थी  (kar cukii THii)	कर चुकी थीं  (kar cukii THiin)
Plural	Casual (We / They)	Formal (We / They)	Casual (We / They)	Formal (We / They)
“Were”	थे (THe)	थे (THe)	थीं (THiin)	थीं (THiin)
“Were doing”	कर रहे थे (kar rahe THe)	कर रहे थे (kar rahe THe)	कर रही थीं (kar rahii THiin)	कर रही थीं (kar rahii THiin)
“Had done”	कर चुके थे  (kar cuke THe)	कर चुके थे  (kar cuke THe)	कर चुकी थीं  (kar cukii THiin)	कर चुकी थीं  (kar cukii THiin)

3 – Hindi Future Tense Conjugation

	Masculine			Feminine
Singular	Casual / Formal (I)	Casual (He)	Formal (He)	Casual / Formal (I)	Casual (She)	Formal (She)
“Will” / “Shall”	हूँगा  (huungaa)	होगा (hogaa)	होंगे (honge)	हूँगी (huungii)	होगी (hogii)	होंगी (hongii)
“Will have done”	कर चुका हूँगा (kar cukaa huungaa)	कर चुका होगा  (kar cukaa hogaa)	कर चुके होंगे  (kar cuke honge)	कर चुकी हूँगी  (kar cukii huungii)	कर चुकी होगी  (kar cukii hogii)	कर चुकी होंगी  (kar cukii hongii)
Plural	Casual / Formal (We / They)			Casual / Formal (We / They)
“Will” / “Shall”	होंगे  (honge)			होंगी  (hongii)
“Will have done”	कर चुके होंगे (kar cuke honge)			कर चुकी होंगी (kar cukii hongii)

8. Tenses

Although tenses are subdivided into many categories, in Hindi it comes down to the three most important forms. These are simple, continuous,  and perfect forms for each of the three tenses.

Are you ready to explore the Hindi conjugation in different tenses? Study the Hindi verb conjugation tables below to see how it works.

Here we go!

1 – Present Tense

1) “To eat”

	Masculine			Feminine
	Simple Present	Present Continuous	Present Perfect	Simple Present	Present Continuous	Present Perfect
SINGULAR	“Eat(s)”	“Is / Am / Are Eating”	“Has / Have Eaten”	“Eat(s)”	“Is / Am / Are Eating”	“Has / Have Eaten”
मैं (main) “I”	खाता हूँ  (khaaTaa huun)	खा रहा हूँ (khaa rahaa huun)	खा चुका हूँ (khaa cukaa huun)	खाती हूँ (khaaTii huun)	खा रही हूँ (khaa rahii huun)	खा चुकी हूँ (khaa cukii huun)
तुम (Tum) “You” (Casual)	खाते हो  (khaaTe ho)	खा रहे हो  (khaa rahe ho)	खा चुके हो  (khaa cuke ho)	खाती हो  (khaaTii ho)	खा रही हो (khaa rahii ho)	खा चुकी हो (khaa cukii ho)
तू (Tuu) “You” (Casual)	खाता है  (khaaTaa hai)	खा रहा है  (khaa rahaa hai)	खा चुका है  (khaa cukaa hai)	खाती है  (khaaTii hai)	खा रही है (khaa rahii hai)	खा चुकी है (khaa cukii hai)
आप (aap) “You” (Formal)	खाते हैं (khaaTe hain)	खा रहे हैं  (khaa rahe hain)	खा चुके हैं  (khaa cuke hain)	खाती हैं  (khaaTii hain)	खा रही हैं  (khaa rahii hain)	खा चुकी हैं  (khaa cukii hain)
वह (vah) “He” / “She” (Casual)	खाता है (khaaTaa hai)	खा रहा है  (khaa rahaa hai)	खा चुका है  (khaa cukaa hai)	खाती है  (khaaTii hai)	खा रही है  (khaa rahii hai)	खा चुकी है  (khaa cukii hai)
वो (vo) “He” / “She” (Formal)	खाते हैं (khaaTe hain)	खा रहे हैं  (khaa rahe hain)	खा चुके हैं  (khaa cuke hain)	खाती हैं  (khaaTii hain)	खा रही हैं  (khaa rahii hain)	खा चुकी हैं  (khaa cukii hain)
PLURAL	“Eat”	“Are Eating”	“Have Eaten”	“Eat”	“Are Eating”	“Have Eaten”
हम सब (ham Sab) “We”	खाते हैं (khaaTe hain)	खा रहे हैं  (khaa rahe hain)	खा चुके हैं  (khaa cuke hain)	खाती हैं  (khaaTii hain)	खा रही हैं  (khaa rahii hain)	खा चुकी हैं  (khaa cukii hain)
तुम सब (Tum Sab) “You”  (Casual)	खाते हो  (khaaTe ho)	खा रहे हो  (khaa rahe ho)	खा चुके हो  (khaa cuke ho)	खाती हो  (khaaTii ho)	खा रही हो  (khaa rahii ho)	खा चुकी हो  (khaa cukii ho)
आप सब (aap Sab) “You” (Formal)	खाते हैं (khaaTe hain)	खा रहे हैं  (khaa rahe hain)	खा चुके हैं  (khaa cuke hain)	खाती हैं  (khaaTii hain)	खा रही हैं  (khaa rahii hain)	खा चुकी हैं  (khaa cukii hain)
ये सब (ye Sab) “They” (Near)	खाते हैं (khaaTe hain)	खा रहे हैं  (khaa rahe hain)	खा चुके हैं  (khaa cuke hain)	खाती हैं  (khaaTii hain)	खा रही हैं  (khaa rahii hain)	खा चुकी हैं  (khaa cukii hain)
वे सब (ve Sab) “They” (Far)	खाते हैं (khaaTe hain)	खा रहे हैं  (khaa rahe hain)	खा चुके हैं  (khaa cuke hain)	खाती हैं  (khaaTii hain)	खा रही हैं  (khaa rahii hain)	खा चुकी हैं  (khaa cukii hain)

Quick Tip:

Look closely and you’ll find a pattern for Hindi verb conjugations in the present tense.

• The simple present tense ends with – हूँ / -ता है / – ती है / – ते हैं / ती हैं (huun / -Taa hai / -Tii hai / -Te hain / Tii hain).



• The present continuous tense ends with – रहा हूँ / रही हूँ / रहा है / रही है / रहे हैं / रही हैं (rahaa huun / rahii huun / rahaa hai / rahii hai / rahe hain / rahii hain).



• The present perfect tense ends with – चुका हूँ / चुकी हूँ / चुका है / चुकी है / चुके हैं / चुकी हैं (cukaa huun / cukii huun / cukaa hai / cukii hai / cuke hain / cukii hain).

This rule is true for each verb form. Here’s another example for present tense.

2) “To sleep”

	Masculine			Feminine
	Simple Present	Present Continuous	Present Perfect	Simple Present	Present Continuous	Present Perfect
SINGULAR	“Sleep(s)”	“Is / Am / Are Sleeping”	“Has / Have Slept”	“Sleep(s)”	“Is / Am / Are Sleeping”	“Has / Have Slept”
मैं (main) “I”	सोता हूँ  (SoTaa huun)	सो रहा हूँ (So rahaa huun)	सो चुका हूँ (So cukaa huun)	सोती हूँ (SoTii huun)	सो रही हूँ (So rahii huun)	सो चुकी हूँ (So cukii huun)
तुम (Tum) “You” (Casual)	सोते हो  (SoTe ho)	सो रहे हो  (So rahe ho)	सो चुके हो  (So cuke ho)	सोती हो  (SoTii ho)	सो रही हो (So rahii ho	सो चुकी हो (So cukii ho)
तू (Tuu) “You” (Casual)	सोता है  (SoTaa hai)	सो रहा है  (So rahaa hai)	सो चुका है  (So cukaa hai)	सोती है  (SoTii hai)	सो रही है (So rahii hai	सो रही है (So rahii hai
आप (aap) “You” (Formal)	सोते हैं (SoTe hain)	सो रहे हैं  (So rahe hain)	सो चुके हैं  (So cuke hain)	सोती हैं  (SoTii hain)	सो रही हैं  (So rahii hain)	सो चुकी हैं  (So cukii hain)
वह (vah) “He” / “She” (Casual)	सोता है (SoTaa hai)	सो रहा है  (So rahaa hai)	सो चुका है  (So cukaa hai)	सोती है  (SoTii hai)	सो रही है  (So rahii hai)	सो चुकी है  (So cukii hai)
वो (vo) “He” / “She” (Formal)	सोते हैं (SoTe hain)	सो रहे हैं  (So rahe hain)	सो चुके हैं  (So cuke hain)	सोती हैं  (SoTii hain)	सो रही हैं  (So rahii hain)	सो चुकी हैं  (So cukii hain)
PLURAL	“Sleep”	“Are Sleeping”	“Have Slept”	“Sleep”	“Are Sleeping”	“Have Slept”
हम सब (ham Sab) “We”	सोते हैं (SoTe hain)	सो रहे हैं  (So rahe hain)	सो चुके हैं  (So cuke hain)	सोती हैं  (SoTii hain)	सो रही हैं  (So rahii hain)	सो चुकी हैं  (So cukii hain)
तुम सब (Tum Sab) “You”  (Casual)	सोते हो  (SoTe ho)	सो रहे हो  (So rahe ho)	सो चुके हो  (So cuke ho)	सोती हो  (SoTii ho)	सो रही हो  (So rahii ho)	सो चुकी हो  (So cukii ho)
आप सब (aap Sab) “You” (Formal)	सोते हैं (SoTe hain)	सो रहे हैं  (So rahe hain)	सो चुके हैं  (So cuke hain)	सोती हैं  (SoTii hain)	सो रही हैं  (So rahii hain)	सो चुकी हैं  (So cukii hain)
ये सब (ye Sab) “They” (Near)	सोते हैं (SoTe hain)	सो रहे हैं  (So rahe hain)	सो चुके हैं  (So cuke hain)	सोती हैं  (SoTii hain)	सो रही हैं  (So rahii hain)	सो चुकी हैं  (So cukii hain)
वे सब (ve Sab) “They” (Far)	सोते हैं (SoTe hain)	सो रहे हैं  (So rahe hain)	सो चुके हैं  (So cuke hain)	सोती हैं  (SoTii hain)	सो रही हैं  (So rahii hain)	सो चुकी हैं  (So cukii hain)

3) “To go”

	Masculine			Feminine
	Simple Present	Present Continuous	Present Perfect	Simple Present	Present Continuous	Present Perfect
SINGULAR	“Go(es)”	“Is / Am / Are Going”	“Has / Have Gone”	“Go(es)”	“Is / Am / Are Going”	“Has / Have Gone”
मैं (main) “I”	जाता हूँ  (jaaTaa huun)	जा रहा हूँ (jaa rahaa huun)	जा चुका हूँ (jaa cukaa huun)	जाती हूँ (jaaTii huun)	जा रही हूँ (jaa rahii huun)	जा चुकी हूँ (jaa cukii huun)
तुम (Tum) “You” (Casual)	जाते हो  (jaaTe ho)	जा रहे हो  (jaa rahe ho)	जा चुके हो  (jaa cuke ho)	जाती हो  (jaaTii ho)	जा रही हो (jaa rahii ho)	जा चुकी हो (jaa cukii ho)
तू (Tuu) “You” (Casual)	जाता है  (jaaTaa hai)	जा रहा है  (jaa rahaa hai)	जा चुका है  (jaa cukaa hai)	जाती है  (jaaTii hai)	जा रही है (jaa rahii hai)	जा चुकी है (jaa cukii hai)
आप (aap) “You” (Formal)	जाते हैं (jaaTe hain)	जा रहे हैं  (jaa rahe hain)	जा चुके हैं  (jaa cuke hain)	जाती हैं  (jaaTii hain)	जा रही हैं  (jaa rahii hain)	जा चुकी हैं  (jaa cukii hain)
वह (vah) “He” / “She” (Casual)	जाता है (jaaTaa hai)	जा रहा है  (jaa rahaa hai)	जा चुका है  (jaa cukaa hai)	जाती है  (jaaTii hai)	जा रही है  (jaa rahii hai)	जा चुकी है  (jaa cukii hai)
वो (vo) “He” / “She” (Formal)	जाते हैं (jaaTe hain)	जा रहे हैं  (jaa rahe hain)	जा चुके हैं  (jaa cuke hain)	जाती हैं  (jaaTii hain)	जा रही हैं  (jaa rahii hain)	जा चुकी हैं  (jaa cukii hain)
PLURAL	“Go”	“Are Going”	“Have Gone”	“Go”	“Are Going”	“Have Gone”
हम सब (ham Sab) “We”	जाते हैं (jaaTe hain)	जा रहे हैं  (jaa rahe hain)	जा चुके हैं  (jaa cuke hain)	जाती हैं  (jaaTii hain)	जा रही हैं  (jaa rahii hain)	जा चुकी हैं  (jaa cukii hain)
तुम सब (Tum Sab) “You”  (Casual)	जाते हो  (jaaTe ho)	जा रहे हो  (jaa rahe ho)	जा चुके हो  (jaa cuke ho)	जाती हो  (jaaTii ho)	जा रही हो  (jaa rahii ho)	जा चुकी हो  (jaa cukii ho)
आप सब (aap Sab) “You” (Formal)	जाते हैं (jaaTe hain)	जा रहे हैं  (jaa rahe hain)	जा चुके हैं  (jaa cuke hain)	जाती हैं  (jaaTii hain)	जा रही हैं  (jaa rahii hain)	जा चुकी हैं  (jaa cukii hain)
ये सब (ye Sab) “They” (Near)	जाते हैं (jaaTe hain)	जा रहे हैं  (jaa rahe hain)	जा चुके हैं  (jaa cuke hain)	जाती हैं  (jaaTii hain)	जा रही हैं  (jaa rahii hain)	जा चुकी हैं  (jaa cukii hain)
वे सब (ve Sab) “They” (Far)	जाते हैं (jaaTe hain)	जा रहे हैं  (jaa rahe hain)	जा चुके हैं  (jaa cuke hain)	जाती हैं  (jaaTii hain)	जा रही हैं  (jaa rahii hain)	जा चुकी हैं  (jaa cukii hain)

As you can see, the same pattern continues throughout the chart. Now, let’s learn how to conjugate in Hindi for  the past tense.

2 – Past Tense

1) “To eat”

	Masculine			Feminine
	Simple Past	Past Continuous	Past Perfect	Simple Past	Past Continuous	Past Perfect
SINGULAR	“Ate”	“Was / Were Eating”	“Had Eaten”	“Ate”	“Was / Were Eating”	“Had Eaten”
मैं (main) “I”	खाता था  (khaaTaa THaa)	खा रहा था (khaa rahaa THaa)	खा चुका था (khaa cukaa THaa)	खाती थी (khaaTii THii)	खा रही थी (khaa rahii THii)	खा चुकी थी (khaa cukii THii)
तुम (Tum) “You” (Casual)	खाते थे  (khaaTe THe)	खा रहे थे   (khaa rahe THe)	खा चुके थे   (khaa cuke THe)	खाती थी  (khaaTii THii)	खा रही थी (khaa rahii THii)	खा चुकी थी (khaa cukii THii)
तू (Tuu) “You” (Casual)	खाता था  (khaaTaa THaa)	खा रहा था  (khaa rahaa THaa)	खा चुका था  (khaa cukaa THaa)	खाती थी  (khaaTii THii)	खा रही थी (khaa rahii THii)	खा चुकी थी (khaa cukii THii)
आप (aap) “You” (Formal)	खाते थे  (khaaTe THe)	खा रहे थे   (khaa rahe THe)	खा चुके थे   (khaa cuke THe)	खाती थीं  (khaaTii THiin)	खा रही थीं  (khaa rahii THiin)	खा चुकी थीं  (khaa cukii THiin)
वह (vah) “He” / “She” (Casual)	खाता था (khaaTaa THaa)	खा रहा था  (khaa rahaa THaa)	खा चुका था  (khaa cukaa THaa)	खाती थी  (khaaTii THii)	खा रही थी  (khaa rahii THii)	खा चुकी थी  (khaa cukii THii)
वो (vo) “He” / “She” (Formal)	खाते थे  (khaaTe THe)	खा रहे थे   (khaa rahe THe)	खा चुके थे   (khaa cuke THe)	खाती थीं  (khaaTii THiin)	खा रही थीं  (khaa rahii THiin)	खा चुकी थीं  (khaa cukii THiin)
PLURAL	“Ate”	“Were Eating”	“Had Eaten”	“Ate”	“Were Eating”	“Had Eaten”
हम सब (ham Sab) “We”	खाते थे  (khaaTe THe)	खा रहे थे   (khaa rahe THe)	खा चुके थे   (khaa cuke THe)	खाती थीं  (khaaTii THiin)	खा रही थीं  (khaa rahii THiin)	खा चुकी थीं  (khaa cukii THiin)
तुम सब (Tum Sab) “You”  (Casual)	खाते थे   (khaaTe THe)	खा रहे थे  (khaa rahe THe)	खा चुके थे   (khaa cuke THe)	खाती थीं  (khaaTii THiin)	खा रही थीं  (khaa rahii THiin)	खा चुकी थीं  (khaa cukii THiin)
आप सब (aap Sab) “You” (Formal)	खाते थे  (khaaTe THe)	खा रहे थे   (khaa rahe THe)	खा चुके थे   (khaa cuke THe)	खाती थीं  (khaaTii THiin)	खा रही थीं  (khaa rahii THiin)	खा चुकी थीं  (khaa cukii THiin)
ये सब (ye Sab) “They” (Near)	खाते थे  (khaaTe THe)	खा रहे थे   (khaa rahe THe)	खा चुके थे   (khaa cuke THe)	खाती थीं  (khaaTii THiin)	खा रही थीं  (khaa rahii THiin)	खा चुकी थीं  (khaa cukii THiin)
वे सब (ve Sab) “They” (Far)	खाते थे  (khaaTe THe)	खा रहे थे   (khaa rahe THe)	खा चुके थे   (khaa cuke THe)	खाती थीं  (khaaTii THiin)	खा रही थीं  (khaa rahii THiin)	खा चुकी थीं  (khaa cukii THiin)

Quick Tip:

For past tense, the conjugation in Hindi is quite similar to what we saw in the present tense above. If you can memorize a few basic rules, solving the past tense riddle will be child’s play for you!

• The simple past tense ends with –ता था / – ती थी / – ते थे / ती थीं (-Taa THaa / -Tii THii / -Te THe / Tii THiin).



• The past continuous tense ends with रहा था / रही थी / रहे थे / रही थीं (rahaa THaa / rahii THii / rahe THe / rahii THiin).



• The past perfect tense ends with – चुका था / चुकी थी / चुके थे / चुकी थीं (cukaa THaa / cukii THii / cuke THe / cukii THiin).

2) “To sleep”

	Masculine			Feminine
	Simple Past	Past Continuous	Past Perfect	Simple Past	Past Continuous	Past Perfect
SINGULAR	“Slept”	“Was / Were Sleeping”	“Had Slept”	“Slept”	“Was / Were Sleeping”	“Had Slept”
मैं (main) “I”	सोता था  (SoTaa THaa)	सो रहा था (So rahaa THaa)	सो चुका था (So cukaa THaa)	सोती थी (So THii)	सो रही थी (So rahii THii)	सो चुकी थी (So cukii THii)
तुम (Tum) “You” (Casual)	सोते थे  (SoTe THe)	सो रहे थे   (So rahe THe)	सो चुके थे   (So cuke THe)	सोती थी  (SoTii THii)	सो चुकी थी (So cukii THii)	सो चुकी थी (So cukii THii)
तू (Tuu) “You” (Casual)	सोता था  (SoTaa THaa)	सो रहा था  (So rahaa THaa)	सो चुका था  (So cukaa THaa)	सोती थी  (SoTii THii)	सो रही थी (So rahii THii)	सो चुकी थी (So cukii THii)
आप (aap) “You” (Formal)	सोते थे  (SoTe THe)	सो रहे थे   (So rahe THe)	सो चुके थे   (So cuke THe)	सोती थीं  (SoTii THiin)	सो रही थीं  (So rahii THiin)	सो चुकी थीं  (So cukii THiin)
वह (vah) “He” / “She” (Casual)	सोता था (SoTaa THaa)	सो रहा था  (So rahaa THaa)	सो चुका था  (So cukaa THaa)	सोती थी  (SoTii THii)	सो रही थी  (So rahii THii)	सो चुकी थी  (So cukii THii)
वो (vo) “He” / “She” (Formal)	सोते थे  (SoTe THe)	सो रहे थे   (So rahe THe)	सो चुके थे   (So cuke THe)	सोती थीं  (SoTii THiin)	सो रही थीं  (So rahii THiin)	सो चुकी थीं  (So cukii THiin)
PLURAL	“Slept”	“Were Sleeping”	“Had Slept”	“Slept”	“Were Sleeping”	“Had Slept”
हम सब (ham Sab) “We”	सोते थे  (SoTe THe)	सो रहे थे   (So rahe THe)	सो चुके थे   (So cuke THe)	सोती थीं  (SoTii THiin)	सो रही थीं  (So rahii THiin)	सो चुकी थीं  (So cukii THiin)
तुम सब (Tum Sab) “You”  (Casual)	सोते थे   (SoTe THe)	सो रहे थे  (So rahe THe)	सो चुके थे   (So cuke THe)	सोती थीं  (SoTii THiin)	सो रही थीं  (So rahii THiin)	सो चुकी थीं  (So cukii THiin)
आप सब (aap Sab) “You” (Formal)	सोते थे  (SoTe THe)	सो रहे थे   (So rahe THe)	सो चुके थे   (So cuke THe)	सोती थीं  (SoTii THiin)	सो रही थीं  (So rahii THiin)	सो चुकी थीं  (So cukii THiin)
ये सब (ye Sab) “They” (Near)	सोते थे  (SoTe THe)	सो रहे थे   (So rahe THe)	सो चुके थे   (So cuke THe)	सोती थीं  (SoTii THiin)	सो रही थीं  (So rahii THiin)	सो चुकी थीं  (So cukii THiin)
वे सब (ve Sab) “They” (Far)	सोते थे  (SoTe THe)	सो रहे थे   (So rahe THe)	सो चुके थे   (So cuke THe)	सोती थीं  (SoTii THiin)	सो रही थीं  (So rahii THiin)	सो चुकी थीं  (So cukii THiin)

3) “To go”

	Masculine			Feminine
	Simple Past	Past Continuous	Past Perfect	Simple Past	Past Continuous	Past Perfect
SINGULAR	“Went”	“Was / Were Going”	“Had Gone”	“Went”	“Was / Were Going”	“Had Gone”
मैं (main) “I”	जाता था  (jaaTaa THaa)	जा रहा था (jaa rahaa THaa)	जा चुका था (jaa cukaa THaa)	जाती थी (jaaTii THii)	जा रही थी (jaa rahii THii)	जा चुकी थी (jaa cukii THii)
तुम (Tum) “You” (Casual)	जाते थे  (jaaTe THe)	जा रहे थे   (jaa rahe THe)	जा चुके थे   (jaa cuke THe)	जाती थी  (jaaTii THii)	जा रही थी (jaa rahii THii)	जा चुकी थी (jaa cukii THii)
तू (Tuu) “You” (Casual)	जाता था  (jaaTaa THaa)	जा रहा था  (jaa rahaa THaa)	जा चुका था  (jaa cukaa THaa)	जाती थी  (jaaTii THii)	जा रही थी (jaa rahii THii)	जा चुकी थी (jaa cukii THii)
आप (aap) “You” (Formal)	जाते थे  (jaaTe THe)	जा रहे थे   (jaa rahe THe)	जा चुके थे   (jaa cuke THe)	जाती थीं  (jaaTii THiin)	जा रही थीं  (jaa rahii THiin)	जा चुकी थीं  (jaa cukii THiin)
वह (vah) “He” / “She” (Casual)	जाता था (jaaTaa THaa)	जा रहा था  (jaa rahaa THaa)	जा चुका था  (jaa cukaa THaa)	जाती थी  (jaaTii THii)	जा रही थी  (jaa rahii THii)	जा चुकी थी  (jaa cukii THii)
वो (vo) “He” / “She” (Formal)	जाते थे  (jaaTe THe)	जा रहे थे   (jaa rahe THe)	जा चुके थे   (jaa cuke THe)	जाती थीं  (jaaTii THiin)	जा रही थीं  (jaa rahii THiin)	जा चुकी थीं  (jaa cukii THiin)
PLURAL	“Went”	“Were Going”	“Had Gone”	“Went”	“Were Going”	“Had Gone”
हम सब (ham Sab) “We”	जाते थे  (jaaTe THe)	जा रहे थे   (jaa rahe THe)	जा चुके थे   (jaa cuke THe)	जाती थीं  (jaaTii THiin)	जा रही थीं  (jaa rahii THiin)	जा चुकी थीं  (jaa cukii THiin)
तुम सब (Tum Sab) “You”  (Casual)	जाते थे   (jaaTe THe)	जा रहे थे  (jaa rahe THe)	जा चुके थे   (jaa cuke THe)	जाती थीं  (jaaTii THiin)	जा रही थीं  (jaa rahii THiin)	जा चुकी थीं  (jaa cukii THiin)
आप सब (aap Sab) “You” (Formal)	जाते थे  (jaaTe THe)	जा रहे थे   (jaa rahe THe)	जा चुके थे   (jaa cuke THe)	जाती थीं  (jaaTii THiin)	जा रही थीं  (jaa rahii THiin)	जा चुकी थीं  (jaa cukii THiin)
ये सब (ye Sab) “They” (Near)	जाते थे  (jaaTe THe)	जा रहे थे   (jaa rahe THe)	जा चुके थे   (jaa cuke THe)	जाती थीं  (jaaTii THiin)	जा रही थीं  (jaa rahii THiin)	जा चुकी थीं  (jaa cukii THiin)
वे सब (ve Sab) “They” (Far)	जाते थे  (jaaTe THe)	जा रहे थे   (jaa rahe THe)	जा चुके थे   (jaa cuke THe)	जाती थीं  (jaaTii THiin)	जा रही थीं  (jaa rahii THiin)	जा चुकी थीं  (jaa cukii THiin)

3 – Future Tense

1) “To eat”

	Masculine			Feminine
	Simple Future	Future Continuous	Future Perfect	Simple Future	Future Continuous	Future Perfect
SINGULAR	“Will Eat”	“Will Be Eating”	“Will Have Eaten”	“Will Eat”	“Will Be Eating”	“Will Have Eaten”
मैं (main) “I”	खाऊंगा (khaauungaa)	खा रहा होऊंगा (khaa rahaa houungaa)	खा चुका होऊंगा (khaa cukaa houungaa)	खाऊंगा (khaauungii)	खा रही होऊंगी (khaa rahii houungii)	खा चुकी होऊंगी (khaa cukii houungii)
तुम (Tum) “You” (Casual)	खाओगे  (khaaoge)	खा रहे होगे  (khaa rahe hoge)	खा चुके होगे  (khaa cuke hoge)	खाओगी  (khaaogii)	खा रही होगी (khaa rahii hogii)	खा चुकी होगी (khaa cukii hogii)
तू (Tuu) “You” (Casual)	खाएगा  (khaayegaa)	खा रहा होगा  (khaa rahaa hogaa)	खा चुका होगा (khaa cukaa hogaa)	खाएगी  (khaayegii)	खा रही होगी (khaa rahii hogii)	खा चुकी होगी (khaa cukii hogii)
आप (aap) “You” (Formal)	खाएंगे (khaayenge)	खा रहे होंगे (khaa rahe honge)	खा चुके होंगे (khaa cuke honge)	खायेंगी  (khaayengii)	खा रही होंगी (khaa rahii hongii)	खा चुकी होंगी (khaa cukii hongii)
वह (vah) “He” / “She” (Casual)	खाएगा (khaayegaa)	खा रहा होगा  (khaa rahaa hogaa)	खा चुका होगा  (khaa cukaa hogaa)	खाएगी  (khaayegii)	खा रही होगी (khaa rahii hogii)	खा चुकी होगी (khaa cukii hogii)
वो (vo) “He” / “She” (Formal)	खाएंगे (khaayenge)	खा रहे होंगे (khaa rahe honge)	खा चुके होंगे  (khaa cuke honge)	खायेंगी  (khaayengii)	खा रही होंगी (khaa rahii hongii)	खा चुकी होंगी (khaa cukii hongii)
PLURAL	“Will Eat”	“Will Be Eating”	“Will Have Eaten”	“Will Eat”	“Will Be Eating”	“Will Have Eaten”
हम सब (ham Sab) “We”	खाएंगे (khaayenge)	खा रहे होंगे (khaa rahe honge)	खा चुके होंगे  (khaa cuke honge)	खायेंगी  (khaayengii)	खा रही होंगी (khaa rahii hongii)	खा चुकी होंगी (khaa cukii hongii)
तुम सब (Tum Sab) “You”  (Casual)	खाओगे  (khaaoge)	खा रहे होगे  (khaa rahe hoge)	खा चुके होगे  (khaa cuke hoge)	खाओगी  (khaaogii)	खा रही होगी (khaa rahii hogii)	खा चुकी होगी (khaa cukii hogii)
आप सब (aap Sab) “You” (Formal)	खाएंगे (khaayenge)	खा रहे होंगे (khaa rahe honge)	खा चुके होंगे  (khaa cuke honge)	खायेंगी  (khaayengii)	खा रही होंगी (khaa rahii hongii)	खा चुकी होंगी (khaa cukii hongii)
ये सब (ye Sab) “They” (Near)	खाएंगे (khaayenge)	खा रहे होंगे (khaa rahe honge)	खा चुके होंगे  (khaa cuke honge)	खायेंगी  (khaayengii)	खा रही होंगी (khaa rahii hongii)	खा चुकी होंगी (khaa cukii hongii)
वे सब (ve Sab) “They” (Far)	खाएंगे (khaayenge)	खा रहे होंगे (khaa rahe honge)	खा चुके होंगे  (khaa cuke honge)	खायेंगी  (khaayengii)	खा रही होंगी (khaa rahii hongii)	खा चुकी होंगी (khaa cukii hongii)

Quick Tip:

In future tense, conjugation isn’t affected too much by the person. However, it’s worth looking at the minor inflection changes in the verb forms.

• The simple future tense ends with हूँगा / हूँगी / होगा / होगी / होंगे / होंगी (huungaa / huungii / hogaa / hogii / honge / hongii).


• The future continuous tense ends with रहा हूँगा / रही हूँगी / रहा होगा / रही होगी / रहे होंगे / रही होंगी (raha huungaa / rahii huungii / rahaa hogaa / rahii hogii / rahe honge / rahii hongii).


• The future perfect tense ends with चुका हूँगा / चुकी हूँगी / चुका होगा / चुकी होगी / चुके होंगे / चुकी होंगी (cukaa huunga / cukii huungi / cukaa hogaa / cukii hogii / cuke honge / cukii hongii).

Now, here’s two more Hindi conjugation charts for you! 

2) “To sleep”

	Masculine			Feminine
	Simple Future	Future Continuous	Future Perfect	Simple Future	Future Continuous	Future Perfect
SINGULAR	“Will Sleep”	“Will Be Sleeping”	“Will Have Slept”	“Will Sleep”	“Will Be Sleeping”	“Will Have Slept”
मैं (main) “I”	सोऊंगा (Souungaa)	सो रहा होऊंगा (So rahaa houungaa)	सो चुका होऊंगा (So cukaa houungaa)	सोऊंगी (Souungii)	सो रही होऊंगी (So rahii houungii)	सो चुकी होऊंगी (So cukii houungii)
तुम (Tum) “You” (Casual)	सोओगे  (So-oge)	सो रहे होगे  (So rahe hoge)	सो चुके होगे  (So cuke hoge)	सोओगी  (So-ogii)	सो रही होगी (So rahii hogii)	सो चुकी होगी (So cukii hogii)
तू (Tuu) “You” (Casual)	सोएगा  (Soyegaa)	सो रहा होगा  (So rahaa hogaa)	सो चुका होगा (So cukaa hogaa)	सोएगी  (Soyegii)	सो रही होगी (So rahii hogii)	सो चुकी होगी (So cukii hogii)
आप (aap) “You” (Formal)	सोएंगे (Soyenge)	सो रहे होंगे (So rahe honge)	सो चुके होंगे (So cuke honge)	सोयेंगी  (Soyengii)	सो रही होंगी (So rahii hongii)	सो चुकी होंगी (So cukii hongii)
वह (vah) “He” / “She” (Casual)	सोएगा (Soyegaa)	सो रहा होगा  (So rahaa hogaa)	सो चुका होगा  (So cukaa hogaa)	सोएगी  (Soyegii)	सो रही होगी (So rahii hogii)	सो चुकी होगी (So cukii hogii)
वो (vo) “He” / “She” (Formal)	सोएंगे (Soyenge)	सो रहे होंगे (So rahe honge)	सो चुके होंगे  (So cuke honge)	सोयेंगी  (Soyengii)	सो रही होंगी (So rahii hongii)	सो चुकी होंगी (So cukii hongii)
PLURAL	“Will Sleep”	“Will Be Sleeping”	“Will Have Slept”	“Will Sleep”	“Will Be Sleeping”	“Will Have Slept”
हम सब (ham Sab) “We”	सोएंगे (Soyenge)	सो रहे होंगे (So rahe honge)	सो चुके होंगे  (So cuke honge)	सोयेंगी  (Soyengii)	सो रही होंगी (So rahii hongii)	सो चुकी होंगी (So cukii hongii)
तुम सब (Tum Sab) “You”  (Casual)	सोओगे  (So-oge)	सो रहे होगे  (So rahe hoge)	सो चुके होगे  (So cuke hoge)	सोओगी  (So-ogii)	सो रही होगी (So rahii hogii)	सो चुकी होगी (So cukii hogii)
आप सब (aap Sab) “You” (Formal)	सोएंगे (Soyenge)	सो रहे होंगे (So rahe honge)	सो चुके होंगे  (So cuke honge)	सोयेंगी  (Soyengii)	सो रही होंगी (So rahii hongii)	सो चुकी होंगी (So cukii hongii)
ये सब (ye Sab) “They” (Near)	सोएंगे (Soyenge)	सो रहे होंगे (So rahe honge)	सो चुके होंगे  (So cuke honge)	सोयेंगी  (Soyengii)	सो रही होंगी (So rahii hongii)	सो चुकी होंगी (So cukii hongii)
वे सब (ve Sab) “They” (Far)	सोएंगे (Soyenge)	सो रहे होंगे (So rahe honge)	सो चुके होंगे  (So cuke honge)	सोयेंगी  (Soyengii)	सो रही होंगी (So rahii hongii)	सो चुकी होंगी (So cukii hongii)

3) “To go”

	Masculine			Feminine
	Simple Future	Future Continuous	Future Perfect	Simple Future	Future Continuous	Future Perfect
SINGULAR	“Will Go”	“Will Be Going”	“Will Have Gone”	“Will Go”	“Will Be Going”	“Will Have Gone”
मैं (main) “I”	जाऊंगा (jaauungaa)	जा रहा होऊंगा (jaa rahaa houungaa)	जा चुका होऊंगा (jaa cukaa houungaa)	जाऊंगी (jaauungii)	जा रही होऊंगी (jaa rahii houungii)	जा चुकी होऊंगी (jaa cukii houungii)
तुम (Tum) “You” (Casual)	जाओगे  (jaaoge)	जा रहे होगे  (jaa rahe hoge)	जा चुके होगे  (jaa cuke hoge)	जाओगी  (jaaogii)	जा रही होगी (jaa rahii hogii)	जा चुकी होगी (jaa cukii hogii)
तू (Tuu) “You” (Casual)	जाएगा  (jaayegaa)	जा रहा होगा  (jaa rahaa hogaa)	जा चुका होगा (jaa cukaa hogaa)	जाएगी  (jaayegii)	जा रही होगी (jaa rahii hogii)	जा चुकी होगी (jaa cukii hogii)
आप (aap) “You” (Formal)	जाएंगे (jaayenge)	जा रहे होंगे (jaa rahe honge)	जा चुके होंगे (jaa cuke honge)	जायेंगी  (jaayengii)	जा रही होंगी (jaa rahii hongii)	जा चुकी होंगी (jaa cukii hongii)
वह (vah) “He” / “She” (Casual)	जाएगा (jaayegaa)	जा रहा होगा  (jaa rahaa hogaa)	जा चुका होगा  (jaa cukaa hogaa)	जाएगी  (jaayegii)	जा रही होगी (jaa rahii hogii)	जा चुकी होगी (jaa cukii hogii)
वो (vo) “He” / “She” (Formal)	जाएंगे (jaayenge)	जा रहे होंगे (jaa rahe honge)	जा चुके होंगे  (jaa cuke honge)	जायेंगी  (jaayengii)	जा रही होंगी (jaa rahii hongii)	जा चुकी होंगी (jaa cukii hongii)
PLURAL	“Will Go”	“Will Be Going”	“Will Have Gone”	“Will Go”	“Will Be Going”	“Will Have Gone”
हम सब (ham Sab) “We”	जाएंगे (jaayenge)	जा रहे होंगे (jaa rahe honge)	जा चुके होंगे  (jaa cuke honge)	जायेंगी  (jaayengii)	जा रही होंगी (jaa rahii hongii)	जा चुकी होंगी (jaa cukii hongii)
तुम सब (Tum Sab) “You”  (Casual)	जाओगे  (jaaoge)	जा रहे होगे  (jaa rahe hoge)	जा चुके होगे  (jaa cuke hoge)	जाओगी  (jaaogii)	जा रही होगी (jaa rahii hogii)	जा चुकी होगी (jaa cukii hogii)
आप सब (aap Sab) “You” (Formal)	जाएंगे (jaayenge)	जा रहे होंगे (jaa rahe honge)	जा चुके होंगे  (jaa cuke honge)	जायेंगी  (jaayengii)	जा रही होंगी (jaa rahii hongii)	जा चुकी होंगी (jaa cukii hongii)
ये सब (ye Sab) “They” (Near)	जाएंगे (jaayenge)	जा रहे होंगे (jaa rahe honge)	जा चुके होंगे  (jaa cuke honge)	जायेंगी  (jaayengii)	जा रही होंगी (jaa rahii hongii)	जा चुकी होंगी (jaa cukii hongii)
वे सब (ve Sab) “They” (Far)	जाएंगे (jaayenge)	जा रहे होंगे (jaa rahe honge)	जा चुके होंगे  (jaa cuke honge)	जायेंगी  (jaayengii)	जा रही होंगी (jaa rahii hongii)	जा चुकी होंगी (jaa cukii hongii)

9. It’s Quiz Time!

Did you learn and understand how Hindi conjugations work with all of the examples above? How about we put our neurons to work and try to solve these easy-breezy verb conjugation questions!

Read these five simple statements and figure out the appropriate verb conjugation for each. The infinitive form for the required verb is already given.

1. बच्चे (कूदना ) _______. [ bacce (kuuDaNaa) __________ ]
   “The kids are jumping.”
   
   a. कूदते हैं (kuuDaTe hain)
   b. कूद रहे हैं (kuuD rahe hain)
   c. कूद चुके हैं (kuuD cuke hain)


2. वह रोज़ पत्र (लिखना ) ____________. [ vah roz paTr (LikhaNaa) _________ ]
   “She will write a letter everyday.”
   
   a. लिखेगा (Likhegaa)
   b. लिखेंगे (Likhenge)
   c. लिखेगी (Likhegii)


3. पिताजी फल (खाना ) ____________. [ piTaajii phaL (khaaNaa) _________ ]
   
   a./खा चुके थे (khaa cuke THe)
   b./खा चुका था (khaa cukaa THaa)
   c./खा रहे थे (khaa rahe THe)


4. जॉन कल स्कूल (जाना ) ______. [ jauN kaL SkuuL (jaaNaa) __________ ]
   (“John was going to school yesterday.”)
   
   a. जाता होगा (jaaTaa hogaa)
   b. जा रहा था (jaa rahaa THaa)
   c. जा रहा है (jaa rahaa hai)


5. मैं जूस नहीं (पीना ) ______. [ maiN juuS Nahiin (piiNaa) __________ ]
   (“I don’t drink juices.”)
   
   a.पीता था (piiTaa THaa)
   b.पीता हूँगा (piiTaa huungaa)
   c.पीता हूँ (piiTaa huun)

Solutions

1. Correct Answer: (b) कूद रहे हैं (kuuD rahe hain).

Reason: The statement “The kids are jumping,” is in the present continuous tense. In Hindi, the plural forms in present continuous end with रहे हैं (rahe hain). Thus, the option (b).

2. Correct Answer: (a) लिखेगी (Likhegii).

Reason: The sentence “She will write a letter everyday,” is in the simple future tense. The feminine pronouns in simple future end with – गी (gii). Thus, option (a).

3. Correct Answer: (a) खा चुके थे (khaa cuke THe).

Reason: “Father had eaten the fruits.” Although “father” is a singular noun, he is a respectable figure. When we use the respectful tone, the plural verb conjugation is applied for singular nouns / pronouns. Moreover, this sentence is in the past perfect tense, which usually ends with -चुके थे (cuke THe). Thus, option (a).

4. Correct Answer: (b) जा रहा था (jaa rahaa THaa).

Reason: “John was going to school yesterday.” It’s a plain case of the past continuous tense, which typically ends with – रहा था (rahaa THaa). Thus, option (b).

5. Correct Answer: (c) पीता हूँ (piiTaa huun).

Reason: “I don’t drink juices,” is a simple present tense sentence. In Hindi, such statements end with –ता हूँ (Taa huun). Thus, option (c).

10. Reach the Next Level with HindiPod101.com

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