As a beginner, you must have realized by now how important the topic of Hindi verb conjugation is! Yet this is a topic that leaves many people scratching their heads. The million-dollar question is “Why is it so essential to learn about conjugations in the Hindi language?” Well, here’s the answer. Hindi verb conjugation is a fundamental part of the Hindi language. After all, Hindi conjugation is unique compared to conjugation in other languages, and expresses the different verb forms based on various factors. Without Hindi verb conjugation, it would be difficult to make sense of any sentence structure or even the context of a conversation.

Table of Contents

1. Factors that Affect Hindi Conjugation
2. What is Conjugation in Hindi?
3. The Infinitive Verb Form in Hindi
4. Hindi Personal Pronouns
5. Regular and Irregular Verb Groups
6. Gender-Based Conjugations
7. Auxiliary Verbs
8. Tenses
9. It’s Quiz Time!
10. Reach the Next Level with HindiPod101.com

1. Factors that Affect Hindi Conjugation

There are a handful of factors that are responsible for the modifications that take place in Hindi conjugations:

• Gender
• Subject / Person
• Number of people
• Tone
• Tense

Below, we’ll be covering all of these factors in a variety of ways, and see how the inflected verb form changes accordingly.

2. What is Conjugation in Hindi?

Conjugation is the inflection of the verb forms due to different essential factors. In Hindi, “conjugation” is called संयोजन (SanyojaN). The phrase “verb conjugation” is translated as क्रिया संयुग्मन (kriyaa SanyugmaN).

Now, in the conjugation of Hindi verbs, there are several elements to keep in mind. These include person (I, she, you, we, etc.), number of subjects, tenses, gender, and politeness level. 

3. The Infinitive Verb Form in Hindi

Before we can understand the more detailed Hindi verb conjugation rules, we must delve into the most fundamental infinitive verb form.

To begin, let’s look at the Hindi “to be” conjugation, which is basically known as the Hindi -na verb conjugation. This is because, to conjugate this verb, you need to add ना (Naa) to the end. What does this mean?

Well, for any infinitive verb, the structure would be:

• Verb stem + ना (Naa)

So every verb stem would have ना (Naa) as a suffix.

Here are a few examples to help you grasp this conjugation in Hindi:

Verb Stem + Infinitive Suffix	Infinitive Verb Form	English Meaning
बोल (boL) + ना (Naa)	बोलना (boLaNaa)	“To speak”
सो (So) + ना (Naa)	सोना (SoNaa)	“To sleep”
जा (jaa) + ना (Naa)	जाना (jaaNaa)	“To go”

Easy, isn’t it? Now, let’s try the same process with a couple of other common verbs.

Verb Stem + Infinitive Suffix	Infinitive Verb Form	English Meaning
खा (khaa) + ना (Naa)	खाना (khaaNaa)	“To eat”
रो (ro) + ना (Naa)	रोना (roNaa)	“To cry”
पी (pii) + ना (Naa)	पीना (piiNaa)	“To drink”

Changing the verb stem into the infinitive verb form is the first step to take when learning how to conjugate in Hindi. Now that we’re thoroughly familiar with the infinitive verbs, let’s learn about the various personal pronouns used by native Hindi speakers.

With the examples below, we’ll be able to comprehend and observe how verb conjugation works.

4. Hindi Personal Pronouns

Subject	Singular	Plural
1st Person	“I” = मैं (main)	“We” = हम लोग (ham Log)
2nd Person (Casual)	“You” = तुम (Tum) / तू (Tuu)	“You” = तुम लोग (Tum Log)
2nd Person (Formal)	“You” = आप (aap)	“You” = आप लोग (aap Log)
3rd Person	“He” / “She” = वह (vah) / वो (vo)	“They” = ये / वे लोग (ye / ve Log)

Quick Note 1: In the plural pronouns “we,” “you,” and “they,” the word लोग (Log) can be replaced with सब (Sab). As a result, you can also say हम सब (ham Sab), तुम सब (Tum Sab), आप सब (aap Sab), and वे सब (ve Sab).

Quick Note 2: Proximity plays an important role in the usage of pronouns.

• The persons near us are referred to as “They” = ये लोग (ye Log).
• The pronoun for people who are physically far away from us is “They” = वे लोग (ve Log).

Quick Note 3: The formal second person pronouns are also used to denote respect toward the other person. This respect may be based on age difference, level of familiarity, or even personal preference.

5. Regular and Irregular Verb Groups

Compared to English, the Hindi verb conjugation system  has more >regular verbs. That’s not to say there are no irregular verbs in Hindi. But because of their low number (maybe five or six), we mainly focus on the regular verbs.

In this lesson, you’ll see how the Hindi verb conjugations change from one gender to another, and one person to another, based on the tone and tenses.

6. Gender-Based Conjugations

Are you new to the gender-based grammatical know-hows? Then you must check out our latest blog post on Hindi Gender Rules. It’s a great way to refresh yourself on all of the gender rules and concepts that are followed in the Hindi language.

As far as the Hindi verb conjugations are concerned, we’ve narrowed it down to some really simple and practical hints that can take you a long way!

1 – Masculine Conjugations 

• For singular masculine gender, the Hindi verb conjugation usually ends with the -aa sound.
  
  Example:
  बच्चा फल खाता
  baccaa phaL khaaTaa hai.
  “The kid eats the fruit.”

• On the other hand, the conjugated Hindi verbs for plural masculine gender ends with the -e sound.
  
  Example:
  बच्चे फल खाते हैं। 
  bacce phaL khaaTe hain.
  “The kids eat fruit.”

• However, when it comes to paying respect and using a formal tone, natives tend to treat the singular person just like the plural person (i.e. with the -e sound).
  
  Examples:
  आप फल खाते हैं। 
  aap phaL khaaTe hain.
  “You eat fruit.”
  
  पिताजी फल खाते हैं। 
  piTaajii phaL khaaTe hain.
  “Father eats fruit.”

2 – Feminine Conjugations 

• For singular feminine gender, the Hindi conjugation for verbs usually ends with the -ii sound.
  
  Example:
  औरत बाज़ार गयी है। 
  auraT baazaar gayii hai.
  “The woman has gone to the market.”

• On the other hand, the conjugation in Hindi  for plural feminine gender ends with the -iin sound.
  
  Example:
  औरतें बाज़ार गयीं हैं। 
  auraTen baazaar gayiin hain.
  “The women have gone to the market.”

• Similar to what happens with the masculine gender, when it comes to paying respect and using a formal tone, natives tend to treat the singular female person just like the plural (i.e. with the -iin sound).
  
  Example:
  माँ बाज़ार गयीं हैं। 
  maan baazaar gayiin hain.
  “Mother has gone to the market.”

By now, you must have gained a fair amount of confidence in differentiating between the masculine and feminine Hindi verb conjugations. Let’s move forward to another important part of this lesson.

7. Auxiliary Verbs

If you wish to learn about verb conjugations in Hindi grammar, auxiliary verbs are the right step in that direction. Hindi is a language where we happen to use a lot of auxiliary verbs. Unlike in English, tones and the feelings of respect have a lot to do with auxiliary verbs in Hindi. Thus, it’s crucial to first pay attention to auxiliary verbs before trying to learn Hindi conjugation.

To make it more structured and interesting for you, we’ve divided various helping verbs according to the three Hindi tenses.

Let’s start with our first Hindi verb conjugation chart!

1 – Hindi Present Tense Conjugation

	Masculine		Feminine
Singular	Casual / Formal (I)		Casual / Formal (I)
“Am”	हूँ  (huun)	हूँ (huun)	हूँ  (huun)	हूँ (huun)
“Am doing”	कर रहा हूँ (kar rahaa huun)	कर रहा हूँ (kar rahaa huun)	कर रही हूँ (kar rahii huun)	कर रही हूँ (kar rahii huun)
Singular	Casual (He)	Formal (He)	Casual (She)	Formal (She)
“Is”	है (hai)	हैं (hain)	है (hai)	हैं (hain)
“Is doing”	कर रहा है (kar rahaa hai)	कर रहे हैं (kar rahe hain)	कर रही है (kar rahii hai)	कर रही हैं (kar rahii hain)
“Has done”	कर चुका है (kar cukaa hai)	कर चुके हैं (kar cuke hain)	कर चुकी है (kar cukii hai)	कर चुकी हैं (kar cukii hain)
Plural	Casual (We / They)	Formal (We / They)	Casual (We / They)	Formal (We / They)
“Are”	हैं (hain)	हैं (hain)	हैं (hain)	हैं (hain)
“Are doing”	कर रहे हैं (kar rahe hain)	कर रहे हैं (kar rahe hain)	कर रही हैं (kar rahii hain)	कर रही हैं (kar rahii hain)
“Have done”	कर चुके हैं (kar cuke hain)	कर चुके हैं (kar cuke hain)	कर चुकी हैं (kar cukii hain)	कर चुकी हैं (kar cukii hain)

2 – Hindi Past Tense Conjugation

	Masculine		Feminine
Singular	Casual (I / He)	Formal (He)	Casual (I / She)	Formal (She)
“Was”	था  (THaa)	थे (THe)	थी  (THii)	थीं (THiin)
“Was doing”	कर रहा था  (kar rahaa THaa)	कर रहे थे (kar rahe THe)	कर रही थी (kar rahii THii)	कर रही थीं (kar rahii THiin)
“Had done”	कर चुका था  (kar cukaa THaa)	कर चुके थे  (kar cuke THe)	कर चुकी थी  (kar cukii THii)	कर चुकी थीं  (kar cukii THiin)
Plural	Casual (We / They)	Formal (We / They)	Casual (We / They)	Formal (We / They)
“Were”	थे (THe)	थे (THe)	थीं (THiin)	थीं (THiin)
“Were doing”	कर रहे थे (kar rahe THe)	कर रहे थे (kar rahe THe)	कर रही थीं (kar rahii THiin)	कर रही थीं (kar rahii THiin)
“Had done”	कर चुके थे  (kar cuke THe)	कर चुके थे  (kar cuke THe)	कर चुकी थीं  (kar cukii THiin)	कर चुकी थीं  (kar cukii THiin)

3 – Hindi Future Tense Conjugation

	Masculine			Feminine
Singular	Casual / Formal (I)	Casual (He)	Formal (He)	Casual / Formal (I)	Casual (She)	Formal (She)
“Will” / “Shall”	हूँगा  (huungaa)	होगा (hogaa)	होंगे (honge)	हूँगी (huungii)	होगी (hogii)	होंगी (hongii)
“Will have done”	कर चुका हूँगा (kar cukaa huungaa)	कर चुका होगा  (kar cukaa hogaa)	कर चुके होंगे  (kar cuke honge)	कर चुकी हूँगी  (kar cukii huungii)	कर चुकी होगी  (kar cukii hogii)	कर चुकी होंगी  (kar cukii hongii)
Plural	Casual / Formal (We / They)			Casual / Formal (We / They)
“Will” / “Shall”	होंगे  (honge)			होंगी  (hongii)
“Will have done”	कर चुके होंगे (kar cuke honge)			कर चुकी होंगी (kar cukii hongii)

8. Tenses

Although tenses are subdivided into many categories, in Hindi it comes down to the three most important forms. These are simple, continuous,  and perfect forms for each of the three tenses.

Are you ready to explore the Hindi conjugation in different tenses? Study the Hindi verb conjugation tables below to see how it works.

Here we go!

1 – Present Tense

1) “To eat”

	Masculine			Feminine
	Simple Present	Present Continuous	Present Perfect	Simple Present	Present Continuous	Present Perfect
SINGULAR	“Eat(s)”	“Is / Am / Are Eating”	“Has / Have Eaten”	“Eat(s)”	“Is / Am / Are Eating”	“Has / Have Eaten”
मैं (main) “I”	खाता हूँ  (khaaTaa huun)	खा रहा हूँ (khaa rahaa huun)	खा चुका हूँ (khaa cukaa huun)	खाती हूँ (khaaTii huun)	खा रही हूँ (khaa rahii huun)	खा चुकी हूँ (khaa cukii huun)
तुम (Tum) “You” (Casual)	खाते हो  (khaaTe ho)	खा रहे हो  (khaa rahe ho)	खा चुके हो  (khaa cuke ho)	खाती हो  (khaaTii ho)	खा रही हो (khaa rahii ho)	खा चुकी हो (khaa cukii ho)
तू (Tuu) “You” (Casual)	खाता है  (khaaTaa hai)	खा रहा है  (khaa rahaa hai)	खा चुका है  (khaa cukaa hai)	खाती है  (khaaTii hai)	खा रही है (khaa rahii hai)	खा चुकी है (khaa cukii hai)
आप (aap) “You” (Formal)	खाते हैं (khaaTe hain)	खा रहे हैं  (khaa rahe hain)	खा चुके हैं  (khaa cuke hain)	खाती हैं  (khaaTii hain)	खा रही हैं  (khaa rahii hain)	खा चुकी हैं  (khaa cukii hain)
वह (vah) “He” / “She” (Casual)	खाता है (khaaTaa hai)	खा रहा है  (khaa rahaa hai)	खा चुका है  (khaa cukaa hai)	खाती है  (khaaTii hai)	खा रही है  (khaa rahii hai)	खा चुकी है  (khaa cukii hai)
वो (vo) “He” / “She” (Formal)	खाते हैं (khaaTe hain)	खा रहे हैं  (khaa rahe hain)	खा चुके हैं  (khaa cuke hain)	खाती हैं  (khaaTii hain)	खा रही हैं  (khaa rahii hain)	खा चुकी हैं  (khaa cukii hain)
PLURAL	“Eat”	“Are Eating”	“Have Eaten”	“Eat”	“Are Eating”	“Have Eaten”
हम सब (ham Sab) “We”	खाते हैं (khaaTe hain)	खा रहे हैं  (khaa rahe hain)	खा चुके हैं  (khaa cuke hain)	खाती हैं  (khaaTii hain)	खा रही हैं  (khaa rahii hain)	खा चुकी हैं  (khaa cukii hain)
तुम सब (Tum Sab) “You”  (Casual)	खाते हो  (khaaTe ho)	खा रहे हो  (khaa rahe ho)	खा चुके हो  (khaa cuke ho)	खाती हो  (khaaTii ho)	खा रही हो  (khaa rahii ho)	खा चुकी हो  (khaa cukii ho)
आप सब (aap Sab) “You” (Formal)	खाते हैं (khaaTe hain)	खा रहे हैं  (khaa rahe hain)	खा चुके हैं  (khaa cuke hain)	खाती हैं  (khaaTii hain)	खा रही हैं  (khaa rahii hain)	खा चुकी हैं  (khaa cukii hain)
ये सब (ye Sab) “They” (Near)	खाते हैं (khaaTe hain)	खा रहे हैं  (khaa rahe hain)	खा चुके हैं  (khaa cuke hain)	खाती हैं  (khaaTii hain)	खा रही हैं  (khaa rahii hain)	खा चुकी हैं  (khaa cukii hain)
वे सब (ve Sab) “They” (Far)	खाते हैं (khaaTe hain)	खा रहे हैं  (khaa rahe hain)	खा चुके हैं  (khaa cuke hain)	खाती हैं  (khaaTii hain)	खा रही हैं  (khaa rahii hain)	खा चुकी हैं  (khaa cukii hain)

Quick Tip:

Look closely and you’ll find a pattern for Hindi verb conjugations in the present tense.

• The simple present tense ends with – हूँ / -ता है / – ती है / – ते हैं / ती हैं (huun / -Taa hai / -Tii hai / -Te hain / Tii hain).



• The present continuous tense ends with – रहा हूँ / रही हूँ / रहा है / रही है / रहे हैं / रही हैं (rahaa huun / rahii huun / rahaa hai / rahii hai / rahe hain / rahii hain).



• The present perfect tense ends with – चुका हूँ / चुकी हूँ / चुका है / चुकी है / चुके हैं / चुकी हैं (cukaa huun / cukii huun / cukaa hai / cukii hai / cuke hain / cukii hain).

This rule is true for each verb form. Here’s another example for present tense.

2) “To sleep”

	Masculine			Feminine
	Simple Present	Present Continuous	Present Perfect	Simple Present	Present Continuous	Present Perfect
SINGULAR	“Sleep(s)”	“Is / Am / Are Sleeping”	“Has / Have Slept”	“Sleep(s)”	“Is / Am / Are Sleeping”	“Has / Have Slept”
मैं (main) “I”	सोता हूँ  (SoTaa huun)	सो रहा हूँ (So rahaa huun)	सो चुका हूँ (So cukaa huun)	सोती हूँ (SoTii huun)	सो रही हूँ (So rahii huun)	सो चुकी हूँ (So cukii huun)
तुम (Tum) “You” (Casual)	सोते हो  (SoTe ho)	सो रहे हो  (So rahe ho)	सो चुके हो  (So cuke ho)	सोती हो  (SoTii ho)	सो रही हो (So rahii ho	सो चुकी हो (So cukii ho)
तू (Tuu) “You” (Casual)	सोता है  (SoTaa hai)	सो रहा है  (So rahaa hai)	सो चुका है  (So cukaa hai)	सोती है  (SoTii hai)	सो रही है (So rahii hai	सो रही है (So rahii hai
आप (aap) “You” (Formal)	सोते हैं (SoTe hain)	सो रहे हैं  (So rahe hain)	सो चुके हैं  (So cuke hain)	सोती हैं  (SoTii hain)	सो रही हैं  (So rahii hain)	सो चुकी हैं  (So cukii hain)
वह (vah) “He” / “She” (Casual)	सोता है (SoTaa hai)	सो रहा है  (So rahaa hai)	सो चुका है  (So cukaa hai)	सोती है  (SoTii hai)	सो रही है  (So rahii hai)	सो चुकी है  (So cukii hai)
वो (vo) “He” / “She” (Formal)	सोते हैं (SoTe hain)	सो रहे हैं  (So rahe hain)	सो चुके हैं  (So cuke hain)	सोती हैं  (SoTii hain)	सो रही हैं  (So rahii hain)	सो चुकी हैं  (So cukii hain)
PLURAL	“Sleep”	“Are Sleeping”	“Have Slept”	“Sleep”	“Are Sleeping”	“Have Slept”
हम सब (ham Sab) “We”	सोते हैं (SoTe hain)	सो रहे हैं  (So rahe hain)	सो चुके हैं  (So cuke hain)	सोती हैं  (SoTii hain)	सो रही हैं  (So rahii hain)	सो चुकी हैं  (So cukii hain)
तुम सब (Tum Sab) “You”  (Casual)	सोते हो  (SoTe ho)	सो रहे हो  (So rahe ho)	सो चुके हो  (So cuke ho)	सोती हो  (SoTii ho)	सो रही हो  (So rahii ho)	सो चुकी हो  (So cukii ho)
आप सब (aap Sab) “You” (Formal)	सोते हैं (SoTe hain)	सो रहे हैं  (So rahe hain)	सो चुके हैं  (So cuke hain)	सोती हैं  (SoTii hain)	सो रही हैं  (So rahii hain)	सो चुकी हैं  (So cukii hain)
ये सब (ye Sab) “They” (Near)	सोते हैं (SoTe hain)	सो रहे हैं  (So rahe hain)	सो चुके हैं  (So cuke hain)	सोती हैं  (SoTii hain)	सो रही हैं  (So rahii hain)	सो चुकी हैं  (So cukii hain)
वे सब (ve Sab) “They” (Far)	सोते हैं (SoTe hain)	सो रहे हैं  (So rahe hain)	सो चुके हैं  (So cuke hain)	सोती हैं  (SoTii hain)	सो रही हैं  (So rahii hain)	सो चुकी हैं  (So cukii hain)

3) “To go”

	Masculine			Feminine
	Simple Present	Present Continuous	Present Perfect	Simple Present	Present Continuous	Present Perfect
SINGULAR	“Go(es)”	“Is / Am / Are Going”	“Has / Have Gone”	“Go(es)”	“Is / Am / Are Going”	“Has / Have Gone”
मैं (main) “I”	जाता हूँ  (jaaTaa huun)	जा रहा हूँ (jaa rahaa huun)	जा चुका हूँ (jaa cukaa huun)	जाती हूँ (jaaTii huun)	जा रही हूँ (jaa rahii huun)	जा चुकी हूँ (jaa cukii huun)
तुम (Tum) “You” (Casual)	जाते हो  (jaaTe ho)	जा रहे हो  (jaa rahe ho)	जा चुके हो  (jaa cuke ho)	जाती हो  (jaaTii ho)	जा रही हो (jaa rahii ho)	जा चुकी हो (jaa cukii ho)
तू (Tuu) “You” (Casual)	जाता है  (jaaTaa hai)	जा रहा है  (jaa rahaa hai)	जा चुका है  (jaa cukaa hai)	जाती है  (jaaTii hai)	जा रही है (jaa rahii hai)	जा चुकी है (jaa cukii hai)
आप (aap) “You” (Formal)	जाते हैं (jaaTe hain)	जा रहे हैं  (jaa rahe hain)	जा चुके हैं  (jaa cuke hain)	जाती हैं  (jaaTii hain)	जा रही हैं  (jaa rahii hain)	जा चुकी हैं  (jaa cukii hain)
वह (vah) “He” / “She” (Casual)	जाता है (jaaTaa hai)	जा रहा है  (jaa rahaa hai)	जा चुका है  (jaa cukaa hai)	जाती है  (jaaTii hai)	जा रही है  (jaa rahii hai)	जा चुकी है  (jaa cukii hai)
वो (vo) “He” / “She” (Formal)	जाते हैं (jaaTe hain)	जा रहे हैं  (jaa rahe hain)	जा चुके हैं  (jaa cuke hain)	जाती हैं  (jaaTii hain)	जा रही हैं  (jaa rahii hain)	जा चुकी हैं  (jaa cukii hain)
PLURAL	“Go”	“Are Going”	“Have Gone”	“Go”	“Are Going”	“Have Gone”
हम सब (ham Sab) “We”	जाते हैं (jaaTe hain)	जा रहे हैं  (jaa rahe hain)	जा चुके हैं  (jaa cuke hain)	जाती हैं  (jaaTii hain)	जा रही हैं  (jaa rahii hain)	जा चुकी हैं  (jaa cukii hain)
तुम सब (Tum Sab) “You”  (Casual)	जाते हो  (jaaTe ho)	जा रहे हो  (jaa rahe ho)	जा चुके हो  (jaa cuke ho)	जाती हो  (jaaTii ho)	जा रही हो  (jaa rahii ho)	जा चुकी हो  (jaa cukii ho)
आप सब (aap Sab) “You” (Formal)	जाते हैं (jaaTe hain)	जा रहे हैं  (jaa rahe hain)	जा चुके हैं  (jaa cuke hain)	जाती हैं  (jaaTii hain)	जा रही हैं  (jaa rahii hain)	जा चुकी हैं  (jaa cukii hain)
ये सब (ye Sab) “They” (Near)	जाते हैं (jaaTe hain)	जा रहे हैं  (jaa rahe hain)	जा चुके हैं  (jaa cuke hain)	जाती हैं  (jaaTii hain)	जा रही हैं  (jaa rahii hain)	जा चुकी हैं  (jaa cukii hain)
वे सब (ve Sab) “They” (Far)	जाते हैं (jaaTe hain)	जा रहे हैं  (jaa rahe hain)	जा चुके हैं  (jaa cuke hain)	जाती हैं  (jaaTii hain)	जा रही हैं  (jaa rahii hain)	जा चुकी हैं  (jaa cukii hain)

As you can see, the same pattern continues throughout the chart. Now, let’s learn how to conjugate in Hindi for  the past tense.

2 – Past Tense

1) “To eat”

	Masculine			Feminine
	Simple Past	Past Continuous	Past Perfect	Simple Past	Past Continuous	Past Perfect
SINGULAR	“Ate”	“Was / Were Eating”	“Had Eaten”	“Ate”	“Was / Were Eating”	“Had Eaten”
मैं (main) “I”	खाता था  (khaaTaa THaa)	खा रहा था (khaa rahaa THaa)	खा चुका था (khaa cukaa THaa)	खाती थी (khaaTii THii)	खा रही थी (khaa rahii THii)	खा चुकी थी (khaa cukii THii)
तुम (Tum) “You” (Casual)	खाते थे  (khaaTe THe)	खा रहे थे   (khaa rahe THe)	खा चुके थे   (khaa cuke THe)	खाती थी  (khaaTii THii)	खा रही थी (khaa rahii THii)	खा चुकी थी (khaa cukii THii)
तू (Tuu) “You” (Casual)	खाता था  (khaaTaa THaa)	खा रहा था  (khaa rahaa THaa)	खा चुका था  (khaa cukaa THaa)	खाती थी  (khaaTii THii)	खा रही थी (khaa rahii THii)	खा चुकी थी (khaa cukii THii)
आप (aap) “You” (Formal)	खाते थे  (khaaTe THe)	खा रहे थे   (khaa rahe THe)	खा चुके थे   (khaa cuke THe)	खाती थीं  (khaaTii THiin)	खा रही थीं  (khaa rahii THiin)	खा चुकी थीं  (khaa cukii THiin)
वह (vah) “He” / “She” (Casual)	खाता था (khaaTaa THaa)	खा रहा था  (khaa rahaa THaa)	खा चुका था  (khaa cukaa THaa)	खाती थी  (khaaTii THii)	खा रही थी  (khaa rahii THii)	खा चुकी थी  (khaa cukii THii)
वो (vo) “He” / “She” (Formal)	खाते थे  (khaaTe THe)	खा रहे थे   (khaa rahe THe)	खा चुके थे   (khaa cuke THe)	खाती थीं  (khaaTii THiin)	खा रही थीं  (khaa rahii THiin)	खा चुकी थीं  (khaa cukii THiin)
PLURAL	“Ate”	“Were Eating”	“Had Eaten”	“Ate”	“Were Eating”	“Had Eaten”
हम सब (ham Sab) “We”	खाते थे  (khaaTe THe)	खा रहे थे   (khaa rahe THe)	खा चुके थे   (khaa cuke THe)	खाती थीं  (khaaTii THiin)	खा रही थीं  (khaa rahii THiin)	खा चुकी थीं  (khaa cukii THiin)
तुम सब (Tum Sab) “You”  (Casual)	खाते थे   (khaaTe THe)	खा रहे थे  (khaa rahe THe)	खा चुके थे   (khaa cuke THe)	खाती थीं  (khaaTii THiin)	खा रही थीं  (khaa rahii THiin)	खा चुकी थीं  (khaa cukii THiin)
आप सब (aap Sab) “You” (Formal)	खाते थे  (khaaTe THe)	खा रहे थे   (khaa rahe THe)	खा चुके थे   (khaa cuke THe)	खाती थीं  (khaaTii THiin)	खा रही थीं  (khaa rahii THiin)	खा चुकी थीं  (khaa cukii THiin)
ये सब (ye Sab) “They” (Near)	खाते थे  (khaaTe THe)	खा रहे थे   (khaa rahe THe)	खा चुके थे   (khaa cuke THe)	खाती थीं  (khaaTii THiin)	खा रही थीं  (khaa rahii THiin)	खा चुकी थीं  (khaa cukii THiin)
वे सब (ve Sab) “They” (Far)	खाते थे  (khaaTe THe)	खा रहे थे   (khaa rahe THe)	खा चुके थे   (khaa cuke THe)	खाती थीं  (khaaTii THiin)	खा रही थीं  (khaa rahii THiin)	खा चुकी थीं  (khaa cukii THiin)

Quick Tip:

For past tense, the conjugation in Hindi is quite similar to what we saw in the present tense above. If you can memorize a few basic rules, solving the past tense riddle will be child’s play for you!

• The simple past tense ends with –ता था / – ती थी / – ते थे / ती थीं (-Taa THaa / -Tii THii / -Te THe / Tii THiin).



• The past continuous tense ends with रहा था / रही थी / रहे थे / रही थीं (rahaa THaa / rahii THii / rahe THe / rahii THiin).



• The past perfect tense ends with – चुका था / चुकी थी / चुके थे / चुकी थीं (cukaa THaa / cukii THii / cuke THe / cukii THiin).

2) “To sleep”

	Masculine			Feminine
	Simple Past	Past Continuous	Past Perfect	Simple Past	Past Continuous	Past Perfect
SINGULAR	“Slept”	“Was / Were Sleeping”	“Had Slept”	“Slept”	“Was / Were Sleeping”	“Had Slept”
मैं (main) “I”	सोता था  (SoTaa THaa)	सो रहा था (So rahaa THaa)	सो चुका था (So cukaa THaa)	सोती थी (So THii)	सो रही थी (So rahii THii)	सो चुकी थी (So cukii THii)
तुम (Tum) “You” (Casual)	सोते थे  (SoTe THe)	सो रहे थे   (So rahe THe)	सो चुके थे   (So cuke THe)	सोती थी  (SoTii THii)	सो चुकी थी (So cukii THii)	सो चुकी थी (So cukii THii)
तू (Tuu) “You” (Casual)	सोता था  (SoTaa THaa)	सो रहा था  (So rahaa THaa)	सो चुका था  (So cukaa THaa)	सोती थी  (SoTii THii)	सो रही थी (So rahii THii)	सो चुकी थी (So cukii THii)
आप (aap) “You” (Formal)	सोते थे  (SoTe THe)	सो रहे थे   (So rahe THe)	सो चुके थे   (So cuke THe)	सोती थीं  (SoTii THiin)	सो रही थीं  (So rahii THiin)	सो चुकी थीं  (So cukii THiin)
वह (vah) “He” / “She” (Casual)	सोता था (SoTaa THaa)	सो रहा था  (So rahaa THaa)	सो चुका था  (So cukaa THaa)	सोती थी  (SoTii THii)	सो रही थी  (So rahii THii)	सो चुकी थी  (So cukii THii)
वो (vo) “He” / “She” (Formal)	सोते थे  (SoTe THe)	सो रहे थे   (So rahe THe)	सो चुके थे   (So cuke THe)	सोती थीं  (SoTii THiin)	सो रही थीं  (So rahii THiin)	सो चुकी थीं  (So cukii THiin)
PLURAL	“Slept”	“Were Sleeping”	“Had Slept”	“Slept”	“Were Sleeping”	“Had Slept”
हम सब (ham Sab) “We”	सोते थे  (SoTe THe)	सो रहे थे   (So rahe THe)	सो चुके थे   (So cuke THe)	सोती थीं  (SoTii THiin)	सो रही थीं  (So rahii THiin)	सो चुकी थीं  (So cukii THiin)
तुम सब (Tum Sab) “You”  (Casual)	सोते थे   (SoTe THe)	सो रहे थे  (So rahe THe)	सो चुके थे   (So cuke THe)	सोती थीं  (SoTii THiin)	सो रही थीं  (So rahii THiin)	सो चुकी थीं  (So cukii THiin)
आप सब (aap Sab) “You” (Formal)	सोते थे  (SoTe THe)	सो रहे थे   (So rahe THe)	सो चुके थे   (So cuke THe)	सोती थीं  (SoTii THiin)	सो रही थीं  (So rahii THiin)	सो चुकी थीं  (So cukii THiin)
ये सब (ye Sab) “They” (Near)	सोते थे  (SoTe THe)	सो रहे थे   (So rahe THe)	सो चुके थे   (So cuke THe)	सोती थीं  (SoTii THiin)	सो रही थीं  (So rahii THiin)	सो चुकी थीं  (So cukii THiin)
वे सब (ve Sab) “They” (Far)	सोते थे  (SoTe THe)	सो रहे थे   (So rahe THe)	सो चुके थे   (So cuke THe)	सोती थीं  (SoTii THiin)	सो रही थीं  (So rahii THiin)	सो चुकी थीं  (So cukii THiin)

3) “To go”

	Masculine			Feminine
	Simple Past	Past Continuous	Past Perfect	Simple Past	Past Continuous	Past Perfect
SINGULAR	“Went”	“Was / Were Going”	“Had Gone”	“Went”	“Was / Were Going”	“Had Gone”
मैं (main) “I”	जाता था  (jaaTaa THaa)	जा रहा था (jaa rahaa THaa)	जा चुका था (jaa cukaa THaa)	जाती थी (jaaTii THii)	जा रही थी (jaa rahii THii)	जा चुकी थी (jaa cukii THii)
तुम (Tum) “You” (Casual)	जाते थे  (jaaTe THe)	जा रहे थे   (jaa rahe THe)	जा चुके थे   (jaa cuke THe)	जाती थी  (jaaTii THii)	जा रही थी (jaa rahii THii)	जा चुकी थी (jaa cukii THii)
तू (Tuu) “You” (Casual)	जाता था  (jaaTaa THaa)	जा रहा था  (jaa rahaa THaa)	जा चुका था  (jaa cukaa THaa)	जाती थी  (jaaTii THii)	जा रही थी (jaa rahii THii)	जा चुकी थी (jaa cukii THii)
आप (aap) “You” (Formal)	जाते थे  (jaaTe THe)	जा रहे थे   (jaa rahe THe)	जा चुके थे   (jaa cuke THe)	जाती थीं  (jaaTii THiin)	जा रही थीं  (jaa rahii THiin)	जा चुकी थीं  (jaa cukii THiin)
वह (vah) “He” / “She” (Casual)	जाता था (jaaTaa THaa)	जा रहा था  (jaa rahaa THaa)	जा चुका था  (jaa cukaa THaa)	जाती थी  (jaaTii THii)	जा रही थी  (jaa rahii THii)	जा चुकी थी  (jaa cukii THii)
वो (vo) “He” / “She” (Formal)	जाते थे  (jaaTe THe)	जा रहे थे   (jaa rahe THe)	जा चुके थे   (jaa cuke THe)	जाती थीं  (jaaTii THiin)	जा रही थीं  (jaa rahii THiin)	जा चुकी थीं  (jaa cukii THiin)
PLURAL	“Went”	“Were Going”	“Had Gone”	“Went”	“Were Going”	“Had Gone”
हम सब (ham Sab) “We”	जाते थे  (jaaTe THe)	जा रहे थे   (jaa rahe THe)	जा चुके थे   (jaa cuke THe)	जाती थीं  (jaaTii THiin)	जा रही थीं  (jaa rahii THiin)	जा चुकी थीं  (jaa cukii THiin)
तुम सब (Tum Sab) “You”  (Casual)	जाते थे   (jaaTe THe)	जा रहे थे  (jaa rahe THe)	जा चुके थे   (jaa cuke THe)	जाती थीं  (jaaTii THiin)	जा रही थीं  (jaa rahii THiin)	जा चुकी थीं  (jaa cukii THiin)
आप सब (aap Sab) “You” (Formal)	जाते थे  (jaaTe THe)	जा रहे थे   (jaa rahe THe)	जा चुके थे   (jaa cuke THe)	जाती थीं  (jaaTii THiin)	जा रही थीं  (jaa rahii THiin)	जा चुकी थीं  (jaa cukii THiin)
ये सब (ye Sab) “They” (Near)	जाते थे  (jaaTe THe)	जा रहे थे   (jaa rahe THe)	जा चुके थे   (jaa cuke THe)	जाती थीं  (jaaTii THiin)	जा रही थीं  (jaa rahii THiin)	जा चुकी थीं  (jaa cukii THiin)
वे सब (ve Sab) “They” (Far)	जाते थे  (jaaTe THe)	जा रहे थे   (jaa rahe THe)	जा चुके थे   (jaa cuke THe)	जाती थीं  (jaaTii THiin)	जा रही थीं  (jaa rahii THiin)	जा चुकी थीं  (jaa cukii THiin)

3 – Future Tense

1) “To eat”

	Masculine			Feminine
	Simple Future	Future Continuous	Future Perfect	Simple Future	Future Continuous	Future Perfect
SINGULAR	“Will Eat”	“Will Be Eating”	“Will Have Eaten”	“Will Eat”	“Will Be Eating”	“Will Have Eaten”
मैं (main) “I”	खाऊंगा (khaauungaa)	खा रहा होऊंगा (khaa rahaa houungaa)	खा चुका होऊंगा (khaa cukaa houungaa)	खाऊंगा (khaauungii)	खा रही होऊंगी (khaa rahii houungii)	खा चुकी होऊंगी (khaa cukii houungii)
तुम (Tum) “You” (Casual)	खाओगे  (khaaoge)	खा रहे होगे  (khaa rahe hoge)	खा चुके होगे  (khaa cuke hoge)	खाओगी  (khaaogii)	खा रही होगी (khaa rahii hogii)	खा चुकी होगी (khaa cukii hogii)
तू (Tuu) “You” (Casual)	खाएगा  (khaayegaa)	खा रहा होगा  (khaa rahaa hogaa)	खा चुका होगा (khaa cukaa hogaa)	खाएगी  (khaayegii)	खा रही होगी (khaa rahii hogii)	खा चुकी होगी (khaa cukii hogii)
आप (aap) “You” (Formal)	खाएंगे (khaayenge)	खा रहे होंगे (khaa rahe honge)	खा चुके होंगे (khaa cuke honge)	खायेंगी  (khaayengii)	खा रही होंगी (khaa rahii hongii)	खा चुकी होंगी (khaa cukii hongii)
वह (vah) “He” / “She” (Casual)	खाएगा (khaayegaa)	खा रहा होगा  (khaa rahaa hogaa)	खा चुका होगा  (khaa cukaa hogaa)	खाएगी  (khaayegii)	खा रही होगी (khaa rahii hogii)	खा चुकी होगी (khaa cukii hogii)
वो (vo) “He” / “She” (Formal)	खाएंगे (khaayenge)	खा रहे होंगे (khaa rahe honge)	खा चुके होंगे  (khaa cuke honge)	खायेंगी  (khaayengii)	खा रही होंगी (khaa rahii hongii)	खा चुकी होंगी (khaa cukii hongii)
PLURAL	“Will Eat”	“Will Be Eating”	“Will Have Eaten”	“Will Eat”	“Will Be Eating”	“Will Have Eaten”
हम सब (ham Sab) “We”	खाएंगे (khaayenge)	खा रहे होंगे (khaa rahe honge)	खा चुके होंगे  (khaa cuke honge)	खायेंगी  (khaayengii)	खा रही होंगी (khaa rahii hongii)	खा चुकी होंगी (khaa cukii hongii)
तुम सब (Tum Sab) “You”  (Casual)	खाओगे  (khaaoge)	खा रहे होगे  (khaa rahe hoge)	खा चुके होगे  (khaa cuke hoge)	खाओगी  (khaaogii)	खा रही होगी (khaa rahii hogii)	खा चुकी होगी (khaa cukii hogii)
आप सब (aap Sab) “You” (Formal)	खाएंगे (khaayenge)	खा रहे होंगे (khaa rahe honge)	खा चुके होंगे  (khaa cuke honge)	खायेंगी  (khaayengii)	खा रही होंगी (khaa rahii hongii)	खा चुकी होंगी (khaa cukii hongii)
ये सब (ye Sab) “They” (Near)	खाएंगे (khaayenge)	खा रहे होंगे (khaa rahe honge)	खा चुके होंगे  (khaa cuke honge)	खायेंगी  (khaayengii)	खा रही होंगी (khaa rahii hongii)	खा चुकी होंगी (khaa cukii hongii)
वे सब (ve Sab) “They” (Far)	खाएंगे (khaayenge)	खा रहे होंगे (khaa rahe honge)	खा चुके होंगे  (khaa cuke honge)	खायेंगी  (khaayengii)	खा रही होंगी (khaa rahii hongii)	खा चुकी होंगी (khaa cukii hongii)

Quick Tip:

In future tense, conjugation isn’t affected too much by the person. However, it’s worth looking at the minor inflection changes in the verb forms.

• The simple future tense ends with हूँगा / हूँगी / होगा / होगी / होंगे / होंगी (huungaa / huungii / hogaa / hogii / honge / hongii).


• The future continuous tense ends with रहा हूँगा / रही हूँगी / रहा होगा / रही होगी / रहे होंगे / रही होंगी (raha huungaa / rahii huungii / rahaa hogaa / rahii hogii / rahe honge / rahii hongii).


• The future perfect tense ends with चुका हूँगा / चुकी हूँगी / चुका होगा / चुकी होगी / चुके होंगे / चुकी होंगी (cukaa huunga / cukii huungi / cukaa hogaa / cukii hogii / cuke honge / cukii hongii).

Now, here’s two more Hindi conjugation charts for you! 

2) “To sleep”

	Masculine			Feminine
	Simple Future	Future Continuous	Future Perfect	Simple Future	Future Continuous	Future Perfect
SINGULAR	“Will Sleep”	“Will Be Sleeping”	“Will Have Slept”	“Will Sleep”	“Will Be Sleeping”	“Will Have Slept”
मैं (main) “I”	सोऊंगा (Souungaa)	सो रहा होऊंगा (So rahaa houungaa)	सो चुका होऊंगा (So cukaa houungaa)	सोऊंगी (Souungii)	सो रही होऊंगी (So rahii houungii)	सो चुकी होऊंगी (So cukii houungii)
तुम (Tum) “You” (Casual)	सोओगे  (So-oge)	सो रहे होगे  (So rahe hoge)	सो चुके होगे  (So cuke hoge)	सोओगी  (So-ogii)	सो रही होगी (So rahii hogii)	सो चुकी होगी (So cukii hogii)
तू (Tuu) “You” (Casual)	सोएगा  (Soyegaa)	सो रहा होगा  (So rahaa hogaa)	सो चुका होगा (So cukaa hogaa)	सोएगी  (Soyegii)	सो रही होगी (So rahii hogii)	सो चुकी होगी (So cukii hogii)
आप (aap) “You” (Formal)	सोएंगे (Soyenge)	सो रहे होंगे (So rahe honge)	सो चुके होंगे (So cuke honge)	सोयेंगी  (Soyengii)	सो रही होंगी (So rahii hongii)	सो चुकी होंगी (So cukii hongii)
वह (vah) “He” / “She” (Casual)	सोएगा (Soyegaa)	सो रहा होगा  (So rahaa hogaa)	सो चुका होगा  (So cukaa hogaa)	सोएगी  (Soyegii)	सो रही होगी (So rahii hogii)	सो चुकी होगी (So cukii hogii)
वो (vo) “He” / “She” (Formal)	सोएंगे (Soyenge)	सो रहे होंगे (So rahe honge)	सो चुके होंगे  (So cuke honge)	सोयेंगी  (Soyengii)	सो रही होंगी (So rahii hongii)	सो चुकी होंगी (So cukii hongii)
PLURAL	“Will Sleep”	“Will Be Sleeping”	“Will Have Slept”	“Will Sleep”	“Will Be Sleeping”	“Will Have Slept”
हम सब (ham Sab) “We”	सोएंगे (Soyenge)	सो रहे होंगे (So rahe honge)	सो चुके होंगे  (So cuke honge)	सोयेंगी  (Soyengii)	सो रही होंगी (So rahii hongii)	सो चुकी होंगी (So cukii hongii)
तुम सब (Tum Sab) “You”  (Casual)	सोओगे  (So-oge)	सो रहे होगे  (So rahe hoge)	सो चुके होगे  (So cuke hoge)	सोओगी  (So-ogii)	सो रही होगी (So rahii hogii)	सो चुकी होगी (So cukii hogii)
आप सब (aap Sab) “You” (Formal)	सोएंगे (Soyenge)	सो रहे होंगे (So rahe honge)	सो चुके होंगे  (So cuke honge)	सोयेंगी  (Soyengii)	सो रही होंगी (So rahii hongii)	सो चुकी होंगी (So cukii hongii)
ये सब (ye Sab) “They” (Near)	सोएंगे (Soyenge)	सो रहे होंगे (So rahe honge)	सो चुके होंगे  (So cuke honge)	सोयेंगी  (Soyengii)	सो रही होंगी (So rahii hongii)	सो चुकी होंगी (So cukii hongii)
वे सब (ve Sab) “They” (Far)	सोएंगे (Soyenge)	सो रहे होंगे (So rahe honge)	सो चुके होंगे  (So cuke honge)	सोयेंगी  (Soyengii)	सो रही होंगी (So rahii hongii)	सो चुकी होंगी (So cukii hongii)

3) “To go”

	Masculine			Feminine
	Simple Future	Future Continuous	Future Perfect	Simple Future	Future Continuous	Future Perfect
SINGULAR	“Will Go”	“Will Be Going”	“Will Have Gone”	“Will Go”	“Will Be Going”	“Will Have Gone”
मैं (main) “I”	जाऊंगा (jaauungaa)	जा रहा होऊंगा (jaa rahaa houungaa)	जा चुका होऊंगा (jaa cukaa houungaa)	जाऊंगी (jaauungii)	जा रही होऊंगी (jaa rahii houungii)	जा चुकी होऊंगी (jaa cukii houungii)
तुम (Tum) “You” (Casual)	जाओगे  (jaaoge)	जा रहे होगे  (jaa rahe hoge)	जा चुके होगे  (jaa cuke hoge)	जाओगी  (jaaogii)	जा रही होगी (jaa rahii hogii)	जा चुकी होगी (jaa cukii hogii)
तू (Tuu) “You” (Casual)	जाएगा  (jaayegaa)	जा रहा होगा  (jaa rahaa hogaa)	जा चुका होगा (jaa cukaa hogaa)	जाएगी  (jaayegii)	जा रही होगी (jaa rahii hogii)	जा चुकी होगी (jaa cukii hogii)
आप (aap) “You” (Formal)	जाएंगे (jaayenge)	जा रहे होंगे (jaa rahe honge)	जा चुके होंगे (jaa cuke honge)	जायेंगी  (jaayengii)	जा रही होंगी (jaa rahii hongii)	जा चुकी होंगी (jaa cukii hongii)
वह (vah) “He” / “She” (Casual)	जाएगा (jaayegaa)	जा रहा होगा  (jaa rahaa hogaa)	जा चुका होगा  (jaa cukaa hogaa)	जाएगी  (jaayegii)	जा रही होगी (jaa rahii hogii)	जा चुकी होगी (jaa cukii hogii)
वो (vo) “He” / “She” (Formal)	जाएंगे (jaayenge)	जा रहे होंगे (jaa rahe honge)	जा चुके होंगे  (jaa cuke honge)	जायेंगी  (jaayengii)	जा रही होंगी (jaa rahii hongii)	जा चुकी होंगी (jaa cukii hongii)
PLURAL	“Will Go”	“Will Be Going”	“Will Have Gone”	“Will Go”	“Will Be Going”	“Will Have Gone”
हम सब (ham Sab) “We”	जाएंगे (jaayenge)	जा रहे होंगे (jaa rahe honge)	जा चुके होंगे  (jaa cuke honge)	जायेंगी  (jaayengii)	जा रही होंगी (jaa rahii hongii)	जा चुकी होंगी (jaa cukii hongii)
तुम सब (Tum Sab) “You”  (Casual)	जाओगे  (jaaoge)	जा रहे होगे  (jaa rahe hoge)	जा चुके होगे  (jaa cuke hoge)	जाओगी  (jaaogii)	जा रही होगी (jaa rahii hogii)	जा चुकी होगी (jaa cukii hogii)
आप सब (aap Sab) “You” (Formal)	जाएंगे (jaayenge)	जा रहे होंगे (jaa rahe honge)	जा चुके होंगे  (jaa cuke honge)	जायेंगी  (jaayengii)	जा रही होंगी (jaa rahii hongii)	जा चुकी होंगी (jaa cukii hongii)
ये सब (ye Sab) “They” (Near)	जाएंगे (jaayenge)	जा रहे होंगे (jaa rahe honge)	जा चुके होंगे  (jaa cuke honge)	जायेंगी  (jaayengii)	जा रही होंगी (jaa rahii hongii)	जा चुकी होंगी (jaa cukii hongii)
वे सब (ve Sab) “They” (Far)	जाएंगे (jaayenge)	जा रहे होंगे (jaa rahe honge)	जा चुके होंगे  (jaa cuke honge)	जायेंगी  (jaayengii)	जा रही होंगी (jaa rahii hongii)	जा चुकी होंगी (jaa cukii hongii)

9. It’s Quiz Time!

Did you learn and understand how Hindi conjugations work with all of the examples above? How about we put our neurons to work and try to solve these easy-breezy verb conjugation questions!

Read these five simple statements and figure out the appropriate verb conjugation for each. The infinitive form for the required verb is already given.

1. बच्चे (कूदना ) _______. [ bacce (kuuDaNaa) __________ ]
   “The kids are jumping.”
   
   a. कूदते हैं (kuuDaTe hain)
   b. कूद रहे हैं (kuuD rahe hain)
   c. कूद चुके हैं (kuuD cuke hain)


2. वह रोज़ पत्र (लिखना ) ____________. [ vah roz paTr (LikhaNaa) _________ ]
   “She will write a letter everyday.”
   
   a. लिखेगा (Likhegaa)
   b. लिखेंगे (Likhenge)
   c. लिखेगी (Likhegii)


3. पिताजी फल (खाना ) ____________. [ piTaajii phaL (khaaNaa) _________ ]
   
   a./खा चुके थे (khaa cuke THe)
   b./खा चुका था (khaa cukaa THaa)
   c./खा रहे थे (khaa rahe THe)


4. जॉन कल स्कूल (जाना ) ______. [ jauN kaL SkuuL (jaaNaa) __________ ]
   (“John was going to school yesterday.”)
   
   a. जाता होगा (jaaTaa hogaa)
   b. जा रहा था (jaa rahaa THaa)
   c. जा रहा है (jaa rahaa hai)


5. मैं जूस नहीं (पीना ) ______. [ maiN juuS Nahiin (piiNaa) __________ ]
   (“I don’t drink juices.”)
   
   a.पीता था (piiTaa THaa)
   b.पीता हूँगा (piiTaa huungaa)
   c.पीता हूँ (piiTaa huun)

Solutions

1. Correct Answer: (b) कूद रहे हैं (kuuD rahe hain).

Reason: The statement “The kids are jumping,” is in the present continuous tense. In Hindi, the plural forms in present continuous end with रहे हैं (rahe hain). Thus, the option (b).

2. Correct Answer: (a) लिखेगी (Likhegii).

Reason: The sentence “She will write a letter everyday,” is in the simple future tense. The feminine pronouns in simple future end with – गी (gii). Thus, option (a).

3. Correct Answer: (a) खा चुके थे (khaa cuke THe).

Reason: “Father had eaten the fruits.” Although “father” is a singular noun, he is a respectable figure. When we use the respectful tone, the plural verb conjugation is applied for singular nouns / pronouns. Moreover, this sentence is in the past perfect tense, which usually ends with -चुके थे (cuke THe). Thus, option (a).

4. Correct Answer: (b) जा रहा था (jaa rahaa THaa).

Reason: “John was going to school yesterday.” It’s a plain case of the past continuous tense, which typically ends with – रहा था (rahaa THaa). Thus, option (b).

5. Correct Answer: (c) पीता हूँ (piiTaa huun).

Reason: “I don’t drink juices,” is a simple present tense sentence. In Hindi, such statements end with –ता हूँ (Taa huun). Thus, option (c).

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So, how many of them did you get correct? Let us know your score in the comment box below. What are the most difficult (and easiest) things for you in this lesson? We would love to hear your thoughts!

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People are never without action! If nothing else, we’re breathing ceaselessly. The bottom line: There’s always something happening around us. And a verb in Hindi is the only part of speech that helps us express those actions in the most meaningful way.

Therefore, it’s quite essential to study the most common verbs in Hindi with examples.

But before moving on to our Hindi verbs list, we thought you’d definitely like to check out our amazing and highly useful Hindi lessons on the Best 100 Adjectives, Top 100 Nouns, and The Most Common Pronouns in Hindi.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction to Hindi Verbs
2. Sentence Pattern in Hindi
3. Transitive & Intransitive Verbs
4. Regular & Irregular Verbs
5. Auxiliary Verbs or Helping Verbs
6. Hindi Modal Verbs
7. Causative Verbs in Hindi
8. Hindi Action Verbs
9. Hindi Mental Verbs
10. Hindi Phrasal Verbs
11. Exploring the World of the Hindi Language with HindiPod101.com

1. Introduction to Hindi Verbs

The first question we’re going to answer is “What is the word for ‘verb’ in Hindi?”

The word for verb in Hindi is known as क्रिया (kriyaa).

• In Hindi, the “to be” verbs end with -ना  (-Naa).

For example, “to go” =  जाना (jaaNaa); “to eat” =  खाना (khaaNaa).

Just like in any other language, there are certain rules to be followed in order to correctly use the following list of verbs in Hindi.

Those who wish to dig into all the grammar essentials, this is your go-to basic Hindi verbs list. So, let’s begin.

2. Sentence Pattern in Hindi

In a Hindi sentence, the verb always comes last. The usual sentence structure is S (Subject) + O (Object) + V (Verb).

1. खाना (khaaNaa) “to eat”

सोहन ने आम खाया।  SohaN Ne aam khaayaa. “Sohan ate a mango.”

Here, सोहन (SohaN) = Subject, आम (aam) = Object, and खाया (khaayaa) = Verb.

2. पढ़ना (padhaNaa) “to read”

रीमा किताब पढ़ रही है।  riimaa kiTaab padh rahii hai. “Reema is reading a book.”

Here, रीमा (riimaa) = Subject, किताब (kiTaab) = Object, and पढ़ रही है (padh rahii hai) = Verb.

Now that we’ve looked at the ways verbs work in Hindi, it’s time to study the different types of verbs in Hindi.

3. Transitive & Intransitive Verbs

On the basis of presence / absence of the object, there are two Hindi verb types.

• One is a “transitive verb” in Hindi, or सकर्मक क्रिया (Sakarmak kriyaa). Using Hindi transitive verbs means that the sentence has an object.

3. जाना (jaaNaa) “to go”

मैं स्कूल जाता हूँ।  main SkuuL jaaTaa huun. “I go to school.”

• The other type is the “intransitive verb” in Hindi, or अकर्मक क्रिया (akarmak kriyaa). Using an intransitive verb means that the sentence has no object.

Example: मैं जाता हूँ। (main jaaTaa huun.) =  “I go.”

4. Regular & Irregular Verbs

This is not a strict division, but in terms of Hindi verb conjugation, there are two types of Hindi verbs. 

• Regular verbs in Hindi

When conjugating Hindi regular verbs, the verb form remains the same.

Example: Here, the infinitive verb is “to watch,” or देखना (DekhaNaa).

4. देखना (DekhaNaa) “to watch”

राज फ़िल्म देखता है।  raaj fiLm DekhaTaa hai. “Raj watches a movie.”

Now, as the example shows a singular subject, “Raj,” and the present tense verb form, the infinitive form “to watch” changes into present tense and becomes “watches.”

Similarly: राज ने फ़िल्म देखी। (raaj Ne fiLm Dekhii.) “Raj watched a movie.”

राज फ़िल्म देखेगा। (raaj fiLm Dekhegaa.) “Raj will watch a movie.”

• Irregular verbs in Hindi

Hindi irregular verbs may change their forms according to the tense that’s used.

Example: Here, the infinitive verb is “to go,” or जाना (jaaNaa).

राज अस्पताल जाता है। (raaj aSpaTaaL jaaTaa hai.) “Raj goes to the hospital.”

राज अस्पताल गया। (raaj aSpaTaaL gayaa.) “Raj went to the hospital.”

राज अस्पताल जायेगा। (raaj aSpaTaaL jaayegaa.) “Raj will go to the hospital.”

• In addition to these two types of verbs, Hindi verbs conjugation also changes with various other factors, such as gender, mood, intention, etc. Wish to read about this in detail? Stay tuned for our upcoming guide on Conjugation in Hindi!

5. Auxiliary Verbs or Helping Verbs

Do you know that Hindi auxiliary verbs, or helping verbs, are known as सहायक क्रिया (Sahaayak kriyaa). The helping verbs support the main verb and make the sentence grammatically correct.

In our simple Hindi verb tenses charts below, you’ll find some Hindi helping verbs with examples of how to use them.

1- Present Tense

5. है (hai) “is”

Used for singular nouns and pronouns

आम मीठा है।  aam miithaa hai. “The mango is sweet.”

6. हूँ (huun) “am”

Used for “I”

मैं एक लड़की हूँ।  main ek Ladakii huun. “I am a girl.”

7. हैं (hain) “are”

Used for plural nouns and pronouns

वे लोग भूखे हैं।  ve Log bhuukhe hain. “Those people are hungry.”

2- Past Tense

Here are the main Hindi past tense auxiliary verbs.

8. था (THaa) “was”

Used for singular masculine nouns and pronouns

सूरज कल दफ़्तर जा रहा था।  Suuraj kaL DafTar jaa rahaa THaa. “Suraj was going to the office yesterday.”

9. थी  (THii) “was”

Used for singular feminine nouns and pronouns

पूजा सो रही थी।  puujaa So rahii THii. “Pooja was sleeping.”

10. थे (THe) “were”

Used for plural nouns and pronouns

सभी बच्चे पार्क में खेल रहे थे।  Sabhii bacce paark men kheL rahe THe. “All the kids were playing in the park.”

3- Future Tense

And lastly, here’s how to conjugate Hindi verbs in the future tense.

11. -गा (-gaa) “will” / “shall”

Used for singular masculine nouns and pronouns

सूरज कल दफ़्तर जाएगा।  Suuraj kaL DafTar jaayegaa. “Suraj will go to the office tomorrow.”

12. -गी (-gii) “will” / “shall”

Used for singular feminine nouns and pronouns

पूजा दो घंटे तक सोएगी।  puujaa Do ghante Tak Soyegii. “Pooja will sleep for two hours.”

13. -गे (-ge) “will” / “shall”

Used for plural nouns and pronouns

सभी बच्चे पार्क में खेलेंगे।  Sabhii bacce paark men kheLenge. “All the kids will play in the park.”

Getting familiar with the different kinds of verbs? Well, there’s a lot more to come! Soon, we’ll be expanding your Hindi verbs vocabulary by checking out our list of Hindi phrasal verbs. We’ll also find out what on earth Hindi causative verbs are! 

But first, we present you with some of the most commonly used modal verbs in Hindi.

6. Hindi Modal Verbs

Modal verbs help us express the capacity, intention, or urgency of an action. Just like Hindi auxiliary verbs, modal verbs are not the main verbs, but are helpful in emphasizing a particular context.

14. चाहिए (caahiye) “Should”

तुम्हें अब आराम करना चाहिए।  Tumhen ab aaraam karaNaa caahiye. “You should rest now.”

15. ज़रूर (zaruur) “Must”

हमें अपना वादा ज़रूर पूरा करना चाहिए।  hamen apaNaa vaaDaa zaruur puuraa karaNaa caahiye. “We must fulfill our promise.”

16. सकना (SakaNaa) “Can” / “Could”

ऋतु कार चला सकती है।  riTu kaar caLaa SakaTii hai. “Ritu can drive the car.”

We also use the verb “would” in Hindi. But instead of translating it into a particular word, “would” generally works as a suffix in Hindi verbs.

• Suffixes for “would” = गा (gaa) / गी (gii) / गें (ge)

For example:

• क्या आप चाय लेंगे? 

kyaa aap caay Lenge?

“Would you have some tea?”

• हम आपके आभारी रहेंगे. 

ham aapke aabhaarii rahenge.

“We would really appreciate that.”

7. Causative Verbs in Hindi

Our list of basic Hindi verbs for beginners would be incomplete without causative verbs. Any idea what they are?

Well, the causative verbs in Hindi represent an action which isn’t being done directly by the subject.

Usually, such verbs end with the suffix -वाना (-vaaNaa).

Let’s read some examples to understand how they are applied in a sentence.

17. -वाना (-vaaNaa) “Get”

मुझे बाल कटवाना है।  mujhe baaL katavaaNaa hai. “I have to get a haircut.”

18. -वाना (-vaaNaa) “Make”

दादाजी मुझसे रोज़ पौधों में पानी डलवाते हैं।  DaaDaajii mujh Se roz pauDHon men paaNii daLavaaTe hain. “Grandpa makes me water the plants every day.”

8. Hindi Action Verbs

Now we present to you the most popular and common type of verb in Hindi: the action verb.

Action verbs are the main verbs which revolve around the subject. In this Hindi verbs list, we’ve tried to cover as many action verbs for you as possible.

19. लाना (LaaNaa) “to bring”

क्या तुम वो सब्ज़ी की टोकरी यहां ला सकते हो?  kyaa Tum vo Sabzii kii tokarii yahaan Laa SakaTe ho? “Can you bring that vegetable basket over here?”

20. पकाना (pakaaNaa) “to cook”

विनीता को खाना पकाना बहुत पसंद है।  viNiTaa ko khaaNaa pakaaNaa bahuT paSanD hai. “Vinita loves to cook.”

21. बनाना (baNaaNaa) “to make”

सुनील काफ़ी सुंदर तस्वीरें बनाता है।  SuNiiL kaafii SuNDar TaSviiren baNaaTaa hai. “Sunil makes amazing pictures.”

22. देखना (DekhaNaa) “to look”

रोहन घाटी की ओर देख रहा था।  rohaN ghaatii kii or Dekh rahaa THaa. “Rohan was looking at the valley.”

23. कहना (kahaNaa) “to say”

बच्चा अपनी माँ से कुछ कह रहा है।  baccaa apaNii maan Se kuch kah rahaa hai. “The child is saying something to his mom.”

24. बताना (baTaaNaa) “to tell”

रीमा ने मुझे कुछ नहीं बताया।  riimaa Ne mujhe kuch Nahiin baTaayaa. “Reema did not tell me anything.”

25. पूछना (puuchaNaa) “to ask”

मुझे तुमसे कुछ पूछना है।  mujhe TumaSe kuch puuchaNaa hai. “I need to ask you something.”

26. रुकना (rukaNaa) “to stop”

हमें अगले मोड़ पर रुकना है।  hamen agaLe mod par rukaNaa hai. “We have to stop at the next turn.”

27. खड़ा होना (khaadaa hoNaa) “to stand”

खिलाड़ी मैदान में खड़े हैं।  khiLaadii maiDaaN men khade hain. “The players are standing on the ground.”

28. चखना (cakhaNaa) “to taste”

मैंने वो चॉकलेट आइसक्रीम चखी थी।  main Ne vo caukaLet aaiS kriim cakhii THii. “I had tasted that chocolate ice cream.”

29. लगना (LagaNaa) “to feel”

इस घर में वापस आकर कितना अच्छा लग रहा है।  iS ghar men vaapaS aakar kiTaNaa acchaa Lag rahaa hai. “It feels so nice to be here again in this house.”

30. कोशिश करना (kosis karaNaa) “to try”

सोहन ने कई बार कोशिश करके देख लिया।  SohaN Ne kaii baar kosis karake Dekh Liyaa. “Sohan tried it so many times.”

31. दौड़ना (DaudaNaa) “to run”

घोड़े बहुत तेज़ दौड़ते हैं।  ghode bahuT Tez DaudaTe hain. “The horses run very fast.”

32. घूमना (ghuumaNaa) “to wander” / “to go out”

चलो थोड़ी देर बाहर घूमते हैं।  caLo THodii Der baahar ghuumaTe hain. “Let’s go out for a while.”

33. रोना (roNaa) “to cry”

सुमित कल रो रहा था।  SumiT kaL ro rahaa THaa. “Sumit was crying yesterday.”

34. हंसना (hanSaNaa) “to laugh”

चुटकुले पर सभी हंसने लगे।  cutakuLe par Sabhii hanSaNe Lage. “Everybody laughed at the joke.”

35. मुस्कुराना (muSkuraaNaa) “to smile”

तुम क्यों मुस्कुरा रही थीं?  Tum kyon muSkuraa rahii THiin. “Why were you smiling?”

36. छूना (chuuNaa) “to touch”

सुनीता की किताबें मत छुओ।  SuNiiTaa kii kiTaaben maT chuo. “Don’t touch Sunita’s books.”

37. सोना (SoNaa) “to sleep”

देव दूसरे कमरे में सोता है।  Dev DuuSare kamare men SoTaa hai. “Dev sleeps in the other room.”

38. चिल्लाना (ciLLaaNaa) “to shout”

बच्चे क्यों चिल्ला रहे थे ? bacce kyon ciLLaa rahe THe? “Why were the kids shouting?”

39. लिखना (LikhaNaa) “to write”

मैं कविता और कहानी लिखती हूँ।  main kaviTaa aur kahaaNi LikhaTii huun. “I write poems and stories.”

40. समझाना (SamajhaaNaa) “to explain”

ये सवाल समझाना काफ़ी मुश्किल है।  ye savaaL SamajhaaNaa kaafii muskiL hai. “It is really hard to explain this sum.”

41. होना (hoNaa) “to become”

हितेश कितना चिड़चिड़ा हो गया है।  hiTes kiTaNaa cidacidaa ho gayaa hai. “Hitesh has become so irritable.”

42. लेना (LeNaa) “to take”

दुकानदार ने रोहन से पैसे लिए।  DukaaNaDaar Ne rohaN Se paiSe Liye. “The shopkeeper took the money from Rohan.”

43. देना (DeNaa) “to give”

पिताजी को ये छाता दे दो।  piTaajii ko ye chaaTaa De Do. “Give this umbrella to Father.”

44. छीनना (chiiNaNaa) “to snatch”

किसी ने उस आदमी का बटुआ छीन लिया।   kiSii Ne uS aaDamii kaa batuaa chiiN Liyaa. “Somebody snatched that man’s wallet.”

45. ढूँढना (dhuundhaNaa) “to find”

क्या तुमने कार की चाभी ढूंढ ली?  kyaa TumaNe kaar kii caabhii dhuundh Lii? “Did you find the car keys?”

46. इस्तेमाल करना (iSTemaaL karaNaa) “to use”

मेरे चाचा माइक्रोवेव ओवन का इस्तेमाल नहीं करते हैं।  mere caacaa maaikrovev ovaN kaa iSTemaaL Nahiin karaTe hain. “My uncle doesn’t use the microwave oven.”

47. पहुँचना (pahuncaNaa) “to arrive”

हम अभी-अभी रेलवे स्टेशन पहुँचे हैं।  ham abhii-abhii reLave StesaN pahunce hain. “We have just arrived at the railway station.”

48. निकलना (nikaLaNaa) “to leave”

मैं चार बजे दफ़्तर से निकलूंगा।  main caar baje DafTar Se NikaLuungaa. “I will leave the office at four.”

49. रखना (rakhaNaa) “to keep”

अपने ज़ेवर संभाल कर रखना।  apaNe zevar SambhaaL kar rakhaNaa. “Keep your jewelry safely.”

50. बुलाना (buLaaNaa) “to call”

माँ तुम्हें बुला रही हैं।  maan Tumhen buLaa rahii hain. “Mother is calling you.”

51. पीना (piiNaa) “to drink”

बिल्ली ने सारा दूध पी लिया।  biLLii Ne Saaraa DuuDH pii Liyaa. “The cat drank all the milk.”

52. खेलना (kheLaNaa) “to play”

ललित रोज़ बैडमिंटन खेलता है।  LaLiT roz baidamiNtaN kheLaTaa hai. “Lalit plays badminton everyday.”

53. शुरू करना (suruu karaNaa) “to start”

मैं कल से इस किताब पर काम शुरू कर दूंगा।  main kaL Se iS kiTaab par kaam suruu kar Duungaa. “Tomorrow, I will start working on this book.”

54. परोसना (paroSaNaa) “to serve food”

कृपया, मेहमानों को खाना परोस दीजिये।  kripayaa mehmaaNon ko khaaNaa paroS Diijiye. “Please, serve the food to the guests.”

55. धुलना (DHuLaNaa) “to wash”

रमन हर महीने अपनी कार धुलता है।  ramaN har mahiiNe apaNii kaar DHuLaTaa hai. “Raman washes his car every month.”

56. दबाना (DabaaNaa) “to press”

स्विच को और ज़ोर से दबाओ।  Svic ko aur zor Se Dabaao. “Press the switch a little harder.”

57. कूदना (kuuDaNaa) “to jump”

मेरा बेटा सोफ़े पर कूद रहा है।  meraa betaa Sofe par kuuD rahaa hai. “My son is jumping on the sofa.”

58. मना करना (maNaa karaNaa) “to refuse”

बॉस ने आज छुट्टी देने से मना कर दिया है।  baauS ne aaj chuttii DeNe Se maNaa kar Diyaa hai. “The boss refused to leave today.”

59. मिलना (miLaNaa) “to meet”

सारे दोस्त पांच बजे पार्क में मिलेंगे।  Saare DoST paanc baje paark men miLenge. “All the friends will meet in the park at five.”

60. ताली बजाना (TaaLii bajaaNaa) “to clap”

दर्शकों ने जादूगर के लिए ख़ूब ताली बजाई।  Darsakon Ne jaaDugar ke Liye khuub TaaLii bajaayii. “The audience clapped for the magician.”

61. छींकना (chiinkaNaa) “to sneeze”

वो पूरा वक़्त छींकता रहता है।  vo puuraa vaqT chiinkaTaa rahaTaa hai. “He sneezes all the time.”

62. खाँसना (khaanSaNaa) “to cough”

बच्चा बहुत बुरी तरह से खाँस रहा है।  baccaa bahuT burii Tarah Se khaanS rahaa hai. “The child is coughing so badly.”

63. काटना (kaaTaNaa) “to cut”

सीमा ने फलों को छोटे-छोटे टुकड़ों में  काट दिया।  Siimaa Ne phaLon ko chote-chote tukadon men kaat Diyaa. “Seema cut the fruits into small pieces.”

64. चबाना (cabaaNaa) “to chew”

हर निवाले को अच्छी तरह से चबाओ।  har NivaaLe ko acchii Tarah Se cabaao. “Chew every morsel properly.”

65. निगलना (NigaLaNaa) “to swallow”

तुम्हें इस गोली को निगलना है।  Tumhen iS goLii ko NigaLaNaa hai. “You have to swallow this pill.”

66. सजाना (SajaaNaa) “to decorate”

दिवाली पर हम अपने घरों को सजाते हैं।  DivaaLii par ham apaNe gharon ko SajaaTe hain. “On Diwali, we decorate our houses.”

67. घुसना / अंदर आना (ghuSaNaa) / (anDar aaNaa) “to enter”

आप पीछे के दरवाज़े से घर के अंदर आ सकते हैं।  aap piiche ke Daravaaze Se ghar ke anDar aa SakaTe hain. “You can enter the house from the back door.”

68. चुस्की लेना (cuSkii LeNaa) “to sip”

ज़ुकाम ठीक करने के लिए गर्म चाय की चुस्कियाँ लो।  zukaam thiik karaNe ke Liye garm caaye kii cuSkiyaan Lo. “To get rid of the cold, sip some hot tea.”

69. तैयार करना (Taiyaar karaNaa) “to prepare”

माँ ने रवि के लिए कमरा तैयार कर दिया है।  maan Ne ravi ke Liye kamaraa Taiyaar kar Diyaa hai. “Mother has prepared the room for Ravi.”

70. छिपाना / छुपाना (chipaaNaa) / (chupaaNaa) “to hide”

लोकेश ज़रूर हमसे कोई बात छुपा रहा है।  Lokes zaruur ham Se koii baaT chupaa rahaa hai. “Lokesh is surely hiding something from us.”

71. चुराना (curaaNaa)  “to steal”

किसी ने मेरी अंगूठी चुरा ली है।  kiSii Ne merii anguuthii curaa Lii hai. “Somebody has stolen my ring.”

72. नाचना (NaacaNaa) “to dance”

पार्टी में सब लोग नाच रहे थे।   paartii men Sab Log Naac rahe THe. “Everybody was dancing at the party.”

73. गाना (gaaNaa) “to sing”

मेरी बहन बहुत अच्छा गाती है।  merii bahaN bahuT acchaa gaaTii hai. “My sister sings really well.”

74. डाँटना (daantaNaa) “to scold”

अध्यापक ने विद्यार्थियों को डाँटा।  aDHyaapak Ne viDyaarTHiyon ko daantaa. “The teacher scolded the students.”

75. फेंकना (phenkaNaa) “to throw”

शीला ने गेंद मेरी तरफ़ फेंक दी।  siiLaa Ne geND merii Taraf phenk Dii. “Sheela threw the ball to me.”

76. बैठना (baithaNaa) “to sit”

मेहमान ड्रॉइंग रूम में बैठे हैं।  mehmaaN draauing ruum men baithe hain. “The guests are sitting in the drawing room.”

77. बेचना (becaNaa) “to sell”

सब्ज़ीवाला सब्ज़ी बेच रहा है।  SabziivaaLaa Sabzii bec rahaa hai. “The greengrocer is selling the vegetables.”

78. ख़रीदना (khariiDaNaa) “to buy”

मुझे अपने पिता के लिए कुछ फल ख़रीदने हैं।  mujhe apaNe piTaa ke Liye kuch phaL khariiiDaNe hain. “I have to buy some fruit for my father.”

79. जीतना (jiiTaNaa) “to win”

हमारी टीम टूर्नामेंट जीत गयी।  hamaarii tiim tuurNaameNt jiiT gayii. “Our team won the tournament.”

80. हारना (haaraNaa) “to lose”

ऑस्ट्रेलिया क्रिकेट मैच हार गयी।  auStreLiyaa kriket maic haar gayii. “Australia lost the cricket match.”

81. उड़ना (udaNaa) “to fly”

पतंग कितनी ऊँची उड़ रही है।  paTang kiTaNii uuncii ud rahii hai. “The kite is flying so high!”

82. तैरना (TairaNaa) “to swim”

ज्योति नदी में तैरेगी।  jyoTi NaDii men Tairegii. “Jyoti will swim in the river.”

8. Hindi Mental Verbs

For your convenience, we’ve created a separate list for mental verbs. These useful Hindi verbs are essential for any new Hindi learner to master!

83. जानना (jaaNaNaa) “to know”

मैं कल की पिकनिक के बारे में कुछ नहीं जानती हूँ।  main kaL kii pikaNik ke baare men kuch Nahiin jaaNaTii huun. “I don’t know anything about tomorrow’s picnic.”

84. सोचना (SocaNaa) “to think”

सीमा दूसरी नौकरी के बारे में सोच रही है।  Siimaa DuuSarii Naukarii ke baare men Soc rahii hai. “Seema is thinking about another job.”

85. अहसास होना (caahaNaa) “to realize”

बच्चे को अपनी ग़लती का एहसास हो गया है।  bacce ko apaNii gaLaTii kaa ehaSaaS ho gayaa hai. “The child has realized his mistake.”

86. विश्वास करना (visvaaS karaNaa) “to believe”

मैं तुम पर विश्वास करती हूँ।  main Tum par visvaaS karaTii huun. “I believe you.”

87. उम्मीद करना (ummiiD karaNaa) “to hope”

हम सब एक बेहतर भविष्य की उम्मीद करते हैं।  ham Sab ek behaTar bhavisy kii ummiiD karaTe hain. “We all hope for a better future.”

88. समझना (SamajhaNaa) “to understand”

रोहन मेरी दिक़्क़त समझता है।  RohaN merii DikkaT SamajhaTaa hai. “Rohan understands my problem.”

89. पसंद करना (paSanD karaNaa) “to like”

जॉन को मसालेदार खाना पसंद है।  jauN ko maSaaLeDaar khaaNaa paSanD hai. “John likes spicy foods.”

90. प्यार करना (pyaar karaNaa) “to love”

मैं अपने बच्चों से बहुत प्यार करता हूँ।  main apaNe baccon Se bahuT pyaar karaTaa huun. “I really love my kids.”

91. याद करना (yaaD karaNaa) “to remember”

मुझे अभी तक वो रात याद है।  mujhe abhii Tak vo raaT yaaD hai. “I still remember that night.”

92. भूलना (bhuuLaNaa) “to forget”

सुमित कोर्ट की तारीख़ फिर से भूल गया।  SumiT kort kii Taariikh phir Se bhuuL gayaa. “Sumit forgot about the court date again.”

93. नफ़रत करना (NafaraT karaNaa) “to hate”

सुमन इस शहर से नफ़रत करती है।  SumaN iS sahar Se NafaraT karaTii hai. “Suman just hates this town.”

94. सपने  देखना (SapaNe DekhaNaa) “to dream”

कल रात मैं तुम्हें सपने में देख रहा था।  kaL raaT main Tumhen SapaNe men Dekh rahaa THaa. “Last night I was dreaming about you.”

9. Hindi Phrasal Verbs

By now, you’ve learned many useful Hindi verbs. We will now explore another sub-topic: phrasal verbs.

Phrasal verbs are those verbs in which two phrases come together, and they both collectively act as the main verbs in that sentence.

Sound tricky?Well, because this concept can be a little confusing to learners, we’ve included a quick Hindi phrasal verbs list here.

95. आना – जाना (aaNaa – jaaNaa) “to visit”

सर्दियों के मौसम में बहुत सी हस्तियाँ इस होटल में आती-जाती रहती हैं।  SarDiyon ke mauSam men bahuT Sii haSTiyaan iS hotaL men aaTii-jaaTii rahTii hain. “Many celebrities visit this hotel in the winter season.”

96. पढ़ना – लिखना (padhaNaa – LikhaNaa) “to study”

उज्जवल भविष्य के लिए पढ़ना – लिखना ज़रूरी है।  ujjavaL bhavisy ke Liye padhaNaa – LikhaNaa zaruurii hai. “For a bright future, it’s really important to study hard.”

97. माफ़ी माँगना (maafii maangaNaa) “to apologize”

मेरे सहकर्मी ने अपनी ग़लती पर माफ़ी मांग ली।  mere Sahakarmii Ne apaNii gaLaTii par maafii maang Lii. “My colleague apologized for his mistake.”

98. खो जाना (kho jaaNaa) “to get lost”

दो विदेशी होटल का रास्ता भूल गए।  Do viDesii hotaL kaa raaSTaa bhuuL gaye. “Two foreigners got lost on their way to the hotel.”

99. हार मान लेना (haar maaN LeNaa) “to give up”

कनिका इतनी जल्दी हार नहीं मानेगी।  kaNikaa iTaNii jaLDii haar Nahiin maaNegii. “Kanika would not give up so easily.”

100. चुप हो जाना (cup ho jaaNaa) “to become silent”

प्रार्थना के वक़्त हर कोई चुप हो गया।  praarTHaNaa ke vaqT har koii cup ho gayaa. “During the prayer, everybody became silent.”

10. Exploring the World of the Hindi Language with HindiPod101.com

With this, we successfully close another big chapter. In this lesson, you learned all types of verbs. How many types do you remember?

If asked, would you be able to give us a few examples of causative verbs in Hindi? Our comment box is right below, waiting for you to showcase all you’ve got.

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Happy Hindi learning!

A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun. Everybody knows this definition. But what is a pronoun in Hindi—or rather, what is the meaning of “pronoun” in Hindi?

“Pronoun” in Hindi is known as सर्वनाम (SarvaNaam).Imagine a conversation where you had to repeat the name of a person or thing all the time? Exactly! It would be so dull, so monotonous, and where’s the fun in that? This is where the different kinds of pronouns in Hindi come into play.

Table of Contents

1. The Importance of a Pronoun in Hindi
2. Pronoun Definition and Examples in Hindi
3. Types of Pronouns in Hindi
4. Hindi Personal Pronouns
5. Hindi Demonstrative Pronouns
6. Hindi Interrogative Pronouns
7. Hindi Indefinite Pronouns
8. Hindi Relative Pronouns
9. Hindi Distributive Pronouns
10. Getting the Best Out of HindiPod101

1. The Importance of a Pronoun in Hindi

The primary purpose of all kinds of pronouns in Hindi is to make the communication clean and clutter-free. Pronouns eliminate redundancy in conversations, at the same time adding more clarity and flow to the talk.

On the other hand, all pronoun words in Hindi play a significant role in enhancing colloquialism in the language. It’s the collection of these pronoun words in Hindi that allows the native language to remain so effortlessly unique and vibrant.

Apart from that, after going through this guide, you’ll also be able to easily differentiate between a noun and pronoun in Hindi. If you haven’t yet, kindly check our super-informative article on “100 Hindi Nouns.”

Talking about nouns, we can’t just skip adjectives, can we? Well, accentuate your communication with these Top 100 Adjectives in Hindi and wow Hindi native speakers with a flawless and smooth Hindi vocabulary!

Now, without further ado, let’s embark on our exciting topic for today.

2. Pronoun Definition and Examples in Hindi

The various parts of speech include, but are not limited to, the: noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, and adverb in Hindi. Needless to say, having at least a surface-level knowledge of each part’s definition and usage can take you a long way toward refining your language skills.

You’ve already learned the meaning of “pronoun” in Hindi, which is सर्वनाम (SarvaNaam). Now it’s time to quickly glance through some examples of Hindi sentences using pronouns.

Let’s make this one easy before heading into more examples. Here’s how you would tell someone what a pronoun is in Hindi:

• संज्ञा के स्थान पर प्रयोग किये जाने वाले शब्द सर्वनाम कहलाते हैं। 

Sangyaa ke STHaaN par prayog kiye jaaNe vaaLe sabD SarvaNaam kahaLaaTe hain.

“Words used in place of a noun are called pronouns.”

3. Types of Pronouns in Hindi

There are so many types of pronouns in Hindi. These include:

• “Personal Pronoun” = पुरुषवाचक सर्वनाम (purusavaacak SarvaNaam) 
• “Possessive Pronoun” = अधिकारवाचक सर्वनाम (aDHikaaravaacak SarvaNaam) 
• “Reflexive Pronoun” = निजवाचक सर्वनाम (Nijavaacak SarvaNaam)
• “Demonstrative Pronoun” = संकेतवाचक सर्वनाम (SankeTavaacak SarvaNaam) 
• “Interrogative Pronoun” = प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम (prasNavaacak SarvaNaam) 
• “Indefinite Pronoun” = अनिश्चयवाचक सर्वनाम (aNiscayavaacak SarvaNaam) 
• “Relative Pronoun” = संबंधवाचक सर्वनाम (SambaNDHavaacak SarvaNaam) 
• “Distributive Pronoun” = वितरणवाचक सर्वनाम (viTaranavaacak SarvaNaam) 

Each kind of pronoun in Hindi will be explained with the help of simple and useful examples.

An interesting and easy way to learn about Hindi language pronouns is to use them abundantly in both spoken and written forms.

To warm up, here are some pronoun examples in Hindi:

• मैं (main) = “I”
• आप (aap) = “You”
• उसको (uSako) = “Him” / “Her”
• कहाँ (kahaan) = “Where”

Let’s see a few pronoun sentences in Hindi using these example words.

• मैं घर जा रही हूँ। 

main ghar jaa rahii huun.

“I am going home.”

• आप से मिलकर अच्छा लगा। 

aap Se miLakar acchaa Lagaa.

“It was nice meeting you.”

• उसको कल आने के लिए बोल दो। 

uSako kaL aaNe ke Liye boL Do.

“Ask him/her to come tomorrow.”

• सुमन कहाँ है? 

SumaN kahaan hai?

“Where is Suman?”

By now, you must have gotten a fair idea about what pronouns in Hindi are and how to use them.

In this lesson about pronouns in Hindi, we’ve introduced all the main kinds of pronouns in Hindi. 

Are you ready to dig deeper now, and really start learning Hindi pronouns? Let’s go!

4. Hindi Personal Pronouns

The first type of pronoun we’ll be discussing in this Hindi pronouns list is the personal pronoun. Personal pronouns in Hindi are known as पुरुषवाचक सर्वनाम (purusavaacak SarvaNaam). This type of pronoun in Hindi refers to words that replace nouns that are used for a particular person, place, or thing.

To make personal pronouns in Hindi crystal-clear for you, we’ll break it down into sub-categories that are described below.

1- Singular Forms

Almost all Hindi pronouns exercises revolve around the correct use of pronouns in Hindi. This also includes knowing how to form and use the singular and plural forms of pronouns. Let’s go over the concept of the “singular form”, or एकवचन (ekavacaN), of personal pronouns in Hindi.

Personal Pronouns: Singular Forms
	Hindi	English	Sentences
1st Person	मैं (main)	“I”	मैं सोना चाहता हूँ।  main SoNaa caahaTaa huun. “I want to sleep.”
2nd Person	तुम (Tum)	“You”	तुम अच्छी लग रही हो।  Tum acchii Lag rahii ho. “You look nice.”
	आप (aap)	“You”	आप चाय लेना पसंद करेंगे?  aap caaye LeNaa paSanD karenge. “Would you like to have tea?”
3rd Person	वह (vah)	“He”	वह रोज़ विद्यालय जाता है।  vah roz viDyaaLay jaaTaa hai. “He goes to school every day.”
	वह (vah)	“She”	वह बहुत उदास थी।  vah bahauT uDaaS THii. “She was quite sad.”
	यह (yeh)	“It”	यह एक उपन्यास है।  yah ek upaNyaaS hai. “It is a novel.”

2- Plural Forms

The plural forms are known as बहुवचन (bahuvacaN) in Hindi. Below is a Hindi pronoun chart which showcases some of the most frequently used plural forms of personal pronouns in Hindi.

Personal Pronouns: Plural Forms
	Hindi	English	Sentences
1st Person	हम (ham) Or हम सब (ham Sab) Or हम लोग (ham Log)	“We”	हम सब बाज़ार जा रहे हैं। ham Sab baazaar jaa rahe hain. “We are going to the market.”
2nd Person	तुम सब (Tum Sab)	“You”	तुम सब को हिंदी में चार वाक्य बनाने हैं। Tum Sab ko hinDii men caar vaakya baNaaNe hain. “You have to make four sentences in Hindi.”
	आप सब (aap Sab)	“You”	आप सब अब जा सकते हैं। aap Sab ab jaa SakaTe hain. “You may go now.”
3rd Person	वे (ve)	“They”	वे लोग मेरे रिश्तेदार हैं। ve Log mere risTeDaar hain. “They are my relatives.”

3- Hindi Object Pronouns

This kind of pronoun in Hindi consists of words that are used to replace the object (on which the action is being done) in that sentence. In such sentences, the subject or doer is someone else. 

Let’s check out all pronouns in Hindi which are in the object forms.

Personal Pronouns: Object Forms
	Hindi	English	Sentences
1st Person	मुझे (mujhe)	“Me”	शीला मुझे प्यार करती है।  siiLaa mujhe pyaar karaTii hai. “Sheila loves me.”
	हमें (hamen)	“Us”	दादाजी हमें मिठाई दिलाएंगे।  DaaDaajii hamen mithaaii DiLaayenge. “Grandpa will buy us sweets.”
2nd Person	तुम्हें (Tumhen)	“You”	सूरज तुम्हें अपना दोस्त समझता है।  Suuraj Tumhen apaNaa DoST SamajhaTaa hai. “Suraj considers you his friend.”
	आपको (aapako)	“You”	प्रिंसिपल आपको बुला रहे हैं।  priNSipaL aapako buLaa rahe hain. “The principal is asking for you.”
3rd Person	उसे (uSe)	“Him”	राधा उसे फ़ोन नहीं करेगी।  raaDHaa uSe foN Nahiin karegii. “Radha will not call him.”
	उसे (uSe)	“Her”	माँ ने उसे सब्ज़ी लाने भेजा था।  maan Ne uSe Sabzii LaaNe bhejaa THaa. “Mother has sent her to buy some vegetables.”
	उन्हें (uNhen)	“Them”	पुलिस ने उन्हें रंगे-हाथों पकड़ लिया।  puLiS Ne uNhen range-haaTHon pakad Liyaa. “The police caught them red-handed.”

4- Casual Forms

No language would be complete without its casual or informal words for chitchats. So, how could we let you miss these hardcore native pronoun words in Hindi?

Here’s our list of Hindi pronouns in their casual forms.

Make sure to use them only with your close friends. Avoid using them with colleagues and those who are older than you as it may leave a bad impression on them!

Personal Pronouns: Informal / Casual Forms
Hindi	English	Sentences
तू (Tuu)	“You”	तू पहले कुछ खा ले।  Tuu pahaLe kuch khaa Le. “You eat something first.”
तुझे (Tujhe)	“You”	तुझे अब आराम करना चाहिए।  Tujhe ab aaraam karaNaa caahiye. “You should get some rest now.”
तेरा (Teraa) / तेरी	“Your”	तेरी तबियत कैसी है ?  Terii TabiyaT kaiSii hai? “How is your health?”

5- Possessive Forms

The fifth type of personal pronoun is Hindi possessive pronouns/forms, which in Hindi are called अधिकारवाचक सर्वनाम (aDHikaaravaacak SarvaNaam).As the definition of possessive pronouns in Hindi indicates, the Hindi possessive pronouns are those words which show possession or ownership of a noun.

Personal Pronouns: Possessive Forms
	Hindi	English	Sentences
1st Person	मेरा (meraa) / मेरी (merii)	“My” / “Mine”	मेरा बैग गीला है।  meraa baig giiLaa hai. “My bag is wet.”
	हमारा (hamaaraa) / हमारी (hamaarii)	“Our”	हमारा फ़्रिज ख़राब हो गया है।  hamaaraa frij kharaab ho gayaa hai. “Our fridge is not working.”
2nd Person	तुम्हारा (Tumhaaraa) / तुम्हारी (Tumhaarii)	“Your”	तुम्हारी दवा का वक़्त हो गया।  Tumhaarii Davaa kaa vaqT ho gayaa hai. “It’s time for your medicine.”
	आपका (aapakaa) / आपकी (aapakii)	“Your”	आपका काम हमें बहुत अच्छा लगा।  aapakaa kaam hamen bahuT acchaa Lagaa. “We really liked your work.”
3rd Person	उसका (uSkaa) / उसकी (uSkii)	“His” / “Her”	सीमा अपने परिवार से प्यार करती है और हर सप्ताहांत उनसे मिलने जाती है।  Siimaa apNe parivaar Se pyaar karTii hai aur har SapTaahaanT uNSe miLNe jaaTii hai. “Seema loves her family and meets them every weekend.”
	उनका (uNakaa) / उनकी (uNakii)	“Their”	मुझे उनका फ़ोन नंबर मालूम है।  mujhe uNakaa foN Nambar maaLuum hai. “I know their phone numbers.”

Now that you’re familiar with Hindi possessive pronouns, it’s time to study another significant sub-topic: the reflexive pronoun in Hindi.

6- Reflexive Forms

Before we look at the Hindi pronouns table below, we’ll first go over the meaning of reflexive pronouns in Hindi.

The reflexive forms, or emphatic pronouns, are known as निजवाचक सर्वनाम (Nijavaacak SarvaNaam). While there are several words that qualify as reflexive pronouns in English, they’re reduced to two common phrases in Hindi that are used for all first-, second-, and third-person personal pronouns.

Which ones are these? Find out for yourself!

Personal Pronouns: Reflexive Forms
Hindi	English	Sentences
अपने-आप (apaNe-aap) ख़ुद-ही (khuD-hii)	“Myself”	मैं ख़ुद वहाँ जाना चाहती हूँ।  main khuD vahaan jaaNaa caahaTii huun. “I want to go there myself.”
	“Yourself”	तुम ख़ुद ये नौकरी करना चाहते थे।  Tum khuD hii ye Naukarii karaNaa caahaTe THe. “You yourself wanted this job.”
	“Themselves”	उन्होंने ख़ुद ही सामान का भुगतान किया था।  uNhoNe khuD hii SaamaaN kaa bhugaTaaN kiyaa THaa. “They, themselves, paid for the stuff.”
	“Himself”	बच्चा अपने आप ही चलने लगा।  baccaa apaNe aap hi caLaNe Lagaa. “The toddler himself started walking.”
	“Herself”	इसके लिए सीमा ख़ुद ज़िम्मेदार है।  iSake Liye Siimaa khuD zimmeDaar hai. “Seema herself is responsible for this.”
	“Ourselves”	हम ख़ुद इस मुश्किल में पड़ गए।  ham khuD iS muskiL men pad gaye. “We got into this problem ourselves.”

As you can see, we have just two Hindi phrases for so many English reflexive pronouns. Actually, both the phrases अपने-आप (apaNe-aap) and ख़ुद-ही (khuD-hii) can be used to replace any of the English reflexive pronouns, be it “himself,” “herself,” “themselves,” and so on.

Hence, regardless of the English reflexive pronouns, the clarity of the context mostly depends on the Hindi personal pronouns in that sentence, and not on the Hindi reflexive pronouns.

5. Hindi Demonstrative Pronouns

Now, we’ll talk about the demonstrative pronoun in Hindi. These pronouns are quite important, and we’ll look at them in more depth in the following Hindi pronouns chart.

The demonstrative pronoun meaning in Hindi is संकेतवाचक सर्वनाम (SankeTavaacak SarvaNaam). It’s also known as a definite pronoun in Hindi, or निश्चयवाचक सर्वनाम (Niscayavaacak SarvaNaam).

These are words which indicate a specific noun.

Demonstrative Pronouns
Hindi	English	Sentences
यह (yeh)	“This”	यह चादर मुझे तोहफ़े में मिली थी।  yah caaDar mujhe Tohafe men miLii THii. “I got this bedsheet as a present.”
ह (vah)	“That”	वह लड़का बीमार है।  vah Ladakaa biimaar hai. “That boy is sick.”
ये (ye)	“These”	ये मकान बहुत पुराने हैं।  ye makaaN bahuT puraaNe hain. “These houses are quite old.”
वे (ve)	“Those”	वे किताबें साधना की हैं।  ve kiTaaben SaaDHaNaa kii hain. “Those are Sadhana’s books.”
यहाँ (yahaan)	“Here”	तुम यहाँ कैसे आये ?  Tum yahaan kaiSe aaye? “How did you get here?”
वहाँ (vahaan)	“There”	जाओ और वहाँ सोफ़े पर बैठ जाओ।  jaao aur vahaan Sofe par baith jaao. “Go and sit on the sofa there.”
ऐसा / ऐसी (aiSaa / aiSii)	“Such”	मुझे ऐसी फ़िल्में पसंद नहीं हैं।  mujhe aiSii fiLmen paSanD Nahiin hain. “I don’t like such movies.”
वही	“The same”	ये वही बच्ची है जिसके बारे में मैंने तुम्हें बताया था।  ye vahii baccii hai jiSake baare men maine Tumhen baTaayaa THaa. “It’s the same girl I told you about.”

6. Hindi Interrogative Pronouns

Interrogative pronouns in Hindi help us ask questions about any noun. In Hindi, these are known as प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम (prasNavaacak SarvaNaam).

Interrogative Pronouns
Hindi	English	Sentences
क्या (kyaa)	“What”	तुम दोपहर में क्या खाओगे ?  Tum Dopahar men kyaa khaaoge? “What will you have for lunch?”
क्यों (kyon)	“Why”	अर्जुन क्यों रो रहा है ?  arjuN kyon ro rahaa hai? “Why is Arjun crying?”
कौन सा (kauN Saa) / सी (Sii)	“Which”	उसको कौन सा रंग पसंद है?  uSako kauN Saa rang paSanD hai? “Which is her favorite color?”
कौन (kauN)	“Who”	दरवाज़े पर कौन था ?  Darvaaze par kauN THaa? “Who was on the door?”
किसे (kiSe) / किसको (kiSako)	“Whom”	तुम किसे ज़्यादा प्यार करते हो ? Tum kiSe zyaaDaa pyaar karaTe ho? “Whom do you love more?”
किसका (kiSkaa) / किसकी (kiSkii)	“Whose”	यह कलम किसकी है ?  yah kaLam kiSakii hai? “Whose pen is this?”
कहाँ (kahaan) /  किधर (kiDHar)	“Where”	बाक़ी लोग कहाँ हैं ?  baaqii Log kahaan hain? “Where is everybody else?”
कब (kab)	“When”	बस कब आएगी ?  baS kab aayegii? “When will the bus be here?”

7. Hindi Indefinite Pronouns

The next sub-topic in our Hindi pronouns list is the indefinite pronoun. Indefinite pronouns in Hindi are called अनिश्चयवाचक सर्वनाम (aNiscayavaacak SarvaNaam).

These pronoun words are useful when we’re referring to a noun, but not something in particular.

Indefinite Pronouns
Hindi	English	Sentences
कुछ (kuch) / थोड़ा (THodaa)	“Some” / “Few”	मुझे कुछ वक़्त चाहिए।  mujhe kuch vaqT caahiye. “I need some time.”
कोई (koii)	“Any”	उसके पास कोई और ड्रेस नहीं है।  uSake paaS koii aur dreS Nahiin hai. “She doesn’t have any other dress.”
सभी (Sabhii) / सारे (Saare)	“All”	मेरे भतीजे को सारे गुब्बारे चाहिए थे।  mere bhaTiije ko Saare gubbaare caahiye THe. “My nephew wanted all the balloons.”
कई (kaii)	“Many”	रवि को उसके जन्मदिन पर कई तोहफ़े मिले।  ravi ko uSake jaNmaDiN par kaii Tohafe miLe. “Ravi got so many presents on his birthday.”
हर कोई (har koii)	“Everybody”	हर कोई ख़ुश रहना चाहता है।  har koii khus rahaNaa caahaTaa hai. “Everybody wants to be happy.”
हर किसी (har kiSii)	“Everyone”	हर किसी ने उसके गाने की तारीफ़ की।  har kiSii Ne uSake gaaNe kii Taariif kii. “Everyone praised her singing.”
सब जगह (Sab jagah) Or  हर तरफ़ (har Taraf)	“Everywhere”	आजकल सब जगह प्रदूषण बढ़ रहा है।  aaj kaL Sab jagah praDuusan badh rahaa hai. “Nowadays, the pollution levels are rising everywhere.”
कोई (koii)	“Someone” / “Somebody”	बाहर कोई तुम्हारा इंतज़ार कर रहा है।  baahar koii Tumhaaraa inTazaar kar rahaa hai. “Someone is waiting for you outside.”
किसी ने (kiSii Ne)	“Somebody”	क्या किसी ने तुम्हें कुछ कहा ?  kyaa kiSii Ne Tumhen kuch kahaa? “Did somebody say something to you?”
किसी को (kiSii ko)	“Someone”	चलो, किसी को रात के खाने पर बुलाते हैं।  caLo, kiSii ko raaT ke khaaNe par buLaaTe hain. “Come on, let’s invite someone for dinner.”
किसी का (kiSii kaa)	“Someone’s”	हॉल में किसी का सूटकेस रखा है।  haauL men kiSii kaa Suut keS rakhaa hai. “Someone’s suitcase is there in the hall.”
कहीं (kahiin)	“Somewhere”	कविता आज कहीं जाने का प्लान बना रही थी।  kaviTaa aaj kahiin jaaNe kaa pLaaN baNaa rahii THii. “Kavita was planning to go somewhere today.”
कुछ (kuch)	“Something”	कहीं तुम कुछ भूल तो नहीं रहे ?  kahiin Tum kuch bhuuL To Nahiin rahe? “Aren’t you forgetting something?”
सब कुछ (Sab kuch)	“Everything”	मैं सब कुछ जानना चाहता हूँ।  main Sab kuch jaaNaNaa caahaTaa huun. “I want to know everything.”
कोई नहीं (koii Nahiin)	“No-one” / “Nobody”	यहाँ पर तो कोई नहीं है।  yahaan par To koii Nahiin hai. “There’s no-one here.”
कुछ नहीं (kuch Nahiin)	“Nothing”	एक्सीडेंट भयानक था लेकिन मुझे कुछ नहीं हुआ।  ekSiident bhayaaNak THaa LekiN mujhe kuch Nahiin huaa. “It was a terrible accident, but nothing happened to me.”
कहीं नहीं (kahiin Nahiin)	“Nowhere”	आइसक्रीम बेचने वाला कहीं नहीं दिख रहा था।  aaiS kriim becNe vaaLaa kahiin Nahiin Dikh rahaa THaa. “The ice-cream vendor was nowhere in sight.”
कोई भी (koii bhii)	“Anyone” / “Anybody”	कोई भी इस प्रतियोगिता में भाग ले सकता है।  koii bhii iS praTiyogiTaa men bhaag Le SakaTaa hai. “Anyone can participate in this competition.”
किसी को भी (kiSii ko bhii)	“Anyone”	पूजा ने किसी को भी ये बात नहीं बताई।  puujaa Ne kiSii ko bhii ye baaT Nahiin baTaayii. “Pooja didn’t tell anyone about it.”
जिस किसी को भी (jiS kiSii ko bhii)	“Whomever”	तुम जिस किसी को भी चाहो उसे घर पर बुला सकती हो।  Tum jiS kiSii ko bhii caaho uSe ghar par buLaa SakaTii ho. “You can invite whomever you like.”
जो कोई भी (jo koii bhii)	“Whoever”	जो कोई भी पहले उस लाइन को पार करेगा विजेता बनेगा।  jo koii bhii pahaLe uS LaaiN ko paar karegaa vijeTaa baNegaa. “Whoever touches that line first is the winner.”
कहीं भी (kahiin bhii)	“Anywhere”	तुम कहीं भी मत जाना।  Tum kahiin bhii maT jaaNaa. “Don’t go anywhere.”
कुछ भी (kuch bhii)	“Anything”	मैं कुछ भी नहीं सुनना चाहती।  main kuch bhii Nahiin SuNaNaa caahaTii. “I don’t want to hear anything.”

8. Hindi Relative Pronouns

We’ve covered nearly all the different types of pronouns in Hindi. But let us remind you of another really significant one: the relative pronoun in Hindi.Relative pronouns in Hindi are called संबंधवाचक सर्वनाम (SambaNDHavaacak SarvaNaam). They show the relationship or connection that helps describe the noun that’s being talked about.

Relative Pronouns
Hindi	English	Sentences
जो (jo)	“That”	वो किताब कहाँ रखी है जो आप ने कल ख़रीदी थी? vo kiTaab kahaan rakhii hai jo aap Ne kaL khariiDii THii? “Where is that book you bought yesterday?”
जो (jo)	“Which”	श्याम ने पार्टी में जो शर्ट पहनी थी वो काफ़ी सुंदर थी। syaam Ne paartii men jo sart pahaNii THii vo kaafii SuNDar THii. “The shirt which Shyam was wearing at the party was quite nice.”
जो (jo)	“Who”	जो लड़का मुझसे मिलने आया था वह मेरा सहपाठी है। jo Ladakaa mujh Se miLaNe aayaa THaa vah meraa Sahapaathii hai. “The boy who came to meet me is my classmate.”
जिसने (jiSaNe)	“Who”	ये वही लड़की है जिसने कल मेरी मदद की थी। ye vahii Ladakii hai jiSaNe kaL merii maDaD kii THii. “This is the girl who helped me yesterday.”
जिसे (jiSe) Or जिसको (jiSko)	“Whom”	मैं जिसे पसंद करता था वह प्रत्याशी चुनाव में जीत गया है। main jiSe paSanD karTaa THaa vah praTyaasiii cuNaav men jiiT gayaa hai. “The candidate who* I was supporting has won the election.” (*Quick Note: Please, note that the English translation isn’t exactly the same as the Hindi, so the Hindi “whom” became “who”.)
जिसका (jiSakaa)	“Whose”	यह जिसका पर्स है उसी को लौटा देते हैं। yah jiSakaa parS hai uSii ko Lautaa DeTe hain. “Let’s return this to the person whose purse this is.”
जहाँ (jahaan) /  जिधर (jiDHar)	“Where”	वहीं चलो जहाँ कल खाना खाया था। vahiin caLo jahaan kaL khaaNaa khaayaa THaa. “Let’s go to the same place where we ate yesterday.”
जब (jab)	“When”	जब तुम सो रहे थे मैं काम कर रहा था। jab Tum So rahe THe main kaam kar rahaa THaa. “I was working when you were sleeping.”

9. Hindi Distributive Pronouns

Our last type of pronoun is the distributive pronoun. In Hindi, the distributive pronoun is known as वितरणवाचक सर्वनाम (viTaranavaacak SarvaNaam).

Let’s look at the chart below and find out which Hindi pronouns qualify as the distributive pronouns.

Distributive Pronouns
Hindi	English	Sentences
हर एक (har ek) / प्रत्येक (praTyek)	“Each”	प्रत्येक खिलाड़ी को एक नयी टी-शर्ट मिलेगी।  praTyek khiLaadii ko ek Nayii tii-sart miLegii. “Each player will get a new t-shirt.”
या तो (yaa To) / या फिर (ya phir)	“Either-or”	या तो तुम हिंदी पढ़ सकती हो या फिर फ़्रेंच।  yaa To Tum hiNDii padh SakaTii ho yaa phir freNc. “You can either study Hindi or French.”
ना तो (Naa To)	“Neither-nor”	मेरी बीमारी के वक़्त न तो मेरी माँ पास थी न ही मेरे पिता।  merii biimaarii ke vaqT Na To merii maan paaS THii Na hii mere piTaa. “Neither my mother nor father were around when I was sick.”
कोई नहीं (koii Nahiin)	“None”	सभी कमरों में कोई साफ़ नहीं था।  Sabhii kamaron men koii Saaf Nahiin THaa. “None of the rooms were clean.”

10. Getting the Best Out of HindiPod101

To get the most out of what you read today, you can treat this whole pronoun list in Hindi as an awesome Hindi pronoun exercise. Just pick one word and try making different sentences with it.

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